Yuav Ua Li Cas Cuam Tshuam - Cov Secrets ntawm Kev Siv Zoo: 4 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:31

Kuv tau pom ntau cov lus qhia muab rau tib neeg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, qee qhov zoo, qee qhov tsis zoo. Kuv tau pom tib neeg siv txhua yam pov tseg thiab hais tias nws ua txoj haujlwm, $ 2 cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab lwm yam khoom vwm. Yog, koj tuaj yeem yaj cov laug nrog nws, thiab tej zaum koj tuaj yeem tau txais qee qhov kev sib txuas uas siv tau qee zaum. Tab sis yog tias koj xav ua nws txoj hauv kev raug, xwm yeem, tsis muaj kev sib ntaus hlau, thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nyeem.

Yog tias cov lus qhia hauv kab lus no tau ua tib zoo ua, txawm tias ib tus neeg tshiab rau kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog ob peb feeb xyaum, nws tsis yooj yim kiag li. Yog tias koj tsis xav siv sijhawm los nyeem tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, Kuv tau muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua qhov siab kawg ntawm txhua ntu.

Kauj Ruam 1: Soldering Hlau

Tau kawg thawj yam uas koj xav tau yog cov hlau txuas. Koj tsis tas yuav tau txais ib yam dab tsi zoo nkauj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis yog tias koj yuav siv cov hlau txuas ntau dua li ob peb zaug nws tsim nyog tau txais qee yam zoo ib nrab. Muaj ntau ntau qhov hu ua pheej yig 'tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias' cov khoom lag luam nyob rau niaj hnub no. Feem ntau ntawm cov no tsis yog qhov ntsuas kub tiag tiag, lawv muaj lub pob qhov rooj koj tig uas txo cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau, tab sis qhov kub tiag tiag. tswj cov hlau yuav teeb koj ob peb puas daus las rau qhov tsim nyog. Tsis muaj dab tsi tsis raug nrog qee yam ntawm cov hlau no, tab sis koj puas xav tau cov hlau 'kho tau'? Kuv cov lus qhia yuav yog siv koj cov nyiaj ntawm qhov kub zoo. hlau, nws tej zaum yuav raug nqi koj tsawg kawg li ntau, txawm tias me ntsis ntau dua li ib qho ntawm qhov pheej yig kho qhov kub. cov hlau Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub sijhawm. tswj chav rau koj cov hlau tom qab yog tias koj xav tau. Koj tsis xav tau qhov ntsuas kub. los ua haujlwm zoo txawm hais tias, yog tias koj muab lub taub me me rau hauv cov hlau nws tsis hloov cua sov ntau npaum li cas, thiab tib neeg feem ntau tsuas yog xav mus rau cov lus qhia zoo yog tias lawv ua haujlwm nrog ntu ntu ntu, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd mus rau cov lus qhia zoo. Qhov hlau kuv nyiam yog ib qho hauv daim duab, nws yog 'Goot' ua hauv Nyij Pooj, muaj cov cua sov ua kom sov thiab yuav mus los ntawm qhov txias kom npaj tau muab tshuaj txhuam hauv qab 30 feeb. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb 46W thiab tib neeg feem ntau yuav xav tau ib puag ncig 30 txog 40W rau kev ua haujlwm dav dav. Tab sis kuv nyiam qhov kev tswj hwm cov hlau no, kuv tuaj yeem muab cov IC muag muag tshaj plaws thiab mus ncaj nraim rau qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav nrog tib qhov teeb tsa. Kuv xav tias qee tus neeg siv cov hlau tsis muaj zog nrog cov lus qhia zoo, xav tias qhov no yuav muag heev, tab sis xaus nce tuav cov hlau rau ntawm ib nrab feeb kom nws mus rau qhov laug, thiab tseem tau txais qhov tsis muaj zog. Koj yuav tsum tsuas yog tuav cov hlau ntawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li tus pin IC txog li 2 lossis 3 vib nas this. Yog tias koj hloov mus rau qhov lus qhia zoo vim tias koj xav ua kom tiav koj li PCB kev ua haujlwm, piv txwv li koj tau txais cov kab laug sab txuas ntawm cov pawm lossis IC pins, tej zaum koj yuav pom tias nws tsis pab ntau heev. Hloov chaw koj yuav pom koj tus kheej yuav tsum tuav cov hlau ntev dua vim tias nws tsis sov kom txaus, thiab cov laug yuav tsis ntws zoo. Cov lus qhia tej zaum tsis yog koj qhov teeb meem, thiab koj yuav pom hloov mus rau qhov muag dua yuav pab tau ntau dua. Kev siv cov kua nplaum ua kom yooj yim dua los tswj ntau npaum li cas cov kab laug sab koj pub rau hauv kev sib koom tes, yog tias koj siv ib puag ncig 1 hli txoj kab laug sab, sim hloov mus txog 0.5 hli txoj kab uas hla, tab sis khaws qhov zoo ib txwm qhia. hlau nrog qhov loj me ntsis.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Cuab Yeej Ntxiv

Sib nrug los ntawm cov hlau txhuam muaj ob peb yam ntxiv uas kuv xav txog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuaj zoo. Qhov pom tseeb yog qhov muag koj siv, Kuv nyiam 60/40 resin cored, muaj lwm yam zaub mov txawv tab sis qhov no yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, nws yog 60% tin, 40% txhuas nrog flux ua rau hauv nruab nrab. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws hauv cov kab sib txawv thiab siv qhov koj nyiam. Tus kheej kuv nyiam cov khoom me me 0.56mm rau feem ntau ua haujlwm. Kuv khaws cov yob ntawm cov tuab tuab tuab rau cov haujlwm loj, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov tuab rau txhua yam yog tias koj tsuas yog xav yuav ib qho me me xwb. Auj yog, tsis txhob siv 'tus kav dej' cov laug los yog ib yam zoo li ntawd, tau txais cov lus piav qhia kom raug zoo. Kuv paub tias txhuas tsis zoo rau koj thiab nws yuav raug txwv hauv qee lub tebchaws, kuv cov lus qhia: khaws rau ntawm 60/40 cov laug thaum koj tseem ua tau. Yog tias koj xav siv 'cov hlau lead dawb' cov laug koj yuav xav tau txais kev qhia los ntawm ib tus neeg uas siv nws, feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no tseem yuav siv, koj yuav xav tau cua sov ntau dua. Tau kawg yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nrog nws, ntxuav koj txhais tes tom qab waking, thiab tsis ua pa hauv cov pa taws, qhov no mus rau txhua yam ntawm cov laug. Muaj qee qhov lus qhia tias tsis muaj cov hlau lead yuav ua rau muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov hlau lead, tshwj xeeb yog hauv tsev uas koj tsis tas yuav muaj cov txheej txheem kev rho tawm. Qhov teeb meem yog qhov kub siab dua. xav tau cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm cov pa taws thiab qhov no yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab, tsis noj cov hmoov txhuas (tshwj tsis yog koj tshaib plab tshwj xeeb kuv xav). Koj puas xav tias lawv tau tshem tawm cov laug laug los tiv thaiv hobbyists? nws feem ntau yog kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig vim muaj kev sib kis los ntawm cov hlau lead los ntawm kev lag luam thiab thaum cov khoom lag luam xaus rau hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd yog tias koj yuav tsum tau rov ua haujlwm tsis muaj cov hlau lead ua ke koj yuav muaj teeb meem nrog kev nqa ntawm PCB vim tias xav tau cua sov ntxiv. Cov hlau tsis muaj hmoov lead ua rau koj tsis pom cov pob qij txha, nrog cov kab laug sab laug qhov no ib txwm yog ib qho cim ntawm kev sib koom tsis muaj zog, yog li tsuas yog yuav tsum paub txog qhov no. Ua koj qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab txiav txim siab xaiv, tom qab ntawd ua txhua yam uas koj nyiam nrog. Qhov lwm yam koj yuav xav tau yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau nplawm los yog tib yam hauv tooj dag (muag raws li cov tshuaj ntxhua ntxhua hauv khw), tsis nco qab ntub daim txhuam cev, nws txias qhov taub ntau dhau thiab tsis ntxuav nws kom zoo. Hom scouring pad koj xav tau yog cov uas zoo li lawv tau ua los ntawm cov hlau chais (swarf), tsis yog ntaub plaub. Kuv yuav mus rau hauv cov lus ntxaws ntxaws ntxaws ntxiv tom qab vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tsis txhob ua ntaub ntawv lossis siv cov ntawv xuab zeb ntxhib los ntxuav koj cov lus qhia. Koj yuav tsum muaj tus tuav zoo rau koj cov hlau, thiab tin ntawm cov lus qhia rov ua dua tshiab tsim nyog tau nyiaj, tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis siv tau heev. Nws muaj cov flux thiab cov khoom siv hom tshuaj ntxuav thiab ntxuav thiab 'tins' koj cov lus qhia hauv ib qho nrawm ntawm qhov kub taub. Kuv yuav mus rau hauv 'tinning' cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv tom qab ntawd, nws zoo li mus ua ke nrog cov lus qhia ntxhua khaub ncaws. Kuv pom nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau desolder, Kuv tsis tau nyiam qhov txheej txheem braid, tab sis kuv paub qee tus neeg nyiam siv ob qho tib si. Kuv yeej xav tias tus neeg thov yuav tsum tau txais yam tsawg kawg ntawm qee yam ntawm tus neeg nqus dej nqus ncaj qha, Nws yuav tso koj lub qhov huv zoo thiab tivthaiv thaum koj xav tau rov ua haujlwm qee yam. thaj chaw ua haujlwm thiab khoom los tuav koj txoj haujlwm nyob rau qhov chaw. Xauv tweezers yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm no thiab ib qho ntawm cov ntoo ntoo yog qhov ua tau zoo heev. Kuv muaj qee qhov qhov drilled hauv ib thooj uas kuv tuaj yeem nias lub taub hau ntawm cov potentiometers los tuav lawv thaum siv cov xov hlau. Qee qhov loj dua tuav cov hloov pauv thiab lwm yam thiab qhov sib sib zog nqus ua nrog cov hniav pom yog qhov zoo rau qhov muab cov PCBs rau thaum kuv xav tau cov laug txuas txuas rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm thiab xws li. hlau thiab lub taub hau tu ntaub qhwv (nplawm)

Kauj Ruam 3: Txoj Kev

Yog tias koj muaj cov hlau tsim nyog, cov laug zoo thiab cov tshuaj txhuam koj yog ib nrab tam sim no koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab koj yuav tau txais cov khoom siv sib txuas zoo. yog qhov zoo vim tias nws tiv thaiv oxidising sai li sai tau. Cov txheej no yog qhov laj thawj kuv hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ntaub ntawv lossis xuab zeb koj lub ntsis los ntxuav nws, thaum koj pib qhov ntawd, koj yuav zaum yuav tsum tau ua nws txhua zaus thiab cov lus qhia yuav hnav sai sai. Yog tias koj saib xyuas cov lus qhia, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev. Tam sim no qhov oxidisation no tshwm sim sai sai thaum cov lus qhia kub, koj tuaj yeem pom nws vim tias cov lus taw qhia los ntawm cov nyiaj ci ci mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tsis meej pem, nws ua tau mus rau qhov xim heev thiab tuaj yeem ua tau yuav luag dub Tam sim no qhov teeb meem yog txheej txheej ntawm oxidation txo cov cua sov hloov mus. Qee tus neeg tsis paub tsuas yog qhov cuam tshuam qhov no muaj li cas thiab txuas ntxiv txuas nrog cov hlau hauv lub xeev ntawd. Qhov teeb meem yog, koj yuav tawm tsam kom ua ib leeg sib txuas nrog cov lus qhia zoo li ntawd. Qhov zais cia yog ntxuav nws ua ntej txhua qhov sib koom ua ke. Zoo qee zaum koj tuaj yeem ua ob peb pob qij txha ncaj tom qab ib leeg thiab kuv feem ntau tsawg kawg ua ob lub xov hlau ntawm tus tiv thaiv piv txwv, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem cia li txuas txuas yam tsis tau ntxuav qhov ntxeev. scouring pad ob peb zaug, yog li tsis muaj teeb meem loj. Tab sis yog tias cov hlau tau zaum ob peb feeb koj yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv me ntsis. Koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tom qab ntawd 'tin' lub ntsis. Qhov 'tinning' tiv thaiv qhov oxidation ntawm qhov taub thiab ua nws cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau kub thiab huv. Yog li koj khaws koj cov hlau kub, so qhov ntxeev ntawm daim ntaub nplawm ob peb zaug thiab tom qab ntawd tam sim yaj cov laug mus rau qhov ntxeev rau tin. Tsis txhob txaj muag nrog cov laug, nws pheej yig thiab nws yuav poob ntawm cov lus qhia raws li koj ua nws, tab sis qee qhov yuav lo, yam 'pleev xim' qhov taub nrog cov laug thiab tom qab ntawd so qhov ntau ntawm koj cov nplawm, tom qab ntawd ua koj cov laug pob qij txha tam sim. Yog tias koj muab cov hlau tso rau ib pliag tom qab tinning nws, tej zaum koj tsuas yog xav tau so nws ntawm daim ntaub ntub dua thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv tau. Tab sis tos ntev heev thiab koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tin dua. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj yog lub tswv yim zoo los thauj lub rooj tsavxwm nrog hais txhua tus neeg tawm tsam thiab tom qab ntawd muab lawv txhuam rau hauv ib zaug es tsis txhob tso ib qho rau hauv, muab tshuaj txhuam nws, tso rau lwm qhov ntxiv rau hauv. so huv thiab ua ob peb ntxiv thiab lwm yam Los ntawm txoj kev, koj yuav tsum tau tin cov lus qhia tshiab thawj zaug koj siv nws, ua ntej cov hlau kub thawj zaug cov lus qhia yuav ci, nws ua kom sov thiab pib tsaus ntuj, ntxuav nws thiab tin nws Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj tiag tiag thiab nrog kev coj ua nws yuav dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej thib ob, koj yuav paub thaum twg koj xav tau tin qhov taub thiab thaum twg koj tuaj yeem khiav tawm nrog tsuas yog so nws. Ceev faj txawm tias so nws txaus yuav ib txwm ntxuav nws, tab sis nws yuav ci tom qab so nws, lossis nws yuav oxidise sai heev. Tam sim no cov lus qhia kho dua tshiab kuv tau hais yog qhov zoo rau qhov no, tsis yog tinning cov lus ntev, koj tsuas yog muab nws tso rau hauv cov khoom ua kom rov zoo dua, nws yaj thiab ntxuav thiab tins lub taub hau tam sim ntawd thiab koj tsuas yog muab nws so sai rau ntawm lub scourer thiab mus ntxiv Kuv pom cov lus qhia kho tshiab nyob ntev dua ntawm tinning dua li siv cov laug, yog li nws tsim nyog me ntsis nws raug nqi. Ntxiv rau nws kav ntev. Txheeb xyuas daim duab ze ntawm qhov taub, ib sab saum toj yog oxidised ib qho hauv qab no yog tom qab tinning, nws yuav tsum zoo li qhov no thaum twg los xij koj mus rau qhov muag. Tam sim no lub tswv yim nrog soldering yog koj xav tau ob yam ntawm koj tau koom nrog kub txaus thiab tom qab ntawd qhia cov laug. Tsis txhob ntsaws qhov taub nrog cov laug thiab sim hloov nws mus rau qhov sib koom ua ke. Koj yuav tsum kov ob daim uas koj xav koom nrog cov lus qhia nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thiab tuav nws rau ob peb feeb kom tso lawv kom sov. Tam sim no txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los daws qhov koj yuav tsum tau ua kom sov yog kom nco txog txoj cai yooj yim. Solder ib txwm ntws mus rau cua sov. Yog li tuav koj cov hlau ntawm kev koom tes rau ib lossis ob lossis ob zaug, tom qab ntawd qhia cov laug rau hauv kev koom tes, nws yuav yaj thaum nws kov cov hlau, sai li sai tau thaum koj pom cov kab laug sab ntws mus rau hauv qhov sib koom tes, nqa cov hlau txuas tam sim ntawd. Tsis txhob rub nws tam sim, tsuas yog nqa nws tawm xwb. Tsis muaj qhov sib npaug (kom txog thaum koj paub tias koj tab tom ua dab tsi thiab tuaj yeem khiav nrog nws). Qhov no yuav tsum muaj txhua yam nyob hauv qhov chaw los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav lossis nyob rau hauv nruj lossis nrog clamp, lossis txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum nrog cov hlau kub. Los ntawm txoj kev, kos cov duab kuv muab tso rau hauv cov theem no ntawm qhov piv txwv sib koom, nws yuav tsum zoo li ib yam zoo li qhov no (tsis zoo li kuv tau sim thaij duab tib lub sijhawm) nws yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txuas me ntsis rau cov laug txuas thiab du. Hauv daim duab thib ob koj tuaj yeem pom zoo li cas kuv tab tom tuav lub taub hau mus rau lub ncoo tooj liab thiab tseem tawm tsam tus tiv thaiv cov hlau lead ze rau lub ncoo. Pom qhov loj me ntawm cov lus qhia kuv tab tom siv, nws yog tus txheej txheem txheem hlau los nrog, tsis yog tshwj xeeb. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho khoom loj, nws yog me me (1/4 watt) resistor. Ua kom suav nrog: khaws cov lus ntxig kom huv thiab tinned rau txhua qhov sib koom ua ke, cov laug ib txwm ntws mus rau cua sov.

Kauj Ruam 4: Qee Cov Lus Qhia

Kuv nyiam ua cov laug ua ntev thiab txiav lawv tom qab, Kuv paub qee tus neeg txiav ua ntej thiab qhov no tuaj yeem saib zoo dua thiab ua rau txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Tab sis tab sis kuv pom kev txiav tom qab nrawm dua thiab yooj yim dua thiab yog tias koj siv cov ntse txiav zoo thiab tsis txiav rau hauv qhov sib koom tes, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txoj kab tooj liab/pawm. Yog tias koj xav tias koj yuav muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev puas tsuaj rhiab ib feem nrog cua sov, siv lub dab dej kub. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim xws li clipping tus aligator clip lossis tweezers mus rau cov hlau lead ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas thiab cov khoom siv. Yog tias koj ua lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ntau yam khoom siv, tsuas yog xav txog qhov kev txiav txim koj tso rau hauv. (yog tias lawv tau pw tiaj tus), txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem tig lub rooj tsavxwm hla thiab lawv yuav tuav hauv qhov chaw, sib npaug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab ua haujlwm saum npoo. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom loj tshaj plaws tom ntej thiab ntxiv rau. Qee qhov yuav zaum xav tau lwm cov kev daws teeb meem. Kuv tsis nyiam khoov ua ntau dhau los tuav qhov chaw, nws ua rau nws nyuaj rau tau txais kev sib koom zoo. Kuv thaum kuv hais txog PCBs, yog tias koj laum koj tus kheej lub laug cam, tsis txhob ua qhov ntau dhau loj dua qhov kev tivthaiv ua, kev nruj nruj tsis tsuas yog tuav lawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo dua, nws tawm qhov sib txawv me me. Qhov sib txawv loj yog qhov nyuaj dua los sau nrog cov laug. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cretive tuav qhov chaw thiab muaj ntau qhov kev dag uas kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm qhov no. Yog tias koj ua ib yam dab tsi thiab pom cov koom tsis zoo tshaj plaws, hais tias nws tsuas yog siv ib sab, siv cua sov coj cov laug mus rau qhov nws xav tau, koj yuav xav tau ntxiv me ntsis ntxiv yog tias koj tab tom xaim hlau rau qee yam, xaim cov xaim thiab cov hlua uas koj tab tom muab rau. Txoj kev kuv ua qhov no yog hle lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xaim. Yog tias nws muaj ntau txoj hlua kuv ntswj cov xov ua ke kom lawv nruj nreem. Koj tuaj yeem tso cov hlau xaim rau hauv qee tus tuav lossis lwm yam, tab sis kuv tuav cov xaim thiab cov laug hauv ib sab tes, nrog cov laug txuas nrog lub xaim. Qhov tseeb nws tau kov cov xaim, zaum saum lub xaim liab qab zoo li kuv tab tom yuav xaim xov thiab xaum los ntawm tib rab koob xav. Tom qab ntawd kuv kov cov hlau liab qab los ntawm hauv qab nrog cov hlau txuas thiab khiav cov hlau rov qab tawm mus raws qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau liab qab. Cov laug yaj yaj thiab ntws mus rau hauv cov xaim. Cov hlau tsis nce hauv txoj kab uas hla ntau tab sis cov hlua tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov laug thiab lawv tau lo. Nrog kev xyaum nws yuav siv ob peb feeb. Tsis txhob ntxuav cov laug ntau dhau ntawm koj cov hlau ua ntej koj tua nws thiab muab nws pov tseg, cov laug ntawm qhov taub yuav tiv thaiv nws kom txog thaum koj npaj siv nws dua. Kuv yuav ntxiv qee cov lus qhia ntxiv thaum kuv muaj sijhawm, Kuv vam tias koj pom qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig, nws siv sijhawm me ntsis los sau. Tam sim no mus siv koj cov txuj ci vwm los ua rau koj cov phooj ywg zoo siab thiab ua qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Ua kom suav nrog: koj tau npaj cov kab laum, tawm mus thiab muab tshuaj txhuam