Kev Nyuaj Siab Ntawm Kev Tsim Lub Hwj Huam Ua Tau Raws Li Li Cas Los Ntawm DC-DC Technologies: 3 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Kuv yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov kev sib tw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob tau raws li DC-DC Technologies li cas.

Cov neeg tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ntsib kev nyuaj los ntawm kev ua lag luam txhawm rau nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj zog tshaj plaws. Hauv cov khoom siv nqa tau, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua txuas ntxiv lub roj teeb lub neej thiab tso ntau txoj haujlwm rau hauv pob me. Hauv cov chaw pabcuam thiab chaw nres tsheb, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo tuaj yeem txuag ncaj qha cov txheej txheem (cua txias) thiab nqi ua haujlwm (nqi hluav taws xob). Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, cov tsim qauv tsim kho cov txheej txheem hloov pauv hluav taws xob hauv ntau thaj chaw, suav nrog kev hloov pauv tau zoo dua qub, kev hloov pauv pob, thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab raws li silicon carbide (SiC) thiab gallium nitride (GaN).

Kauj Ruam 1: Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov Hloov Topology

Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub zog muaj, tib neeg tab tom nce kev tsim qauv raws li kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntau dua li cov tshuab thev naus laus zis. Lub zog hloov hluav taws xob (SMPS) muaj lub zog muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua 90%. Qhov no txuas ntxiv lub roj teeb lub neej ntawm cov tshuab nqa tau, txo tus nqi hluav taws xob rau cov cuab yeej loj, thiab txuag qhov chaw yav tas los siv rau cov khoom siv cua sov.

Hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv topology muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws txoj kev tsim qauv nyuaj dua xav kom cov tsim qauv kom muaj ntau yam txuj ci. Cov kws tsim qauv tsim qauv yuav tsum paub txog kev sib piv thiab digital thev naus laus zis, hluav taws xob, thiab kaw lub voj kaw. Cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hluav taws xob luam tawm (PCBs) yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob (EMI) vim tias kev hloov pauv zaus ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua teeb meem hauv kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws thiab RF Circuit Court.

Ua ntej tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv lub zog hloov pauv tau thov: piv txwv li, Kate-type inductive discharge system tau tsim hauv xyoo 1910, uas siv lub tshuab vibrator los siv lub zog rov qab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshuab.

Feem ntau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tau nyob ib puag ncig tau ntau caum xyoo, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias cov kws tsim khoom tsis hloov kho cov qauv tsim kom haum rau cov ntawv thov tshiab, tshwj xeeb yog tswj lub voj. Tus txheej txheem txheej txheem siv lub tsau zaus los tswj qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob tas li los ntawm kev pub rov qab ib feem ntawm qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob (kev tswj hluav taws xob) lossis tswj hwm qhov tsim tawm tam sim no (kev tswj tam sim no) hauv qab qhov xwm txheej sib txawv. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau txhim kho tas li txhawm rau kov yeej qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov tsim qauv.

Daim duab 1 yog daim duab thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus kaw kaw kaw qhov hluav taws xob hom kev tswj (VMC). Lub zog theem suav nrog lub zog hloov pauv thiab lub lim dej tso tawm. Cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm suav nrog qhov faib hluav taws xob tso tawm, qhov ua kom yuam kev cuam tshuam, siv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv lub voj. Tus mem tes dav tus qauv (PWM) siv tus lej sib piv los sib piv qhov teeb meem yuam kev mus rau lub teeb liab teeb tsa kom tsim tawm cov mem tes ua ntu zus uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem yuam kev.

Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm VMC cov txheej txheem muaj cov cai tso tawm nruj thiab yooj yim rau synchronize nrog lub moos sab nraud, tus qauv kev tsim qauv muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Loop them nyiaj txo cov bandwidth ntawm kev tswj lub voj thiab ua rau cov lus teb qeeb zuj zus; qhov yuam kev amplifier ua rau kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no thiab txo kev ua haujlwm.

Lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua (COT) txoj kev tswj hwm muab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo tsis muaj kev them nyiaj rov qab. Kev tswj hwm COT siv kev sib piv los sib piv cov cai tswj hluav taws xob rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siv: thaum qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm tsawg dua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siv, lub tswb ntsuas lub sij hawm raug tsau. Thaum lub luag haujlwm qis qis, qhov no ua rau kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau qhov siab heev, yog li tus hloov pauv COT tus thawj coj tsim lub sijhawm uas txawv nrog cov tswv yim thiab cov hluav taws xob tso tawm, uas ua rau lub zaus yuav luag tas li ntawm lub xeev khov kho. Texas Instrument's D-CAP topology yog kev txhim kho dhau qhov hloov pauv COT txoj hauv kev: D-CAP maub los ntxiv qhov hluav taws xob nce mus rau cov lus tawm tswv yim sib piv, uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus los ntawm kev txo cov suab nrov hauv daim ntawv thov. Daim duab 2 yog kev sib piv ntawm COT thiab D-CAP systems.

Daim duab 2: Kev sib piv ntawm tus qauv COT topology (a) thiab D-CAP topology (b) (Source: Texas Instruments) Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm D-CAP topology rau qhov xav tau sib txawv. Piv txwv li, TPS53632 ib nrab-choj PWM tus tswj hwm siv D-CAP+ architecture, uas yog siv feem ntau hauv cov ntawv thov tam sim no thiab tuaj yeem tsav qib zog mus txog 1MHz hauv 48V txog 1V POL hloov pauv nrog kev ua tau zoo siab li 92%.

Tsis zoo li D-CAP, D-CAP+ cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv cov khoom siv uas sib piv rau qhov ua rau tam sim no rau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb. Qhov ua yuam kev nce ntxiv txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm DC load nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab thiab thauj khoom.

Tus tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm tau teeb tsa los ntawm sab hauv DAC. Lub voj voog no pib thaum qhov kev tawm tswv yim tam sim no mus txog qib kev ua yuam kev. Qhov yuam kev qhov hluav taws xob sib raug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm DAC teeb tsa qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 2: Txhim Kho Kev Ua Tau Raws Li Cov Teeb Meem Teeb

Rau cov khoom siv nqa tau thiab hnav tau, muaj qhov xav tau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo kom ntev lub roj teeb. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov nqa tau thiab siv tau tau nyob rau hauv lub zog qis "pw ib ntus" lossis "pw tsaug zog" hom kev tos feem ntau, tsuas yog qhib kev teb rau cov neeg siv cov tswv yim lossis ntsuas ib ntus, yog li txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob hauv hom tos. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

DCS-Tswj TM (Kev Tswj Ncaj Ncees mus rau Kev Hloov pauv mus rau Kev Siv Lub Zog Txuag Lub Zog) topology suav nrog qhov zoo ntawm peb qhov kev tswj hwm sib txawv (piv txwv li, hom hysteresis, hom hluav taws xob, thiab hom tam sim no) txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hloov mus lossis tawm hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo lub xeev. Cov txheej txheem saum toj no txhawb PWM hom rau nruab nrab thiab hnyav, nrog rau lub zog txuag hom (PSM) rau lub teeb nrau.

Thaum lub sijhawm PWM ua haujlwm, lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov ntsuas hloov pauv raws li qhov hluav taws xob nkag thiab tswj kev hloov pauv zaus. Yog tias qhov thauj khoom tam sim no txo qis, tus hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau PSM kom tswj tau qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo kom txog thaum nws poob mus rau lub teeb pom kev zoo heev. Ntawm PSM, qhov hloov pauv zaus tsawg zuj zus nrog kev thauj khoom tam sim no. Ob hom yog tswj los ntawm ib qho kev thaiv thaiv, yog li kev hloov pauv ntawm PWM mus rau PSM tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov tso tawm hluav taws xob.

Daim duab 3 yog daim duab thaiv ntawm DCS-ControlTM. Lub voj tswj hwm yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab pub nws ncaj qha rov qab mus rau qhov sib piv nrawm. Tus neeg sib piv teeb tsa qhov hloov pauv zaus (raws li qhov ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua-lub xeev kev ua haujlwm) thiab muab cov lus teb tam sim rau qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tawm tswv yim ntsuas qhov DC load. Kev them nyiaj sab hauv kev tswj hwm lub network ua haujlwm nrawm thiab ruaj khov nrog cov khoom me me sab nraud thiab qis ESR capacitors.

Daim duab 3: Kev siv DCS-Control top topology hauv TPS62130 pob hloov pauv (Source: Texas Instruments)

TPS6213xA-Q1 synchronous switching power converter yog ua raws DCS-Control top topology thiab tau ua kom zoo rau kev siv zog ceev POL daim ntawv thov. Qhov hloov pauv zaus 2.5MHz tso cai rau siv cov inductors me me thiab muab cov lus teb sai sai thiab cov zis hluav taws xob siab raug. TPS6213 ua haujlwm los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm 3V txog 17V thiab tuaj yeem xa mus txog 3A ntawm qhov txuas tam sim no ntawm 0.9V thiab 6V tso zis hluav taws xob.