Lub Godot Tshuab: 4 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Dab tsi yog Godot Machine?

Nws yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg kev paub uas peb tuaj yeem pom peb tus kheej hauv lub xeev tos rau qee yam uas yuav tshwm sim thaum kawg tom qab tos ntev, lossis tsis yog tag nrho.

Lub Tshuab Godot yog lub hnub ci ci uas siv hluav taws xob "kos duab" uas sim ua kom lub siab xav tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau tos tsis tau.

Lub npe yog los ntawm Xamuyees Beckett qhov kev ua si nto moo Tos rau Godot, nyob rau hauv uas ob tus txiv neej tos kom los txog ntawm qee yam Godot, leej twg yuav tuaj txog tag kis, hnub tom qab, lossis tsis tau.

Yog li Godot tshuab ua dab tsi?

1. 1. Muab qee lub hnub ci, Joule Thief Circuit pib them lub txhab nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2. 2. Thaum them txog li 5V, Arduino Nano tau siv zog.
3. 3. Arduino tsim tus lej 20-ntsis tseeb, uas tau qhia ntawm 4-ntsis LED bar.
4. 4. Tus lej no tau muab piv rau lwm tus lej tsis raug, tsis paub txhua, uas tau khaws cia hauv eeprom thawj zaug uas lub Circuit pib.
5. 5. Yog tias sib npaug, qhov kev tos tau dhau mus, lub tshuab khaws qhov tseeb no hauv eeprom thiab txij tam sim no ntawm ntsuab LED thiab piezo beeper tau qhib (yog tias muaj lub zog txaus).
6. 6. Yog tsis sib npaug, cia siab, poob siab, rov hais dua.

… kuj, ib zaug dhau ib lub sijhawm tus lej tsim tawm tau ua los ntawm lub suab nrov, yog li koj tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj muaj Godot Tshuab.

Muab hais tias qhov tshwm sim los ntaus tus lej Godot yog 1 hla 2^20 lossis kwv yees li ib ntawm ib lab, thiab lub tshuab tsis nrawm heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws tuaj yeem siv xyoo los nrhiav nws. Koj Lub Tshuab Godot tej zaum yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm koj li qub txeeg qub teg. Thaum tos nws los ntsuas tus lej tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem npau suav txog yuav ua li cas koj cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nyob deb deb thaum kawg pom nws tuaj txog qhov xaus. Hauv ntej: nws yog qhov khoom plig zoo tshaj rau lub caij so uas yuav los tom ntej no!

Kauj ruam 1: Schematic

Lub Godot Tshuab suav nrog:

-A Joule Thief energy harvester (Q1) uas them 9x2200uF capacitors. Rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm helixaphobia (qhov tsis txaus ntseeg npau taws ntawm inductors, thaum lub capacitors thiab resistors tsis muaj teeb meem zoo li no), ntshai tsis yog tsis muaj phau ntawv winding xav tau: kev sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm kev tso tus qauv coaxial inductors hauv ib leeg ib puag ncig raws li pom ntawm no hauv 2nd siv. Ua kom yuam kev!

-Cov hloov hluav taws xob sib cais tsis sib xws (Q2, Q3, Q4), uas hloov ntawm 5V1 txog thiab tawm ntawm ib puag ncig 3.0V. Koj yuav xav hloov R2-R4 me ntsis yog tias koj siv hom sib txawv (hom phiaj dav) transistor.

-Cov tshuab hluav taws xob entropy (Q6, Q7, Q8). Lub tshuab hluav taws xob no nthuav tawm lub suab nrov nrov tam sim no ib puag ncig los ntawm microvolts mus rau qib volts. Lub teeb liab ntawd yog piv rau cov noob chaos-based (nyeem ntawm) tus lej tooj tsim hluav taws xob. Ib txoj hlua ntawm guitar ua raws li tus kav hlau txais xov.

-A LED-bar nrog 4 LEDs lossis 4 liab sib cais LEDs, piezo beeper thiab LED ntsuab.

Nco tseg tias qhov tso tawm ntawm lub zog hloov pauv (tus sau ntawm Q4) txuas nrog 5V tus pin ntawm Arduino Nano, TSIS rau tus pin VIN!

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim Lub Tshuab Godot

Kuv tau tsim lub Circuit Court ntawm ib daim perfboard. Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb nyob ntawd. Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag 2V/200mA yog qhov seem ntawm lwm qhov haujlwm. Lub npe yog Velleman. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau nws qhib nws siv rab riam ntse, txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov ntsia hlau thiab lwm yam. Circuit board thiab lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau ntsia rau ntawm ob daim plywood, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Lub tswv yim yog tias lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub hnub ntawm lub qhov rais tseem.

Kauj Ruam 3: Txoj Cai: Tus Zauv Random Los Ntawm Chaos?

Tus lej zauv tau ua li cas? Zoo, lawv tau Ua Nrog Lej!

Hloov chaw ntawm kev siv Arduino random tus lej generator ua haujlwm random (), Kuv txiav txim siab sau kuv tus kheej Random Number Generator (RNG), tsuas yog rau kev lom zem.

Nws yog ua raws daim ntawv qhia logistic, uas yog qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsis meej pem. Nov yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:

Piv txwv tias x yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 1, tom qab ntawd suav: x*r*(1-x), qhov twg r = 3.9. Qhov tshwm sim yog koj tom ntej 'x'. Rov hais dua ad infinitum. Qhov no yuav muab koj cov lej ntawm 0 thiab 1, zoo li hauv daim duab thawj, qhov twg cov txheej txheem no tau pib rau thawj tus nqi ntawm x = 0.1 (liab) thiab tseem x = 0.1001 (xiav).

Tam sim no ntawm no yog qhov txias: tsis muaj teeb meem li cas koj xaiv ob qhov xwm txheej sib txawv, yog tias lawv tsis sib npaug raws qhov sib luag, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lej yuav kawg nws sib txawv. Qhov no hu ua 'Rhuav siab rau qhov xwm txheej pib'.

Ua lej, daim ntawv qhia kab zauv x*r*(1-x) yog parabola. Raws li tau qhia hauv daim duab thib 2, koj tuaj yeem teeb duab txiav txim siab x-series siv qhov hu ua cobweb kev tsim kho: pib los ntawm x ntawm kab rov tav, nrhiav pom tus nqi ua haujlwm ntawm y-axis, tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam nrog txoj kab ncaj ntawm 45 degrees kaum los ntawm keeb kwm. Rov ua dua. Raws li tau qhia rau xim liab thiab xiav, txawm tias kaw thawj zaug, lawv sib txawv tom qab txog 30 qhov rov ua dua.

Tam sim no, tus lej 'r = 3.9' los qhov twg los? Nws hloov tawm tias rau qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm r, peb tau txais tsuas yog ob qhov sib piv x-qhov tseem ceeb. Ua kom r-parameter nce ntxiv tom qab qee qhov hloov pauv mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm 4, 8, 16 qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lwm yam. Cov ceg ntoo lossis bifurcations tuaj ntau dua thiab nrawm dua li r tau nce, hauv qhov hu ua 'lub sijhawm ob npaug rau txoj kev chaos'. Cov phiaj xwm nrog r ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntau x-iterates sib tshooj ntsug yuav ua rau qhov uas paub tias yog cov phiaj xwm sib cais (daim duab thib 3). Rau r = 3.9, daim ntawv qhia tag nrho chaotic.

Yog li yog tias peb suav ntau qhov hloov tshiab x thiab piv txwv los ntawm lawv, peb tau txais tus lej tsis raug? Zoo tsis yog, ntawm qhov no nws yuav yog Pseudo Random Number generator (PRNG), txij li yog tias peb ib txwm pib los ntawm tib tus nqi pib (tom qab tawm los ntawm kev rov pib dua), peb ib txwm tau txais tib ntu; aka deterministic chaos. Qhov no yog qhov chaw entropy-generator los, uas yog cov noob logistic daim ntawv qhia nrog tus lej tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob suab nrov pom nyob ib puag ncig.

Hauv cov lus, tus lej tus lej tsim hluav taws xob ua qhov no:

- Ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob entropy ntawm tus pin A0. Khaws tsuas yog 4 yam khoom tseem ceeb tsawg kawg nkaus.

- Hloov 4 cov khoom no mus rau qhov 'noob' tus nqi, rov ua dua 8 zaug kom tau 32-ntsis ntab cov noob.

- Hloov cov noob ntawm 0 thiab 1.

- Xam nruab nrab ntawm cov noob no thiab x, lub xeev tam sim no ntawm daim ntawv qhia logistic.

- Ua ntej daim ntawv qhia logistic ntau (64) cov kauj ruam.

- Tshem tawm ib qho me ntsis los ntawm daim ntawv qhia lub xeev x los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qee qhov lej tsis tseem ceeb.

- Hloov qhov me ntsis mus rau qhov txiaj ntsig kawg.

- Rov ua txhua kauj ruam saum 20 zaug.

Nco tseg: Hauv cov cai, Serial.println thiab Serial.begin tsis zoo. Tshem tawm // txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov lej tsim tawm ntawm tus lej saib.

Yuav kom ncaj ncees, Kuv tsis tau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov lej tsis sib xws (piv txwv li NIST chav suite) tab sis lawv zoo li tsis ua li cas.

Kauj Ruam 4: Txaus Siab Rau Koj Lub Tshuab Godot

Txaus siab rau koj Godot Tshuab thiab thov qhia tawm, tawm tswv yim thiab/lossis nug yog tias muaj dab tsi tsis meej.

Thaum koj tab tom tos kom pom tus lej Godot, thov pov npav rau qhov Qhia Qhia hauv Kev Ua Nrog Lej sib tw! Ua tsaug!

Khiav Tawm Hauv Kev Ua Nrog Math Contest