DIY Tsis Tiv Tauj Tes Ntxuav Tes Tsis Muaj Arduino lossis Microcontroller: 17 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Raws li peb txhua tus paub, COVID-19 tau tshwm sim rau lub ntiaj teb thiab hloov peb txoj kev ua neej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, Cawv thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes yog cov dej tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum tau siv kom raug. Kov cov ntim cawv lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj txhais tes kis tau tus kab mob mus rau lwm tus neeg. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav tsim lub tshuab tso tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis siv neeg uas siv IR lub ntsej muag txhawm rau txhawm rau pom tias muaj tes thiab ua kom lub twj tso kua mis tso rau ntawm tes. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau nrhiav qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab daws tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm. Yog li tsis tau siv Microcontroller lossis Arduino. Ob qhov qauv tsim tau qhia thiab koj muaj kev ywj pheej xaiv thiab tsim ib qho ntawm lawv. Thawj qhov tsim siv SMD cov khoom thiab tsim qauv thib ob yog qhov yooj yim dua. Nws siv DIP cov khoom siv ntawm ib txheej me me PCB board.

I. Thawj Tsim:

[A] Kev Txheeb Xyuas Circuit

Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab daim duab qhia hauv daim duab 1. Lub P1 txuas tau siv los txuas 6V rau 12V muab rau hauv Circuit. C6 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau siv los txo qhov muaj peev xwm ua suab nrov. REG-1 yog lub npe nrov AMS1117 [1] LDO tus tswj hwm uas tswj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 5V.

Kauj Ruam 1: Daim duab-1: Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Lub Tshuab Ntxuav Tes Tsis Siv Neeg (Thawj Tsim)

D2 qhia txog kev txuas hluav taws xob kom raug thiab R5 txwv LED tam sim no. D1 yog IR transmitter diode thiab R1 txwv D1 tam sim no, hauv lwm lo lus, nws txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas qhov rhiab. U1 yog tus neeg muaj suab npe 555 [2] timer IC uas tau teeb tsa los txhaj tshuaj 38KHz mem tes rau D1 (tus xa tawm) diode. Los ntawm tig lub R4 potentiometer, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov zaus. C1 thiab C2 tau siv los txo suab nrov. U2 yog TSOP1738 IR tus txais [3]. Raws li TSOP17XX cov ntaub ntawv: “TSOP17XX series yog cov tau txais me me rau cov duab hluav taws xob tswj chaw taws teeb. PIN diode thiab preamplifier tau sib sau ua ke ntawm cov hlau lead, pob epoxy tau tsim los ua IR lim. Lub teeb liab tso tawm tau ncaj qha tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm microprocessor. TSOP17.. yog tus txheej txheem IR chaw taws teeb tswj tau txais, txhawb txhua qhov kev xa xov loj. " TSOP1738 qhia txog qhov ua haujlwm qis-tso zis. Nws txhais tau tias tus pin tso tawm ntawm U2 mus qis nrog qhov pom ntawm 38KHz IR teeb. Yog li kuv tau siv P-Channel NDS356 MOSFET pheej yig [4] los tsav DC lub cev muaj zog (tso kua). D4 yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv diode tiv thaiv cov dej ntws rov qab ntawm lub cav thiab C8 txo qis lub cav lub suab nrov. D3 yog LED uas qhia txog IR txais tos thiab qhib lub twj tso kua mis. C4 thiab C5 tau siv los txo cov suab nrov.

[B] Txheej Txheem PCB

Daim duab 2 qhia txog PCB txheej txheem. Raws li nws tau pom meej, txhua yam tshwj tsis yog IR transmitter diode thiab TSOP IR tus txais yog SMD.

Kauj Ruam 2: Daim duab-2: PCB Txheej Txheem ntawm Lub Tshuab Tsis Siv Tshuaj Ntxuav Tes (thawj Tsim)

Kuv siv SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv tiv thaiv (Cov Cim Cim thiab PCB Cov Hneev Taw) rau AMS1117-5.0 [5], LM555 [6], TSOP1738 [7], thiab NDS536AP [8]. SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv yog pub dawb thiab ua raws IPC tus qauv hneev taw. Siv cov tsev qiv ntawv no txo qis lub sijhawm tsim thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim qauv tsis raug. Txhawm rau teeb tsa cov tsev qiv ntawv koj tuaj yeem siv tau CAD plugin [9] (daim duab 3) lossis rub tawm lawv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv-tshawb-tshuab. Kuv siv Altium Designer, yog li kuv nyiam siv Altium plugin.

Kauj Ruam 3: Daim duab-3: SamacSys Txhawb CAD Plugins thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Altium Designer's Plugin

Daim duab 4 thiab daim duab 5 qhia pom 3D ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj saib

Kauj Ruam 4: Daim duab-4: 3D Pom Los Ntawm PCB Pawg Thawj Coj (sab saum toj)

Kauj Ruam 5: Daim duab-5: 3D Pom Los Ntawm PCB Pawg Thawj Coj (hauv qab)

[C] Sib dhos thiab TestNothing tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib dhos. Txhua yam khoom tshwj tsis yog TR thiab RE sensors yog SMD. Kuv muaj lub hom phiaj xav sim qhov kev sib tw sai, yog li kuv siv PCB ib nrab ua hauv tsev tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj thiab lub qhov muag. Koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua nrog cov kws tshaj lij tsim PCB pawg thawj coj:-). Daim duab 6 qhia txog tus qauv.

Kauj Ruam 6: Daim duab-6: Daim Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Cov Tshuaj Tua Hluav Taws Xob (ua ntej tsim) ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj PCB

Tom qab sib dhos, sim kho R1 thiab R4 txhawm rau nrhiav qhov haum zoo tshaj plaws thiab tshawb pom ntau yam. R1 txhais IR lub zog (thaj tsam) thiab R4 txhais qhov kis tau tus mob.

Kauj Ruam 7: [D] Cov Nqi Khoom

II. Thib Ob Tsim

[A] Kev Txheeb Xyuas Circuit

Daim duab 7 qhia txog daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej. Lub P3 txuas tau siv los txuas rau +5V cov khoom siv rau hauv Circuit Court. C4 thiab C5 capacitors tau siv los txo cov suab nrov nkag. IC1 yog lub plawv ntawm Circuit Court. Nws yog lub npe LM393 sib piv [10].

Kauj Ruam 8: Daim duab-7: Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Lub Tshuab Tsis Siv Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws Tsis Siv Neeg (Tsim Ob Yam)

Raws li LM393 cov ntaub ntawv: “LM393 series yog ob qho kev ywj pheej ywj pheej sib piv qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm ib leeg lossis faib khoom lag luam. Cov cuab yeej no tau tsim los tso cai ua hom sib txawv? Mus rau theem hauv av nrog kev ua haujlwm nkaus xwb. Tawm tswv yim tawm qhov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb qis li 2.0 mV ua rau lub cuab yeej no xaiv tau zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov hauv cov neeg siv khoom, tsheb, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob."

Nws yog IC pheej yig thiab yooj yim. Feem ntau, kuv qhia koj yog tias koj daim ntawv thov yog tus sib piv, tsuas yog siv cov sib piv sib piv tsis yog OPAMPs. Peb siv thawj qhov sib piv ntawm cov nti thiab R3 potentiometer piav qhia qhov pib ua haujlwm. C2 txo cov suab nrov uas tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm tus pin nruab nrab ntawm lub hwj chim. D1 yog IR transmitter thiab D2 yog IR receiver diode. D2 txuas nrog tus lej tsis zoo (-) ntawm tus sib piv kom muab piv nrog tus lej zoo (+) qhov hluav taws xob. Tus pin tso tawm ntawm tus sib piv yog nquag-qis, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo dua los rub-up siv R4.

Q1 yog lub npe nrov BD140 PNP transistor [11] uas tsav lub twj tso kua mis (DC lub cev muaj zog) thiab D3 LED. D4 yog thim rov qab tiv thaiv diode thiab C3 txo lub twj tso kua mis inductive suab nrov kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv Circuit Court. Thaum kawg, P1 tau siv los txuas rau lub hli 5 hli LED los qhia qhov kev sib txuas fais fab raug.

[B] Txheej Txheem PCB

Daim duab 8 qhia txog PCB txheej txheem ntawm qhov tsim thib ob. Nws yog ib txheej PCB board thiab txhua qhov khoom siv yog DIP. Yooj yim yooj yim rau txhua tus los tsim DIY no hauv tsev sai.

Kauj Ruam 9: Daim duab-8: PCB Txheej Txheem ntawm Lub Tshuab Tsis Siv Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws Tsis Siv Neeg (tsim thib ob)

Zoo ib yam li thawj qhov tsim, Kuv siv SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv tiv thaiv (Cov cim cim thiab PCB hneev taw) rau LM393 [12], thiab BD140 [13]. SamacSys cov tsev qiv ntawv yog dawb thiab ua raws IPC tus qauv hneev taw. Txhawm rau teeb tsa lub tsev qiv ntawv koj tuaj yeem siv tau CAD plugin [9] (daim duab 9) lossis rub tawm lawv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv-tshawb-tshuab. Siv cov tsev qiv ntawv no txo qis lub sijhawm tsim thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim qauv tsis raug. Kuv siv Altium Designer CAD software, yog li kuv nyiam teeb tsa Altium plugin.

Kauj Ruam 10: Daim duab-9: SamacSys Txhawb CAD Plugins thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Altium Designer's Plugin

Daim duab 10 qhia pom 3D pom los ntawm pawg thawj coj PCB.

Kauj Ruam 11: Daim duab-10: 3D Pom Los Ntawm PCB Pawg Thawj Coj (sab saum toj)

[C] Sib dhos thiab Xeem

Daim duab 11 qhia txog PCB pawg thawj coj. Nws yog pawg thawj coj hauv PCB ib nrab hauv tsev uas kuv tau siv los ntsuas qhov tswvyim sai. Koj tuaj yeem xaj nws rau kev tsim khoom. Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv tshuaj txhuam. Txhua lub Cheebtsam yog DIP. Yooj yim yooj yim. Tsuas yog ua:-). Qhov kev tsim no yooj yim dua thiab txawm tias pheej yig dua li qhov tsim thawj. Yog li kuv ua raws qhov no thiab ua tiav cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav tes kom huv.

Kauj Ruam 12: Daim duab-11: Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm Cov Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws (Tsim Tus Qauv thib ob) ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj PCB

Daim duab 12 qhia pom lub twj tso kua mis xaiv. Qhov no yog tej zaum qhov pheej yig tshaj hauv khw, txawm li cas los xij, Kuv txaus siab nrog nws txoj haujlwm.

Kauj Ruam 13: Daim duab-12: Xaiv Cov Kua Dej Ua Kom Dej Txau Tes Ua Kua Dej

Thaum kawg, daim duab 13 qhia txog lub tshuab ntxuav tes kom huv. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov iav lossis thawv yas uas zoo sib xws, xws li lub khob yas kas fes ntim khoom. Qhov kuv xaiv yog lub khob ntim kua ntses:-). Kuv siv cov tooj liab yooj yim los khoov thiab tuav lub qhov dej. Tig R3 potentiometer los ntawm qib qis tshaj plaws, thiab nce me ntsis kom ua tiav qhov koj xav tau ntau yam. TSIS TXHOB ua rau nws rhiab heev vim lub twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam!

Kauj Ruam 14: Daim duab-13: Ua tiav DIY ntawm Lub Tshuab Ntxuav Tes

Daim duab 14 qhia lub dispenser hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Xiav LED lub teeb (P1) muab qhov pom zoo nkauj uas yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm lub hau ntim khoom.

Kauj Ruam 15: Daim duab-14: Tshuaj Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws Pom Hauv Qhov Tsaus

Kauj Ruam 16: [D] Cov Nqi Khoom

Kauj Ruam 17: Cov neeg ua tim khawv

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:

[1]: AMS1117-5.0 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[2]: LM555 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[3]: TSOP1738 Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

[4]: NDS356 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[5]: AMS1117-5.0 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev Taw:

[6]: LM555 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB hneev taw:

[7]: TSOP1738 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev Taw:

[8]: NDS356 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB Hneev Taw:

[9]: CAD Plugins:

[10]: LM393 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[11]: BD140 Cov Ntawv Teev Npe:

[12]: LM393 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB hneev taw:

[13]: BD140 Schematic Symbol thiab PCB hneev taw: