Tes Ntxuav Tshuaj Tua Hluav Taws Xob/DIY [Tsis Tiv Tauj]: 10 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Los ntawm Hesam Moshiri, [email protected]

Nta

1. Kev ruaj ntseg siab thiab tsis muaj kev nkag siab rau lub teeb ib puag ncig
2. Laser-txiav acrylic (plexiglass) enclosure
3. Tus nqi zoo
4. Muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes/cawv (ua haujlwm tau zoo)
5. Cheebtsam hla qhov (yooj yim rau laug)
6. Ib txheej PCB board (yooj yim los tsim)
7. Ib leeg thiab pheej yig ATTiny13 microcontroller
8. Tsawg standby noj tam sim no

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Raws li peb txhua tus paub, COVID-19 tau tshwm sim rau lub ntiaj teb thiab hloov peb txoj kev ua neej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cawv thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes yog qhov tseem ceeb, kim, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw nyuaj rau nrhiav cov kua, yog li, lawv yuav tsum tau siv kom raug thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Hauv qhov thib ob ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav tes ntxuav tes, Kuv tau hais txog cov teeb meem tsim yav dhau los thiab qhia cov cuab yeej uas tsis muaj kev nkag siab rau lub teeb ib puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau dej cawv/tshuaj ntxuav tes. Yog li ntawd tsuas yog txaus cov kua ua kua rau txhua qhov kev thov. Tus tsim siv tus nqi pheej yig ATTiny13 microcontroller.

[A] Kev Txheeb Xyuas Circuit

daim duab 1 qhia txog daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej. Txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas thiab kev tsim qauv, txawm li cas los xij, kuv lub hom phiaj yog tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig, pheej yig, thiab yooj yim Circuit.

Kauj Ruam 1: Daim duab 1, Schematic Diagram ntawm Tus Neeg Siv Tshuaj Ntxuav Tes Tsis Siv Neeg

P2 yog 2-tus txiv neej XH txuas. Nws tau siv los txuas 5mm xiav LED uas yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm lub thawv ntawv thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes/ntim cawv. R5 txwv cov LED tam sim no. U1 yog TSOP1738 [1] lossis HS0038 IR tus txais tus qauv. Nws yog chav ua tiav uas siv rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab IR cov cim. Daim duab 2 qhia txog daim duab thaiv ntawm cov khoom no.

Kauj Ruam 2: Daim duab 2, Thaiv Diagram ntawm TSOP1738 (HS0038) IR Txais Tus Qauv

Tus qauv tuaj yeem lees txais 5V ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab nws siv ib ncig 5mA. Kev siv tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no tso cai rau peb siv lub lim RC yooj yim (C1 thiab R3) txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau (tsis pom tseeb IR teeb liab pom) uas tuaj yeem nkag los ntawm lub suab nrov.

Qhov txiav tawm zaus ntawm cov lim RC saum toj no tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si simulated (xws li LTSpice) lossis tshuaj xyuas hauv kev xyaum. Txhawm rau ntsuas cov lim kev coj ua hauv kev coj ua, Kuv tau siv Siglent SDS1104X-E oscilloscope thiab Siglent SDG1025 lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob. Ob lub cuab yeej no yuav tsum txuas nrog siv USB cable. Daim duab 3 qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus lim dej tus cwj pwm. Cov laij lej lees paub tias qhov txiav tawm zaus ntawm lub lim yog ib puag ncig 112Hz hauv kev xyaum. Yog xav paub ntxiv thov saib cov vis dis aus.

Kauj Ruam 3: Daim duab 3, Xeem RC Lim Tus Cwj Pwm hauv Kev Xyaum los ntawm Bode Plot thiab SDS1104X-E Oscilloscope

R4 yog rub tawm tus tiv thaiv thiab C2 txo U1 cov suab nrov tso tawm. D1 yog 5 hli IR transmitter diode thiab R1 txwv tam sim no rau diode. Tus nqi R1 tuaj yeem nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 150R txog 220R. Kev tiv thaiv qis txhais tau tias muaj ntau qhov kev txheeb xyuas ntau dua thiab rov ua dua. Kuv siv 180R resistor rau R1. Q1 yog 2N7000 [2] N-Channel MOSFET uas siv los hloov ON/OFF D1 IR diode. R2 txwv lub qhov rooj tam sim no.

IC1 yog ATTiny13 [3] microcontroller. Nws yog tus paub thiab pheej yig microcontroller uas muab cov khoom siv tsim nyog rau daim ntawv thov no. PORTB.4 tsim lub voj voos plaub fab rau IR transmitter diode thiab PORTB.3 hnov qhov qhib-qis teeb liab. PORTB.1 siv los xa lub teeb liab qhib rau lub twj tso kua mis. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov mem tes ib leeg no yog txhais cov dej cawv lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes. Q2 yog BD139 [4] NPN transistor uas siv los hloov ON/OFF lub twj tso kua mis. D3 tshem tawm qhov rov qab inductor tam sim no (DC lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub twj tso kua mis) thiab C5 txo cov twj tso kua mis nrov nrov. D2 qhia txog kev ua kom lub twj tso kua mis. R7 txwv cov LED tam sim no. C3, C4, thiab C6 siv los txo cov suab nrov.

[B] Txheej Txheem PCB

Daim duab 4 qhia txog PCB txheej txheem ntawm lub tshuab siv tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis siv neeg. Nws yog ib txheej PCB pawg thawj coj saib thiab txhua qhov khoom ntim tau dhau los ntawm qhov.

Kauj Ruam 4: Daim duab 4, PCB Txheej Txheem ntawm Lub Tshuab Tsis Siv Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws

Kuv siv SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv qiv rau Q1 [5], Q2 [6], thiab IC1 [7]. Lub tsev qiv ntawv SamacSys ib txwm pab kuv kom zam dhau qhov tsis xav tau thiab hla dhau lub sijhawm siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom qiv los ntawm kos. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau nruab thiab siv cov tsev qiv ntawv. Ua ntej, rub tawm thiab teeb tsa lawv los ntawm kev tiv thaivsearchengine.com lossis thib ob los ntawm kev txhim kho lawv ncaj qha siv qhov muab CAD plugins [8]. SamacSys tau muab cov plugins rau yuav luag txhua qhov hluav taws xob tsim CAD software. Hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej, kuv tau siv Altium Designer plugin (Daim duab 5).

Kauj Ruam 5: Daim duab 5, Cov Xaiv Cheebtsam hauv SamacSys Altium Designer Plugin

Daim duab 6 qhia pom daim duab ntawm thawj daim qauv ua haujlwm ntawm pawg thawj coj saib cov tshuaj ntxuav tes. Koj puas pom qhov kev txiav tawm hauv PCB pawg thawj coj saib? Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv ib qho tsis xav tau IR teeb liab txais tos los ntawm U1 tus qauv. Qhov sib txawv no tau ntim nrog ib daim ntawm qhov thaiv.

Kauj Ruam 6: Daim duab 6, Thawj Pawg Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Tshuab Ntxuav Tes

[C] Source Code ntawm Microcontroller

Cov cai tau sau rau hauv C. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cai uas koj "yuav" xav tau hloov kho yog Timer-0 hla kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam ib ntus:

Kauj ruam 7:

"Rooj plaub 15" piav qhia txog kev ncua ua ntej ncua. Kev ncua sijhawm luv luv yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus neeg siv los kho nws txhais tes hauv qab lub sensor thiab lub taub hau. "Rooj plaub 23" piav qhia lub sijhawm ua kom lub twj tso kua mis thiab "rooj plaub 372" piav qhia qhov ncua sijhawm ua ntej yuav ua kom tiav tom ntej. Qhov kev ncua no tso cai sijhawm txaus rau tus neeg siv los sau txhua yam tshuaj ntxuav tes/cawv cawv. Tsis tas li, nws tiv thaiv kev siv lub cuab yeej tsis raug thiab nkim cov nqi kua los ntawm menyuam yaus lossis qee tus neeg. Fusebits yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm 9.6MHz lub moos sab hauv uas tsis muaj lub sijhawm faib.

[D] Laser-Cut Corel Draw Enclosure Design

Daim duab 7 qhia qhov tsim qauv thaiv hauv Corel Draw. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum xa cov ntaub ntawv "sanitizer.cdr" mus rau lub rooj txiav laser/tuam txhab thiab xaj xaj txiav laser rau 2mm matt dub plexiglass (acrylic). Nyuaj plywood kuj zoo.

Kauj Ruam 8: Daim duab 7, Kev Ntxuav Tes Ntxuav Tes Nrog Cov Qauv Hauv Corel Draw

Daim duab 8 qhia txog kev ua tiav lub tshuab ntxuav tes ntxuav tes tsis siv neeg. Koj tuaj yeem teeb lub thawv rau ntawm koj lub thawv uas xav tau. Kuv siv lub khob iav.

Kauj Ruam 9: Daim duab 8, Tsis Siv Neeg Siv Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws Tsis Siv Neeg Nrog Lub Thawv Iav

[E] Nqi ntawm Cov Khoom

Kauj Ruam 10: Nqi Khoom

[F] Cov neeg ua tim khawv

Tau qhov twg los:

[1]: TSOP1738 cov ntaub ntawv:

[2]: 2N7000 cov ntaub ntawv:

[3]: ATTiny13 cov ntawv:

[4]: BD139 cov ntawv teev tseg:

[5]: 2N7000 cov cim cim thiab PCB hneev taw:

[6]: BD139 cov cim cim thiab PCB hneev taw:

[7]: ATTiny13 cov cim cim thiab PCB hneev taw:

[8]: CAD Plugins: