Ib Lub Hnab Soundbox: 6 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Cov cuab yeej no tsis tsuas yog haum rau hauv hnab tshos tab sis kuj tsim ntau yam suab paj nruag zoo ib yam li cov hnab ntim khoom (hauv kuv lub tswv yim) los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rau khawm khawm. Pom tseeb, nws tsuas yog khoom siv lom zem rau menyuam yaus; txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv (Kuv vam tias) hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob loj dua.

Kauj Ruam 1: Kev piav qhia ntawm Circuit

Voltage tswj oscillator (VCO)

Tus oscillator tau tsim nrog IC LM331 (cov ntawv muaj nyob ntawm no: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm331.pdf), qhov hloov hluav taws xob-rau-zaus hloov pauv nrog cov kab ncaj ncaj nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv yim hluav taws xob (Vin) thiab qhov zaus ntawm cov mem tes ntawm qhov tso tawm (Fout). Ib qho transistor sab hauv ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm IC (tus pin 3) qhib nrog zaus uas yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob Vs txuas nrog tus pin3 los ntawm tus tiv thaiv R20; Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm pulses tshwm ntawm qhov tso tawm. Cov mem tes no qhib rau sab nraud transistor Q1 uas ua rau tus neeg hais lus ua lub suab nrov. Cov tswv yim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem muab cov hluav taws xob sib txawv los ntawm kev sib txuas sib txawv ntawm nws lub pob nyem. Ob tus oscillator thiab tus adder tau txhawb zog nrog ib lub roj teeb 9 volt.

Voltage adder (VA)

Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob passive muaj 6 qhov sib faib hluav taws xob txhua qhov uas tau tsim los ntawm lub zog ntsuas hluav taws xob, tus tiv thaiv thiab lub diode. Thaum nias lub pob nyem, qhov hluav taws xob Vs los ntawm lub roj teeb tau siv rau qhov sib faib hluav taws xob sib xws. Cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm cov faib faib sib raug rau qhov tshwj xeeb zaus tsim los ntawm VCO. Qhov zaus ntawm qhov oscillations tau ncaj qha ncaj qha rau qhov nkag hluav taws xob ntawm IC, txhua qhov faib ua hluav taws xob uas yog 6% siab dua qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm kev faib ua ntej. Qhov laj thawj yog tias qhov zaus ntawm ob daim ntawv sib law liag sib txawv 6%; yog li, rau qhov faib faib ua hluav taws xob sib xws rau rau qhov sib txawv sau tseg. Tus tiv thaiv hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob mus rau qhov tam sim no uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau cov dej ntws los ntawm lwm qhov kev faib thaum ob peb lub pob nyem. Lub diode tsis tso cai tam sim no los ntawm kev faib ua kom ntws mus rau lwm qhov kev faib tawm, qhov tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws mus rau qhov sib txuas resistor R13; yog li, txhua qhov kev faib tawm yog ywj siab ntawm ib leeg. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntau ntxiv txog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob passive ntawm no:

Passive voltage ntxiv

en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Circuit_Idea/Parallel_Voltage_Summer

en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Circuit_Idea/Simple_Op-amp_Summer_Design#Passive_summer

Lub suab sib tov

sound.whsites.net/articles/audio-mixing.htm

Kauj Ruam 2: Kho Voltages

Nov yog qhov kuv tau teeb tsa qhov tsim nyog qhov hluav taws xob:

1) Txuas lub voltmeter nruab nrab ntawm av thiab Vin.

2) Nias txhua VA lub laub khawm, nyeem voltmeter. Hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej nws nyeem 1.10 Volts. Qhov ntawd yog qhov siab tshaj plaws muaj nyob ntawm VA cov zis. PBs qhov teeb tsa tau qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no.

3) Siv qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm tus faib thib 1 (khawm 1) raws li 'V1'. Ua tias txhua qhov hluav taws xob yog 6% ntau dua li ib qho dhau los, sau qhov sib npaug:

V1 + 1.06xV1 + (1.06^2) xV1 + (1.06^3) xV1 + (1.06^4) xV1 + (1.06^5) xV1 = 1.10

Kev daws qhov no rau 'V1' muab V1 = 0.158V

Yog li, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lwm qhov kev faib tawm yog: V2 = 0.167V, V3 = 0.177V, V4 = 0.187V, V5 = 0.199V, V6 = 0.211V. Kuv muab cov txiaj ntsig no los ua zauv thib ob: V1 = 0.16V, V2 = 0.17V, V3 = 0.18V, V4 = 0.19V, V5 = 0.20V, V6 = 0.21V.

Kho qhov sib txig sib txig kom tau cov txiaj ntsig no. Yog tias VCO qhov tso zis ntau zaus tsis sib xws rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, kho lub trimmer R19 ntawm VCO (yam tsis tau kov lub trimmer ntawm VA!) Kom txog thaum cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tau tsim. R19 ua rau nws tuaj yeem hloov kho VCO cov zaus tso tawm yam tsis muaj ntau yam yam tsis hloov Vin. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas ob qho ntawv sau tseg nrog lub ntsuas zaus, lossis qhib lub suab nrog lub suab (piv txwv li, Garage Band muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no hauv ntu 'kaw suab').

Raws li kuv suav, VA tuaj yeem tsim tawm 34 qhov hluav taws xob ywj pheej; tsuas yog rau ntawm lawv phim cov ntawv sau tseeb, kev sib txuas ntawm lub pob nyem muab lub suab nrov uas nyob ib puag ncig cov ntawv sau tseg hauv +/- 30 xees (ib xees yog 1/100 ntawm semitone).

Koj yuav pom ib lub rooj nrog sau ntawv thiab lawv cov zaus sib xws ntawm no:

web.archive.org/web/20081219095621/https://www.adamsatoms.com/notes/

Kauj Ruam 3: Cov Nqi Khoom

Voltage ntxiv

SW1… SW6 - cov nyees khawm

R1, R3, R5, R7, R9, R11 - trimmers 5K

R2, R4, R6, R8, R10, R12 - 1K

R13 - 330 hli

D1… D6 - IN4001

Voltage tswj oscillator

IC 1 - LM331

Q1 - 2N3904

R14, R16 - 100K

R15 - 47 hli

R17 - 6.8K

R18 - 12K

R19 - trimmer 10K

R20 - 10K

R21 - 1K

C1 - 0.1, tej hub

C2 - 1.0, mylar

C3 - 0.01, tej hub

LS1 - tus hais lus me nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm 150 Ohm

SW1 - hloov

Qhov (socket) rau IC

Roj teeb 9V

Nco tseg: lub zog ntsuas ntawm txhua tus tiv thaiv yog 0.125W, qhov tseeb (tag nrho tsuas yog R15, R17, R18) - 5%, qhov tseeb ntawm R15, R17, R18 - 1%. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsim nyog siv qhov ua kom siab ntau tig tig cov plaub hau rau kev hloov pauv kom raug.

Kauj Ruam 4: Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Cov Cuab Yeej

Kuv xav tau x-acto riam los ua lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub rooj sib tham, tom qab ntawd cov hlau txuas nrog cov laug thiab lub tshuab txiav hlau los tsim lub Circuit Court nws tus kheej. Yuav tsum muaj tus ntswj ntsia hlau zoo los txhawm rau txhawm rau teeb tsa qhov tsim nyog qhov hluav taws xob hauv qhov faib. Ib lub ntsuas cua xav tau los tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hloov pauv, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov Circuit Court feem ntau.

Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov ntawv uas koj kho lub Circuit nrog lub suab tuner, zoo li ib qho nkag rau hauv Garage Band. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub oscilloscope virtual zoo li Academo (https://academo.org/demos/virtual-oscilloscope/) kom pom qhov oscillations. Kuv txuas lub vijtsam ntes ntawm oscilloscope uas qhia pom cov duab oscillations tsim los ntawm kuv lub cuab yeej.

Kauj Ruam 5: Cov ntaub ntawv kaw thiab Circuit Board

Kuv siv lub thawv muaj los ntawm cov yas pob tshab thiab qhov loj me 125 x 65 x 28mm. Kuv pleev xim rau nws dawb sab hauv thiab ua lwm yam kev hloov kho tsim nyog los tuav lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib feem ntawm kuv lub cuab yeej. Koj muaj kev ywj pheej ua raws koj tus kheej txoj hauv kev ua qhov thaiv no. Raws li rau lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court, Kuv tau ua los ntawm tooj liab clad iav textolite los ntawm kev txiav cov ntaub plaub fab hauv cov ntawv ci thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas rau cov ntaub qhwv no. Kuv pom txoj hauv kev no yooj yim dua li ua PCB thaum nws hais txog tsuas yog ib qho xwb.