Cov txheej txheem:

Tsim kom muaj Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Me Nyuam Me Me: 14 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Tsim kom muaj Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Me Nyuam Me Me: 14 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: Tsim kom muaj Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Me Nyuam Me Me: 14 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: Tsim kom muaj Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Me Nyuam Me Me: 14 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Video: Nkauj Ntseeg 2023 | "Vajtswv Txoj Kev Txiav Txim Yeej Raug Nthuav Tawm Puv Npo Lawm" | Gospel Choir 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
Tsim Pawg Tswj Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Microcontroller
Tsim Pawg Tswj Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Microcontroller

Koj puas yog tus tsim khoom, nyiam ua haujlwm, lossis hacker txaus siab rau kev nce qib los ntawm cov phiaj xwm perfboard, DIP ICs thiab tsev tsim PCBs mus rau ntau txheej PCBs tsim los ntawm pawg thawj coj tsev thiab SMD ntim khoom npaj rau ntau lawm? Tom qab ntawv cov lus qhia no yog rau koj!

Phau ntawv qhia no yuav nthuav qhia yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau PCB ntau txheej, siv microcontroller dev board ua piv txwv.

Kuv siv KiCAD 5.0, uas yog pub dawb thiab qhib qhov cuab yeej EDA, rau kev tsim cov lej thiab PCB txheej txheem rau pawg dev no.

Yog tias koj tsis paub nrog KiCAD lossis kev ua haujlwm rau PCB txheej txheem, Chris Gamell cov lus qhia hauv YouTube yog qhov chaw zoo nkauj los pib.

Kho: Qee cov duab nthuav dav ntau dhau, tsuas yog nyem rau ntawm daim duab kom pom daim duab tag nrho:)

Kauj Ruam 1: Xav Txog Ntim Ntim Ntim

Xav Txog Ntim Ntim Ntim
Xav Txog Ntim Ntim Ntim

Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (SMDs) tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm PCB los ntawm kev xaiv thiab tso lub tshuab, siv lub tshuab ua cov txheej txheem. Koj tuaj yeem khiav PCB los ntawm lub qhov cub ci rov qab, lossis lub tshuab yoj yoj, yog tias koj tseem muaj dhau los ntawm cov khoom.

Cheebtsam ua rau SMDs me kuj tseem raug txo qis, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam qis dua, inductance thiab EMI, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau RF thiab tsim qauv ntau zaus.

Mus rau ntawm qhov chaw saum npoo av kuj tseem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj zog, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev co thiab ntsuas kev nyuab siab.

Kauj Ruam 2: Xaiv Koj Tus Microcontroller

Xaiv Koj Tus Microcontroller
Xaiv Koj Tus Microcontroller

Hauv plawv ntawm txhua tus tswj hwm microcontroller kev txhim kho, zoo li Arduino thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig, yog microcontroller. Hauv Arduino Uno, qhov no yog ATmega 328P. Rau peb pawg dev, peb yuav siv ESP8266.

Nws yog av av pheej yig, khiav ntawm 80MHz (thiab muaj overclockable rau 160MHz) THIAB muaj lub hauv paus WiFi sib txuas ua ke. Thaum siv los ua tus tswj hwm tus kheej ib leeg, nws tuaj yeem ua qee yam haujlwm kom txog 170x sai dua li Arduino.

Kauj Ruam 3: Xaiv Koj Li USB rau Serial Converter

Xaiv Koj USB rau Serial Converter
Xaiv Koj USB rau Serial Converter

Lub microcontroller yuav xav tau qee txoj hauv kev los cuam tshuam nrog koj lub khoos phis tawj, yog li koj tuaj yeem thauj koj cov haujlwm mus rau nws. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm cov nti sab nraud, uas saib xyuas kev txhais lus ntawm cov cim sib txawv uas siv los ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj, thiab ib qho kev tshaj tawm uas muaj nyob rau feem ntau microcontrollers los ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas lus txuas, xws li UART.

Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb yuav siv FT230X, los ntawm FTDI. USB rau Serial chips los ntawm FTDI zoo li tau txais kev txhawb nqa thoob plaws txhua lub tshuab ua haujlwm, yog li nws yog kev nyab xeeb thawj koom ruam rau pawg dev. Lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv (pheej yig dua) suav nrog CP2102 los ntawm SiLabs thiab CH340G.

Kauj Ruam 4: Xaiv Koj Tus Tswj

Xaiv Koj Tus Tswj
Xaiv Koj Tus Tswj

Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib yuav tsum tau txais lub zog dhau los ntawm qhov chaw - thiab feem ntau koj yuav pom lub zog no muab los ntawm tus tswj hwm linear IC. Kev tswj hwm txoj kab yog pheej yig, yooj yim, thiab thaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li kev hloov pauv lub tswv yim, yuav muab lub zog huv (tsis muaj suab nrov) thiab yooj yim kev koom ua ke.

AMS1117 tus neeg nyiam tshaj tawm txoj cai tswj hwm siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov laug cam, thiab xaiv zoo nkauj rau peb pawg dev thiab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Xaiv Koj Lub Hwj Chim LOSSIS-txheej txheem

Xaiv Koj Lub Hwj Chim LOSSIS-txheej txheem
Xaiv Koj Lub Hwj Chim LOSSIS-txheej txheem

Yog tias koj yuav tso cai rau tus neeg siv lub zog tswj hwm dev los ntawm USB, thiab tseem muab qhov hluav taws xob nkag los ntawm ib qho ntawm tus pin ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, koj yuav xav tau txoj hauv kev xaiv ntawm ob qhov sib tw sib tw. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ua tiav los ntawm kev siv diodes, uas ua haujlwm kom tso cai tsuas yog qhov hluav taws xob nkag siab ntau dua kom dhau thiab ua kom lub zog seem tas li.

Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb muaj ob qho teeb meem schottky, uas suav nrog ob lub schottky diodes ntawm ib pob khoom rau lub hom phiaj no.

Kauj Ruam 6: Xaiv Koj Cov Khoom Siv Sab Nraud (yog tias Muaj)

Xaiv Koj Cov Khoom Siv Sab Nraud (yog tias Muaj)
Xaiv Koj Cov Khoom Siv Sab Nraud (yog tias Muaj)
Xaiv Koj Cov Khoom Siv Sab Nraud (yog tias Muaj)
Xaiv Koj Cov Khoom Siv Sab Nraud (yog tias Muaj)

Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov chips los cuam tshuam nrog koj lub microcontroller xaiv los txhim kho kev siv tau lossis ua haujlwm tau zoo koj cov dev dev muab rau nws cov neeg siv.

Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, ESP8266 tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas sib txuas nkaus xwb, thiab siv tsawg GPIOs.

Txhawm rau daws qhov no, peb yuav ntxiv qhov sib piv sab nraud rau Digital Converter IC, thiab GPIO Expander IC.

Xaiv ADC feem ntau yog kev lag luam tawm ntawm kev hloov pauv lossis nrawm, thiab daws teeb meem. Kev daws teeb meem siab dua tsis tas yuav zoo dua, vim tias cov chips uas muaj cov kev daws teeb meem siab dua vim tias lawv siv cov qauv kev sib piv sib txawv feem ntau yuav muaj tus qauv qis heev. Raug SAR ADCs muaj cov qauv ntsuas ntau dua ntau pua txhiab tus qauv hauv ib pliag, qhov kev daws teeb meem siab dua Delta Sigma ADCs feem ntau tsuas yog muaj peev xwm ntawm cov piv txwv piv txwv ib pliag-ntiaj teb nyob deb ntawm SAR ADCs nrawm dua thiab hluav taws xob nrawm pipelined ADCs.

MCP3208 yog 12-ntsis ADC, nrog 8 analog raws. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm 2.7V-5.5V thiab muaj qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws ntawm 100ksps.

Qhov ntxiv ntawm MCP23S17, qhov nrov GPIO nthuav dav tau tshwm sim hauv 16 GPIO pins dhau los muaj rau siv.

Kauj Ruam 7: Tsim Circuit Court

Tsim Circuit Court
Tsim Circuit Court

Lub zog xa hluav taws xob siv ob lub schottky diodes los muab qhov yooj yim LOS YOG-ua haujlwm rau lub zog tawm tswv yim. Qhov no teeb tsa kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 5V los ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj, thiab txhua yam koj xav muab rau VIN tus pin - tus yeej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws xob tawm sab saum toj thiab muab lub zog rau AMS1117 tus tswj hwm. Kev txo hwj chim SMD LED ua lub luag haujlwm qhia tias lub zog yog qhov tseeb raug xa mus rau lwm pawg thawj coj.

Lub USB interface Circuit Court nta cov hlaws ferrite los tiv thaiv EMI thiab cov suab nrov nrov nrov los ntawm kev xa mus rau tus neeg siv lub khoos phis tawj. Cov kab tawm tsam ntawm cov kab ntawv (D+ thiab D-) muab kev tswj tus nqi qis.

ESP8266 siv GPIO 0, GPIO 2 thiab GPIO 15 raws li cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb, nyeem lawv lub xeev ntawm khau raj txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb puas yuav pib ua haujlwm hom, uas tso cai rau koj sib txuas lus ntau dua rau cov program-lossis flash boot hom, uas pib koj li program. GPIO 2 thiab GPIO 15 yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm logic siab, thiab logic qis, raws li thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem khau raj. Yog GPIO 0 qis dua ntawm kev khau raj, ESP8266 tso tseg kev tswj hwm thiab tso cai rau koj khaws koj cov haujlwm hauv lub cim xeeb nyem cuam tshuam hauv tus qauv. Yog tias GPIO 0 siab dua, ESP8266 tso tawm qhov kev zov me nyuam zaum kawg khaws cia hauv nyem, thiab koj npaj tau yob.

Txog qhov kawg peb cov dev dev muab khau raj thiab rov pib dua, tso cov neeg siv hloov pauv lub xeev ntawm GPIO 0, thiab rov pib dua lub cuab yeej, kom muab lub nti tso rau hauv hom kev xav tau. Ib tus rub tawm tus tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau tias lub cuab yeej xa mus rau hauv hom khau raj ib txwm los ntawm lub neej ntawd, ncaws-pib qhov kev zov me nyuam uas nyuam qhuav khaws cia.

Kauj Ruam 8: PCB Tsim thiab Txheej Txheem

PCB Tsim thiab Txheej Txheem
PCB Tsim thiab Txheej Txheem

Cov txheej txheem PCB dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua thaum muaj kev kub ceev lossis cov cim sib cuam tshuam. Analog ICs tshwj xeeb yog nkag siab txog cov teeb meem suab hauv av. Cov dav hlau hauv av muaj peev xwm muab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov ntxiv rau cov cim qhia txog kev txaus siab, txo cov suab nrov thiab cuam tshuam feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab hauv av.

Cov khoom sib piv yuav tsum raug khaws cia kom deb ntawm kev siv digital nrawm, xws li cov kab ntawv sib txawv uas yog ib feem ntawm USB tus qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv cov teeb liab yuav tsum ua kom luv li sai tau, thiab yuav tsum tau taug qab qhov ntev sib phim. Zam kev tig thiab vias kom txo qhov xav tau thiab qhov cuam tshuam hloov pauv.

Siv lub hnub qub teeb tsa los muab lub zog rau cov cuab yeej (piv txwv tias koj tsis tau siv lub dav hlau fais fab) tseem pab txo suab nrov los ntawm kev tshem tawm txoj kev rov qab los tam sim no.

Kauj Ruam 9: PCB Tshaj Tawm

PCB Stack-Up
PCB Stack-Up

Peb lub rooj tsav khoom dev tau tsim los ntawm 4 txheej PCB pawg, nrog rau lub zog dav hlau tshwj xeeb thiab dav hlau hauv av.

Koj qhov "stack-up" yog qhov kev txiav txim txheej ntawm koj li PCB. Kev teeb tsa txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau EMI kev ua raws ntawm koj tus qauv, nrog rau lub teeb liab kev ncaj ncees ntawm koj lub Circuit Court.

Cov hauv kev los txiav txim siab hauv koj li PCB pawg teeb tsa yuav suav nrog:

  1. Cov nab npawb ntawm txheej
  2. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txheej
  3. Spacing nyob nruab nrab ntawm txheej
  4. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua txheej (teeb liab, dav hlau thiab lwm yam)
  5. Txheej tuab
  6. Nqi

Txhua pawg sib sau muaj nws tus kheej teeb tsa qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. 4 txheej pawg thawj coj yuav tsim tawm kwv yees li 15dB hluav taws xob tsawg dua li 2 txheej tsim. Cov txheej txheem ntau txheej muaj feem ntau yuav ua tiav lub dav hlau hauv av, txo qis qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv av, thiab siv suab nrov.

Kauj Ruam 10: Kev Txiav Txim Siab Ntxiv rau PCB Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Ncaj Ncees Ncaj Ncees

Xav paub ntau ntxiv rau txheej PCB thiab teeb tsa kev ntseeg siab
Xav paub ntau ntxiv rau txheej PCB thiab teeb tsa kev ntseeg siab

Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa yuav tsum yog nyob ze rau ntawm lub zog lossis dav hlau hauv av, nrog qhov nrug deb nruab nrab ntawm cov teeb liab txheej thiab lawv cov dav hlau nyob ze. Qhov no ua kom lub teeb liab rov qab zoo, uas dhau los ntawm kev siv dav hlau.

Lub zog thiab dav hlau hauv av tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm txheej, lossis ua cov ntaub thaiv npog rau txheej sab hauv.

Lub zog thiab lub dav hlau hauv av, thaum tso ib sab ntawm ib leeg, yuav ua rau muaj peev xwm sib hloov hauv lub dav hlau uas ib txwm ua haujlwm rau koj nyiam. Cov peev txheej no ntsuas nrog thaj tsam ntawm koj lub PCB, nrog rau nws qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua, thiab sib piv sib txawv ntawm qhov nrug ntawm cov dav hlau. Lub peev xwm no ua haujlwm tau zoo los ua haujlwm ICs uas muaj cov khoom hloov pauv uas xav tau tam sim no.

Cov cim qhia nrawm yog hom phiaj khaws tseg hauv cov txheej sab hauv ntawm ntau txheej PCBs, kom muaj EMI tsim los ntawm cov kab.

Qhov ntau dua qhov zaus uas tau hais txog ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, qhov nruj dua qhov kev xav tau zoo no yuav tsum tau ua raws. Kev tsim qauv qis yuav zoo li yuav ploj mus nrog cov txheej tsawg dua, lossis txawm tias ib txheej, thaum muaj kev kub ceev thiab tsim qauv RF xav tau ntau qhov kev tsim PCB nyuaj nrog cov phiaj xwm PCB ntau dua.

Kev tsim qauv nrawm, piv txwv li, ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij-uas yog qhov kev soj ntsuam uas nyob hauv qhov ntau zaus, cov dej ntws tam sim no tsis nkag los ntawm tag nrho lub cev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, uas nyob rau hauv lem txhais tau hais tias muaj qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig me me kom nce ntxiv. qhov tuab ntawm tooj liab ntawm qhov ntau zaus, txij li qhov ntim ntxiv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsis siv ib qho hlo li. Txog ntawm 100MHz, daim tawv nqaij qhov tob (tuab ntawm qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib) yog txog 7um, uas txhais tau tias txawm tias tus qauv 1oz. txheej txheej tuab tuab tau siv tsis tau.

Kauj Ruam 11: Ib Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Ntawm Vias

Ib Sab Lus Cim ntawm Vias
Ib Sab Lus Cim ntawm Vias

Vias tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej sib txawv ntawm ntau txheej PCB.

Hom vias siv yuav cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm PCB ntau lawm. Qhov muag tsis pom/burried vias nqi ntau dua rau kev tsim khoom dua los ntawm qhov vias vias. Ib qho dhau los ntawm kev xuas nrig hla tag nrho PCB, txiav tawm ntawm txheej qis tshaj. Cov vias voos tau muab zais rau sab hauv thiab tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog txheej txheej sab hauv, thaum qhov muag tsis pom pib ntawm ib sab ntawm PCB tab sis txiav tawm ua ntej rau lwm sab. Los ntawm qhov vias yog qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom, yog li yog qhov ua tau zoo rau tus nqi-siv los ntawm qhov vias vias.

Kauj Ruam 12: PCB Kev Tsim thiab Ua Ke

PCB Fabrication thiab Assembly
PCB Fabrication thiab Assembly

Tam sim no lub rooj tsavxwm tau tsim, koj yuav xav tso cov ntawv tsim los ua Gerber cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm koj li cuab yeej EDA uas xaiv, thiab xa lawv mus rau lub rooj tsavxwm lub tsev rau kev tsim.

Kuv muaj kuv cov laug cam tsim los ntawm ALLPCB, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv txhua lub rooj tsav khoom khw rau kev tsim. Kuv xav pom zoo siv PCB Tus Kws Lag Luam los sib piv tus nqi thaum txiav txim siab lub tsev pawg thawj coj twg xaiv rau kev tsim khoom - yog li koj tuaj yeem sib piv raws li tus nqi thiab muaj peev xwm.

Qee lub tsev tswj hwm tseem muaj PCB los ua ke, uas koj yuav xav tau yog tias koj xav siv qhov kev tsim no, vim nws siv feem ntau SMD thiab txawm tias QFN qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 13: Nov yog Txhua Tus Neeg

Nov yog Txhua Tus Neeg!
Nov yog Txhua Tus Neeg!

Pawg tswj hwm kev txhim kho no hu ua "Clouduino Stratus", ESP8266 raws li pawg thawj coj dev kuv tsim los txhawm rau nrawm cov txheej txheem ua qauv rau kho vajtse/IOT pib.

Nws tseem yog qhov pib ua ntej ntawm qhov tsim, nrog kev kho tshiab yuav los sai sai no.

Kuv vam tias koj tau kawm ntau yam los ntawm phau ntawv qhia no!: D

Kauj Ruam 14: Ntxiv: Cheeb Tsam, Gerbers, Tsim Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Kev lees paub

[Microcontroller]

1 x ESP12F

[Ib puag ncig]

1 x MCP23S17 GPIO Expander (QFN)

1 x MCP3208 ADC (SOIC)

[Txuas thiab cuam tshuam]

1 x FT231XQ USB rau Serial (QFN)

1 x USB-B Mini Connector

2 x 16-pin Poj niam/Txiv neej lub taub hau

[Lub Hwjchim] 1 x AMS1117-3.3 Tus Tswj (SOT-223-3)

[Lwm tus]

1 x ECQ10A04-F Dual Schottky Barrier (TO-252)

2 x BC847W (SOT323)

7 x 10K 1% SMD 0603 Cov neeg tiv taus

2 x 27 ohm 1% SMD 0603 Cov neeg tiv taus

3 x 270 ohm 1% SMD 0603 Cov neeg tiv taus

2 x 470 ohm 1% SMD 0603 Cov neeg tiv taus

3 x 0.1uF 50V SMD 0603 Capacitor

2 x 10uF 50V SMD 0603 Capacitor

1 x 1uF 50V SMD 0603 Capacitor

2 x 47pF 50V SMD 0603 Capacitor

1 x SMD LED 0603 Ntsuab

1 x SMD LED 0603 Daj

1 x SMD LED 0603 Xiav

2 x OMRON BF-3 1000 THT Tact Hloov

1 x Ferrite Bead 600/100mhz SMD 0603

[Kev lees paub] ADC teeb pom kev zoo ntawm TI App Notes

MCU Benchmark:

Cov duab PCB: Fineline

Pom zoo: