Arduino Learner Kit (Qhib Qhov Chaw): 7 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Yog tias koj yog tus pib hauv Arduino World thiab mus kawm Arduino muaj qee qhov kev coj ua ntawm qhov kev qhia no thiab Cov Khoom Siv no yog rau koj. Cov Khoom Siv no tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov kws qhia uas nyiam qhia Arduino rau lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv txoj hauv kev yooj yim.

Yog tias koj xav kawm Arduino koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ncauj lus hauv qab no:

Cov Zis:

• Tswj ntau LEDs siv Arduino
• Kev Tsim Tone siv Buzzer

Cov tswv yim digital:

• Interfacing khawm hloov siv Arduino
• Kev cuam tshuam DHT11 Sensor Siv Arduino

Analog tswv yim:

• Nyeem Analog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub hwj chim
• Kev cuam tshuam LM35 ntsuas kub siv Arduino

Analog Output (siv PWM):

Tsim ntau xim siv RGB LED

Kev sib txuas lus SPI:

• Sib cuam tshuam 74HC595 Hloov Ua Haujlwm Sau Npe nrog Arduino
• Kev cuam tshuam MAX7219CNG nrog Arduino rau kev tsav tsheb DOT Matrix zaub lossis ntau xya ntu ntu siv tsuas yog 3 tus pin ntawm Arduino.

I2C Kev Sib Txuas Lus:

Nyeem hnub thiab sijhawm los ntawm DS1307 lub sijhawm tiag tiag

UART Kev Sib Txuas Lus:

Sib cuam tshuam GROVE GPS thiab Bluetooth Module nrog Arduino

Zaub Interfacing:

Tsav 16 X 2 Cim LCD zaub siv Arduino

Multiplexing:

Tsav ntau ntau xya ntu qhia siv tsawg kawg ntawm Arduino pins

Koj yuav xav tsis thoob kom paub tias Cov Khoom Siv tau tsim los sim nrog txhua cov ncauj lus saum toj no. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem yog Cov Qauv Kawm Tau Zoo rau kev kawm Arduino Programming

[Cov Khoom suav nrog onboard 6 Green LED, 1 RGB LED, 1 Potentiometer, 1 LM35 Sensor, 1 DHT11 Sensor, 4 Button Switch, 4 Seven Segment Display, 1 8X8 Dot Matrix Display, 1 MAX7219CNG IC, 1 74HC595 Shift Register, 1 Buzzer, 1 16X2 LCD zaub, 1 DS1307 RTC, 3 Grove Universal Connector.]

Tsis muaj cov ntaub thaiv npog lossis cov qauv sib cais ntau dua, tsis muaj kev quab yuam kev txuas ntxiv ntawm txoj kev kawm Arduino

Saib cov vis dis aus video:

Kauj Ruam 1: Nqi Khoom Siv (BOM)

Cov Cheeb Tsam hauv qab no yuav xav tau los ua Cov Khoom Siv:

Sl. Tsis yog	Cheeb Tsam Lub Npe	Ntau npaum li cas	Yuav qhov twg
1.	Arduino Nano Cov	1	gearbest.com
2.	16 X 2 Cim LCD	1	gearbest.com
3.	32mm 8 X 8 Tib Xim Dot Matrix Zaub	1	gearbest.com
4.	0.56 nti 4 Digit Seven Segment Display (CC)	1	aliexpress.com
5.	DHT11 Kub & Vaum Sensor	1	gearbest.com
7.	LM35 Kub Sensor	1	aliexpress.com
8.	5 hli LED	6
9.	10K Potentiometer	1	aliexpress.com
10.	5K Trim lauj kaub	1
11.	MAX7219 LED tsav IC	1	aliexpress.com
12.	74HC595 Hloov Chaw Sau Npe IC	1	aliexpress.com
13.	DS1307 RTC IC	1	aliexpress.com
14.	BC547 Lub Hom Phiaj Loj NPN Transistor	4
15.	LM7805 5V Linear Regulator IC	1
16.	6mm Tactile Khawm Hloov	4
17.	RGB LED (Piranha) Hom Anode	1
18.	5V Piezo Buzzer	1
19.	CR2032 Npib Cell Roj Teeb	1
20.	4 Tiv tauj DIP Hloov	1
21.	16 Pin IC Base	1
22.	8 Pin IC Base	1
23.	24 Pin IC Base	1
24.	Universal Grove Connector	3
25.	CR2032 Roj Teeb Nrog	3
26.	Poj Niam Pin Header	4
27.	Txiv neej Pin Header	1
28.	220 Ohm tus tiv thaiv	20
29.	4.7K Kuj	6
30.	100 Ohm tus tiv thaiv	1
31.	10K Ohm tus tiv thaiv	5
32.	4.5 X 5 nti ob tog tooj liab clad board	1	gearbest.com

Cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yuav xav tau:

Sl. Tsis yog	Lub Npe Lub Npe	Ntau npaum li cas	Yuav qhov twg
1.	Qhov Chaw Nres Tsheb	1	gearbest.com
2.	Digital Multimeter	1	gearbest.com
3.	PCB Claw	1	gearbest.com
4.	Hlau Cutter	1	gearbest.com
5.	Desoldering suction twj tso kua mis	1	gearbest.com

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim Schematic

Nov yog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua cov khoom siv. Kev ua tiav Circuit Court thiab board tau tsim los siv Eagle cad. Kuv ua cov phiaj xwm ib feem kom nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tau yooj yim thiab koj tuaj yeem hloov kho nws yooj yim raws li qhov koj xav tau.

Hauv ntu no, kuv yuav piav qhia txhua ntu cais.

LCD Kev Sib Txuas

Hauv ntu no, Kuv yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas txuas lub LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) mus rau Arduino board. LCDs zoo li cov no yog nrov heev thiab siv dav hauv cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob vim lawv zoo rau tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas los ntawm koj txoj haujlwm, thiab lawv kuj pheej yig heev.

Nws muaj 16 tus pin thiab thawj tus los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis yog Ground pin. Tus pin thib ob yog VCC uas peb txuas rau 5 volts tus pin ntawm Arduino Board. Tom ntej no yog Vo tus pin uas peb tuaj yeem txuas lub hwj chim rau kev tswj qhov sib piv ntawm cov zaub.

Ntxiv mus, RS tus pin lossis sau npe xaiv tus pin tau siv rau kev xaiv seb peb yuav xa cov lus txib lossis cov ntaub ntawv mus rau LCD. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus pin RS tau teeb tsa hauv lub xeev qis lossis xoom volts, tom qab ntawd peb tab tom xa cov lus txib mus rau LCD xws li: teeb tus cursor mus rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, tshem tawm cov zaub, tua cov zaub thiab lwm yam. Thiab thaum RS tus pin tau teeb tsa hauv Lub Xeev Siab lossis 5 volts peb tab tom xa cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov cim mus rau LCD.

Tom ntej no los R / W tus pin uas xaiv hom seb peb yuav nyeem lossis sau rau hauv LCD. Ntawm no hom kev sau yog pom tseeb thiab nws tau siv rau kev sau lossis xa cov lus txib thiab cov ntaub ntawv mus rau LCD. Hom nyeem tau siv los ntawm LCD nws tus kheej thaum ua tiav qhov haujlwm uas peb tsis tas yuav xav tau los tham txog nws hauv qhov kev qhia no.

Tom ntej yog E tus pin uas ua rau sau ntawv mus rau npe, lossis txuas ntxiv 8 cov ntaub ntawv pins los ntawm D0 txog D7. Yog li los ntawm cov pins no peb xa 8 cov ntaub ntawv thaum peb sau rau hauv cov npe lossis piv txwv yog tias peb xav pom cov ntawv loj tom kawg A ntawm cov zaub peb yuav xa 0100 0001 mus rau npe raws li ASCII cov lus.

Thiab kawg ob tus pin A thiab K, lossis anode thiab cathode yog rau LED teeb pom kev zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, peb tsis tas yuav txhawj ntau txog yuav ua li cas LCD ua haujlwm, raws li Lub Tsev Qiv Crystal Liquid saib xyuas yuav luag txhua yam. Los ntawm Arduino lub vev xaib raug cai koj tuaj yeem pom thiab pom lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv uas ua kom yooj yim siv LCD. Peb tuaj yeem siv Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv hauv 4 lossis 8-ntsis hom. Hauv cov khoom siv no, peb yuav siv nws hauv 4-ntsis hom, lossis peb tsuas yog siv 4 ntawm 8 tus pin cov ntaub ntawv.

Yog li, los ntawm cov lus piav qhia saum toj no, kev sib txuas hauv Circuit yog pom tseeb. Daim ntawv lo LCD los ntawm qhov hloov pauv tau los ntawm qhov uas LCD tuaj yeem qhib lossis xiam oob qhab. Anode tus pin txuas nrog los ntawm 220ohm resistor los tiv thaiv lub teeb pom kev coj los ntawm kev kub nyhiab. Qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv tau muab rau VO tus pin ntawm LCD los ntawm 10K potentiometer. R/W tus pin txuas nrog hauv av thaum peb tsuas yog sau rau LCD. Rau kev nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Arduino peb yuav tsum txuas RS, E, DB4-DB7 pins rau Arduino yog li cov pins no txuas nrog 6 tus pin txuas.

Xya Segment Display Kev Sib Txuas

Xya-ntu zaub (SSD), lossis xya-ntu qhia, yog daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv los tso saib cov lej lej uas yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau qhov nyuaj nyuaj teev cov lej. Cov lus qhia xya-ntu tau siv dav hauv cov moos digital, ntsuas hluav taws xob, lub laij lej yooj yim, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj.

Hauv Cov Khoom Siv no kuv siv 4 tus lej 7 ntu tso saib thiab cov txheej txheem sib npaug yuav siv rau kev tswj cov zaub. 4-tus lej 7-ntu LED zaub muaj 12 tus pin. 8 ntawm tus pin yog rau 8 LEDs ntawm txhua ntawm 7 ntu qhia, uas suav nrog A-G thiab DP (tus lej cim lej). Lwm tus lej 4 tus sawv cev rau txhua tus ntawm 4 tus lej los ntawm D1-D4.

Txhua ntu hauv cov qauv tso tawm yog sib npaug, txhais tau tias nws sib koom tib qho anode txuas cov ntsiab lus. Thiab txhua ntawm plaub tus lej hauv tus qauv muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntsiab lus sib txuas cathode. Qhov no tso cai rau txhua tus lej raug qhib lossis tawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li, cov txheej txheem sib txuam no hloov pauv qhov ntau ntawm microcontroller pins tsim nyog los tswj cov zaub rau hauv kaum ib lossis kaum ob (qhov chaw peb caug-ob)!

Dab tsi multiplexing ua tau yooj yim - qhia ib tus lej ntawm ib lub sijhawm ntawm chav tso saib thiab hloov ntawm cov khoom tso tawm sai heev. Vim tsis pom kev tsis tu ncua, tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tso saib yog ON/OFF. Tib neeg lub qhov muag tsuas yog pom tag nrho 4 chav tso saib kom nyob tau txhua lub sijhawm. Cia peb hais tias peb yuav tsum tau qhia 1234. Ua ntej peb tig rau ntu ntu cuam tshuam nrog “1” thiab qhib rau chav tso khoom thib 1. Tom qab ntawd peb xa cov cim qhia kom pom "2", tua lub tsev tso khoom thib 1 thiab qhib lub tsev tso khoom thib ob. Peb rov ua cov txheej txheem no rau ob tus lej tom ntej thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrawm heev (txog li ib pliag ncua thib ob). Raws li peb lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov hloov pauv tshwm sim ntau dua rau ib qho khoom hauv 1 thib ob, qhov peb pom yog 1234 tshwm ntawm cov zaub tib lub sijhawm.

Yog li, los ntawm kev txuas cov lej sib xws cathodes rau hauv av peb tab tom tswj hwm tus lej uas yuav tsum tau qhib. Txhua tus pin Arduino tuaj yeem ntws (tau txais) siab tshaj 40 mA tam sim no. Yog tias txhua tus lej ib feem tau nyob, peb muaj 20 × 8 = 160 mA uas yog ntau, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem txuas cov cathodes ib txwm ncaj qha rau Arduino cov chaw nres nkoj. Yog li kuv tau siv BC547 NPN transistors ua qhov hloov pauv. Lub transistor nyob, thaum qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo tau thov ntawm lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau txwv qhov tam sim no kuv siv 4.7K resistor rau lub hauv paus ntawm transistor.

DS1307 RTC Kev Sib Txuas

Raws li nws lub npe qhia, lub sijhawm tiag tiag siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg thiab tso tawm lub sijhawm. Nws tau siv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li khoos phis tawj, saib hluav taws xob, ntsuas hnub tim thiab qhov xwm txheej uas koj xav tau kom taug qab lub sijhawm. ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag yog tias nws tseem khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm txawm tias lub zog tsis muaj. Tam sim no lo lus nug yog yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li lub sijhawm teev ua haujlwm tsis siv lub zog siv. Vim tias nws muaj lub zog me me ntawm kwv yees li 3-5 volt sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo. Vim tias lub sijhawm tiag tiag siv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog. Muaj ntau qhov kev sib koom ua ke muaj nyob hauv khw uas yog siv los ua lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog. Tab sis hauv Cov Khoom Kuv siv DS1307 lub sijhawm tiag IC.

DS1307 yog IC rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag uas yog siv los suav vib nas this, feeb, teev, hnub, hli, xyoo twg. Arduino nyeem qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm thiab hnub tim los ntawm DS1307 siv I2C kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Nws kuj tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los khaws cov sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub zog tsis ua haujlwm. Nws yog 8 ntsis IC. Nws tau siv los ua lub sijhawm tiag tiag siv qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tus pin teeb tsa ntawm DS1307 tau muab hauv qab no:

Tus lej tus lej ib thiab ob (X1, X2) yog siv rau siv lead ua oscillator. Crystal oscillator tus nqi feem ntau siv nrog DS1307 yog 32.768k Hz. Pin peb yog siv rau rov qab roj teeb. Nws tus nqi yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 3-5 volt. qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua 5 volts tuaj yeem hlawv DS1307 mus tas li. Feem ntau, cov roj teeb ntawm tes tau siv los taug qab lub sijhawm thaum lub zog tsis ua haujlwm rau DS1307. Tom qab tau txais lub zog DS1307 qhia lub sijhawm raug vim rov qab roj teeb. Tus Pin 4 thiab 8 yog rau lub hwj chim. Pin 5 thiab 6 yog siv los sib txuas lus nrog lwm cov khoom siv nrog kev pab los ntawm I2C kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Tus pin 5 yog tus lej xov tooj tus lej (SDA) thiab tus lej 6 yog lub moos txuas (SCL). Ob lub pins yog qhib qhov dej ntws thiab xav tau sab nraud rub tawm tus tiv thaiv. Yog tias koj tsis paub txog I2C kev sib txuas lus, kuv pom zoo kom koj kawm txog nws. Tus Pin 7 SWQ/OUT Square Wave/Driver Output. Thaum qhib, SQWE teeb tsa me me rau 1, SQW/OUT tus pin tso tawm ib ntawm plaub lub xwmfab yoj zaus (1Hz, 4kHz, 8kHz, 32kHz). Tus SQW/OUT tus pin qhib qhib thiab xav tau lub zog rub tawm sab nraud. SQW/OUT ua haujlwm nrog VCC lossis VBAT thov. LED thiab 220 ohm resistor hauv koob txuas rau VCC yuav tsim 1 HZ ntsais muag. Nov yog txoj hauv kev zoo los qhia yog tias lub moos nti ua haujlwm.

74HC595 Hloov Chaw Sau Npe Txuas

74HC595 muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias koj pom koj tus kheej xav tau cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua li koj muaj ntawm koj lub microcontroller; Nws yog lub sijhawm los xav txog kev siv daim ntawv teev npe ua haujlwm hloov pauv xws li cov nti no.

Siv ob peb yam ntawm koj cov microcontroller uas twb muaj lawm koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau 595's los nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv ntau ntawm 8; 8 qhov txiaj ntsig rau 595. Thaum koj ntxiv ntau dua 595s koj tsis siv ntau ntxiv ntawm koj cov microcontroller tso zis pins uas twb muaj lawm.

74HC595 yog daim ntawv teev npe-rau-ua haujlwm sib pauv hloov pauv lossis SIPO (Serial In Parallel Out) ntaus ntawv kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov zis los ntawm koj lub microcontroller. Nws tsuas yog lub cim xeeb ntaus ntawv uas khaws cov ntawv me me rau nws. Ntawm txhua lub moos teeb liab cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau mus raws txoj saw ntawm d-hom-qhov tso tawm ntawm txhua hom d-hom pub rau hauv cov tswv yim tom ntej.

Txhawm rau pib nrog 74HC595, tus pin 16 (VCC) thiab 10 (SRCLR) yuav tsum txuas nrog 5V thiab tus pin 8 (GND) thiab 13 (OE) yuav tsum txuas nrog hauv av. Qhov no yuav tsum khaws IC mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Pin 11, 12, thiab 14 yuav tsum txuas nrog peb tus lej digital ntawm Arduino rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau IC los ntawm Arduino.

Dot Matrix thiab MAX7219CNG Kev Sib Txuas

Dot Matrix yog ob kab qauv ua qauv LED teeb, uas yog siv los sawv cev rau cov cim, cim, thiab cov duab. Yuav luag tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub siv siv dot matrices suav nrog xov tooj ntawm tes, TV thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj yog tus neeg uas nyiam ua si ib puag ncig nrog LEDs, dot matrix zaub yog rau koj.

Ib qho piv txwv 8x8 Dot Matrix chav tsev muaj 64 LEDs teeb tsa hauv lub dav hlau. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais koj txhais tes ntawm ob hom Dot Matrices. Ib qho uas los ua ib qho yooj yim matrix uas muaj 16 tus pin los tswj kab thiab kab ntawm kab. Qhov no yuav siv ntau cov xov hlau thiab tej yam tuaj yeem ua rau ntau qhov tsis meej pem.

Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim cov no, nws tseem muaj kev koom ua ke nrog MAX7219 Tsav Tsheb, uas muaj 24 tus pin. Thaum kawg koj muaj 5 tus pin txuas rau koj I/O uas ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua. Muaj 16 kab tso tawm los ntawm 7219 tsav 64 tus neeg LEDs. Kev nyob ruaj khov ntawm lub zeem muag tau siv los ua cov LEDs tshwm sim rau txhua lub sijhawm thaum qhov tseeb lawv tsis yog. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tswj qhov ci ntawm LEDs los ntawm txoj cai.

Qhov IC me me no yog 16 ntsis hloov pauv rau npe. Thawj 8 cov khoom qhia kom meej cov lus txib thiab seem 8 seem yog siv los qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau cov lus txib. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm MAX7219 tuaj yeem sau ua ke raws li hauv qab no: Peb paub tias peb lub qhov muag nco lub teeb nyem txog 20ms. Yog li Tus Tsav Tsheb teeb lub LEDs ntawm tus nqi ntau dua 20ms uas ua rau peb xav tias lub teeb tsis ploj mus. Ua li no, 16 tus pin tswj 64 LEDs.

VCC thiab GND ntawm tus qauv mus rau 5V thiab GND pins ntawm Arduino thiab peb lwm tus pin, DIN, CLK thiab CS mus rau ib tus lej pin ntawm Arduino board. Yog tias peb xav txuas ntau dua ib qho qauv peb tsuas yog txuas cov pins tso tawm ntawm pawg thawj coj ua txhaum yav dhau los mus rau cov pins nkag ntawm tus qauv tshiab. Qhov tseeb cov pins no zoo ib yam tsuas yog DOUT tus pin ntawm pawg thawj coj saib dhau los mus rau DIN tus pin ntawm pawg thawj coj saib tshiab.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim Pawg Txheej Txheem (PCB)

Yog tias koj xav ua koj tus qauv tsim kom txaus nyiam dua, tom qab ntawd PCBs yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Nrog kev pab los ntawm PCBs, peb tuaj yeem zam qhov teeb meem tshwm sim xws li suab nrov, cuam tshuam, kev sib cuag tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam.

Tab sis, ntau tus neeg, tshwj xeeb yog cov pib, yuav pom nws nyuaj rau tsim cov phiajcim Circuit Circuit raws li lawv xav tias nws yog txoj haujlwm tsis txaus siab thiab xav tau kev paub ntau hauv kev tsim vaj huam sib luag. Tsim cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board yog qhov yooj yim (yog, nws xav tau qee qhov kev xyaum thiab kev rau siab).

Nco ntsoov tias Schematic txoj haujlwm tsuas yog txhais cov ntu thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lawv. Tsuas yog hauv Pawg Thawj Coj teeb tsa nws tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg lub cev mus. Ntawm Schematics, ntu tau muab tso rau qhov twg lawv nkag siab zoo hauv hluav taws xob, ntawm Boards, lawv tau muab tso tawm qhov twg lawv lub cev ua rau muaj kev nkag siab, yog li tus tiv thaiv uas yog nyob ib sab ntawm ib feem hauv Schematic tuaj yeem ua kom deb li deb ntawm qhov ntawd tau. hauv Pawg Thawj Coj.

Feem ntau, thaum koj teeb tsa lub rooj tsavxwm, koj xub tso cov ntu uas tau teeb tsa qhov chaw uas lawv xav tau mus, zoo li cov khoom sib txuas. Tom qab ntawd, pab pawg txhua qhov uas nkag siab zoo ua ke, thiab txav cov pawg no kom lawv tsim qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kab hla kev hla. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nthuav cov pawg, txav tag nrho cov ntu kom deb sib nrug uas lawv tsis ua txhaum txoj cai tsim qauv thiab muaj qhov tsawg kawg ntawm txoj kev hla kev hla kev.

Ib yam uas tau luam tawm cov laug cam yog tias lawv muaj ob sab. Txawm li cas los xij, koj ib txwm them rau ib txheej uas koj siv, thiab yog tias koj tab tom ua lub rooj tsavxwm no hauv tsev, koj tsuas yog tuaj yeem tso siab tau ua ib sab ib sab. Vim yog qhov kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hla qhov qhov, qhov no txhais tau tias peb xav siv hauv qab ntawm PCB. Ua Daim iav hais kom ua thiab nyem rau ntawm ntu ntu-ntu kom hloov lawv mus rau txheej hauv qab. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau siv Rotate lossis Move command kom kho qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ntu. Thaum koj muaj tag nrho cov ntu tso tawm, khiav Ratsnest hais kom ua. Ratsnest rov suav dua txoj hauv kev luv tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov ntawm cov xov hlau uas tsis tau hla (lub dav hlau), uas yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub vijtsam los ntawm tus nqi ncaj ncees.

Tom qab tsim PCB, koj yuav tsum luam qhov tsim. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev qhia muaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ua PCB zoo los ntawm txhais tes yog qhov nyuaj. PCB siv hauv txoj haujlwm no yog luam tawm los ntawm JLCPCB. Kev luam ntawv zoo heev. Kuv tau txais 12 cov laug cam, txhua lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo kaw thiab npuas qhwv. txhua yam zoo li zoo, lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm daim npog qhov ncauj, tus yam ntxwv meej ntawm daim kab xev. Kuv ntxiv Graber cov ntaub ntawv thiab koj tuaj yeem xa ncaj qha rau JLCPCB kom tau txais cov ntawv luam zoo PCB.

JLCPCB tsim 5pcs PCBs nrog qhov loj tshaj 10cmx10cm hauv tsuas yog 2 duas las. Nov yog tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws uas peb tau pom dua. Tus nqi thauj khoom kuj tseem qis dua piv rau lwm lub tuam txhab.

Txhawm rau xaj mus ntsib JLCPCB lub vev xaib. Qhov home page qhia txog lub laij lej uas coj koj mus rau nplooj ntawv xaj khoom. Ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv hais, tsuas yog nkag mus rau qhov loj ntawm PCB, kom muaj nuj nqis, txheej thiab tuab.

Nplooj ntawv hais lus muaj qhov ua tau zoo yav dhau los rau cov pib tshiab uas tsis nkag siab txhua qhov kev tsim khoom PCB thiab cov qauv. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus zoo li Kev Xaum Ntoo, Ntiv Tes Kub, Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm tsis meej pem, yog li, koj tuaj yeem zam qhov kev teeb tsa ntawd. Qhov teeb tsa ua ntej yog txhua yam zoo. Yog tias koj xav paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus ntawd thiab xav paub seb lawv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj li PCBs, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim nyem rau ntawm kab lus nug sab xis saum cov lus.

Piv txwv li, JLCPCB tau piav qhia lub sijhawm Kub Ntiv Tes, Cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj yog tus pib, koj tsuas yog xav teeb tsa PCB qhov ntev, txheej, xim, tuab thiab ntau npaum li cas koj xav tau. Lwm qhov chaw teeb tsa tuaj yeem khaws cia raws li lawv muaj.

Koj tuaj yeem paub ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov lus qhia no.

Kauj Ruam 4: Soldering (Resistor, Pin Header & IC Base)

Soldering yog ib qho ntawm cov txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv ntiaj teb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ob leeg ua ke zoo li taum pauv thiab carrots. Thiab, txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm kawm paub thiab tsim hluav taws xob yam tsis tas yuav tsum nqa cov hlau txuas, koj yuav pom sai sai tias lub ntiaj teb tshiab tau qhib nrog qhov txuj ci yooj yim no. Soldering tsuas yog txoj hauv kev ruaj khov txhawm rau 'kho' cov khoom siv rau hauv Circuit Court. Thiab yooj yim soldering yog ib qho yooj yim. Txhua yam koj xav tau yog lub raj hlau thiab qee cov laug. Thaum kuv txiv qhia kuv thaum kuv tseem hluas, kuv nco tau khaws nws nrawm heev.

Ua ntej pib siv cov laug koj xav tau qee qhov kev npaj rau kev siv tshuaj zoo.

Thaum cov hlau kub, pib nrog tu lub ntsis kom tshem cov laug qub los ntawm nws. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim txhuam cev ntub, daim txhuam tooj liab los yog ib yam zoo sib xws.

Tinning lub taub hau Qhov no ua rau cov lus qhia hloov cua sov sai dua thiab yog li ua rau cov khoom siv yooj yim dua thiab nrawm dua. Yog tias koj tau txais ib qho me me ntawm cov tin hauv koj lub taub hau, siv daim txhuam cev, tooj liab nplawm los yog cia li co nws tawm.

Ib qho chaw huv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev yog tias koj xav kom muaj zog, tsis kam ua haujlwm sib txuas. Txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo. 3M Scotch Brite pawm los ntawm kev txhim kho tsev, khoom lag luam lossis khw muag khoom lub cev tsheb yog qhov kev xaiv zoo vim tias lawv yuav tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij sai tab sis yuav tsis ua rau cov khoom PCB puas. Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav xav tau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab tsis yog cov ntaub huv hauv chav ua noj uas tsis muaj tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws/xab npum. Yog tias koj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb tso rau ntawm koj lub rooj tsavxwm, tom qab ntawv qib zoo ntawm cov ntaub plaub plaub tuaj yeem siv tau tab sis ceev faj heev ntawm cov laug cam nrog kev ua siab ntev vim tias cov hlau zoo txua tau tuaj yeem ntog ntawm cov pawm thiab hauv qhov. Thaum koj tau ntxuav lub rooj tsavxwm kom ci ci tooj liab koj tuaj yeem siv cov kuab tshuaj xws li acetone los ntxuav ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so huv uas yuav nyob twj ywm thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov board. Methyl hydrate yog lwm qhov hnyav zoo thiab me ntsis tsw ntxhiab ces acetone. Nco ntsoov tias ob qho tshuaj hnyav no tuaj yeem tshem tus number case, yog li koj lub rooj tsav xwm tau tshuaj xyuas kab mob, kuaj cov tshuaj ua ntej ua ntej hose tag nrho lub rooj tsavxwm.

Kuv vam tias koj ua tiav txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm saum toj no thiab npaj txhij tso cov khoom sib txuas ntawm PCB. Cov khoom siv tau tsim los rau cov khoom sib koom ua ke thiab dhau los ntawm lub qhov ntawm PCB pib los ntawm kev tso ib feem hauv nws lub qhov.

Tom qab cov khoom tiv thaiv thiab pawg thawj coj tau raug ntxuav, koj npaj tau muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj lub xov tooj cua yooj yim thiab tsuas yog muaj qee qhov khoom siv, koj yuav zaum tsis tso tag nrho cov khoom mus rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab muab lawv pov tseg ib zaug. Feem ntau koj yuav tau siv ob peb yam khoom ntawm ib lub sijhawm ua ntej yuav tig lub rooj tsavxwm thiab tso ntau dua. Feem ntau, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los pib nrog cov khoom me me tshaj plaws thiab ua kom qis tshaj plaws (resistors, ICs, teeb liab diodes, thiab lwm yam) thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm mus rau cov khoom loj (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog hloov hluav taws xob, hloov pauv) tom qab qhov me me ua tiav. Qhov no ua rau pawg thawj coj saib tiaj tus, ua rau nws ruaj khov dua thaum siv cov laug. Nws tseem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom txuag tau cov khoom siv rhiab (MOSFETs, tsis siv cov ICs) kom txog thaum kawg txhawm rau txo txoj hauv kev ua rau lawv puas tsuaj thaum sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov seem hauv Circuit Court. Khoov cov hlau lead raws li qhov tsim nyog thiab ntxig cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov tsim nyog rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Txhawm rau tuav ib feem hauv qhov chaw thaum koj tab tom siv, koj yuav xav khoov cov hlau lead hauv qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub kaum sab xis 45-degree. Qhov no ua haujlwm zoo rau cov ntu nrog cov coj ntev xws li cov tiv thaiv. Cheebtsam nrog cov coj luv xws li IC qhov nyob tuaj yeem tuav tau nrog cov kab xev me me los yog koj tuaj yeem khoov txoj hauv kev nqes mus rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm PC.

Thov ib qho me me ntawm cov kab laug sab rau ntawm cov hlau. Qhov no pab coj cov cua sov mus rau cov khoom siv thiab lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis nws tsis yog cov laug uas yuav ua rau sib koom ua ke. Txhawm rau kom sov qhov sib koom tes koj yuav tso qhov taub ntawm cov hlau kom nws so tiv thaiv ob qho tib si cov hlau lead thiab pawg thawj coj. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas koj ua kom sov cov hlau lead thiab lub rooj tsavxwm, txwv tsis pub cov laug yuav yooj yim ua ke thiab tsis kam ua raws li cov khoom uas tsis kub. Qhov me me ntawm cov kab laug sab uas koj tau thov rau cov lus qhia ua ntej ua kom sov sib koom ua ke yuav pab ua kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm pawg thawj coj thiab cov hlau lead. Feem ntau nws siv sijhawm thib ob lossis ob zaug kom tau txais kev sib koom ua kom sov txaus, tab sis cov khoom loj dua thiab cov ntaub tuab dua/cov kab yuav nqus cov cua sov ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm no. cov hlau txuas vim tias koj ua kom sov lub ncoo ntau dua thiab nws muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev nqa. Cia nws txias, tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo sov nws dua rau lub sijhawm tsawg dua.

Ib txwm nco ntsoov tias koj siv cov cua sov txaus, txwv tsis pub, koj yuav xaus nrog "txias txias sib koom". Xws li kev sib koom ua ke yuav zoo li tsis muaj qhov muab kev sib txuas uas koj xav tau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov kev ntxhov siab loj thaum koj lub Circuit Court tsis ua haujlwm thiab koj tab tom sim txiav txim siab yog vim li cas;) Thaum koj saib ntawm qhov txias txias sib koom ua ke ze, koj yuav pom tias nws muaj qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov laug thiab tus pin.

Yog tias koj zoo siab nrog koj cov laug, txiav tawm cov khoom siv los ntawm saum toj no cov khoom siv sib txuas.

Thaum lub sijhawm siv cov tooj dag, Kuv ua raws txhua cov lus qhia saum toj no. Kuv xub tso tag nrho cov resistors rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab cov laug. Tom qab ntawd kuv tso IC puag rau txhua tus IC thiab ua tib zoo siv. Txhawm rau soldering IC's, nws yog qhov ntse siv IC qhov (socket). Qee qhov ICs yuav tawg yog tias cov cua sov los ntawm cov hlau txuas kub dhau lawm. Tom qab ntawd kuv tau muag cov roj teeb, Grove txuas thiab tus pin taub hau.

Txhawm rau paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tso thiab sib dhos PCB cov khoom koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus qhia zoo no:

Kauj Ruam 5: Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob (LED & Hloov)

Tom qab soldering tag nrho cov resistors, tus pin headers thiab IC puag nws yog lub sij hawm rau solder LED thiab keyboards. Cov khoom siv muaj rau rau 5mm LEDs thiab txhua yam tau muab tso rau hauv ib kab. Tom qab ntawd kuv tso 4 tactile khawm hloov.

Siv cov khoom me me ua ntej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab laug sab, jumper ua, diodes thiab lwm qhov me me ua ntej koj muab cov khoom loj xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov transistors. Qhov no ua kom sib dhos yooj yim dua. Txhim kho cov txheej txheem rhiab kawg. Nruab CMOS ICs, MOSFETs thiab lwm yam khoom siv zoo li qub kom tsis txhob ua rau lawv puas tsuaj thaum sib dhos ntawm lwm qhov.

Thaum siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij, muaj qee yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Thawj zaug thiab pom tseeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav yog 350F lossis siab dua, thiab yuav ua rau kub hnyiab sai heev. Nco ntsoov siv lub chaw sawv los txhawb nqa cov hlau thiab ua kom cov hlua nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw muaj neeg coob. Solder nws tus kheej tuaj yeem tso dej tawm, yog li nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab kom tsis txhob siv cov khoom hla dhau ntawm lub cev. Ib txwm ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo uas koj muaj chaw tso qhov chaw tawm thiab txav mus los. Tsis txhob siv tshuaj yaj yeeb nrog koj lub ntsej muag ncaj qha rau saum cov leeg vim tias cov pa tawm los ntawm cov dej ntws tawm thiab lwm yam txheej yuav ua rau koj cov pa ua pa thiab lub qhov muag puas tsuaj. Cov neeg muag khoom feem ntau muaj cov hmoov txhuas, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob kov koj lub ntsej muag thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov laug thiab ib txwm ntxuav koj txhais tes ua ntej noj mov.

Kauj Ruam 6: Soldering (Xya Segment, LCD & Dot Matric)

Qhov no yog theem kawg ntawm kev siv tshuaj txhuam. Hauv theem no, peb yuav muab peb yam khoom loj (xya ntu tso saib, dot matrix zaub thiab LCD zaub). Ua ntej tshaj, Kuv tau siv xya ntu ntu tso rau hauv pawg thawj coj vim nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv qhov loj me thiab tsis nkag siab. Tom qab ntawd kuv tau tso lub teev teev matrix zaub. Tom qab siv cov dot matrix zaub kuv tso qhov kawg tivthaiv, tso saib LCD rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Ua ntej tso LCD rau lub rooj tsavxwm kuv xub xub muab tus txiv neej tus pin txuas rau lub LCD thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm PCB tseem ceeb. Txoj haujlwm soldering yog ua tiav nrog cov laug ntawm LCD.

Tom qab koj tau ua tag nrho cov pob qij txha txuas, nws yog qhov ua tau zoo los ntxuav tag nrho cov dej ntws ntau dhau los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Qee qhov dej ntws yog hydroscopic (lawv nqus dej) thiab tuaj yeem maj mam nqus dej txaus kom dhau los ua tus coj me ntsis. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig kev ua phem xws li daim ntawv thov tsheb. Feem ntau cov dej ntws yuav ntxuav tau yooj yim siv methyl hydrate thiab ntaub qhwv tab sis qee qhov yuav xav tau hnyav dua. Siv qhov hnyav tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov dej ntws, tom qab ntawd tshuab lub rooj tsavxwm kom qhuav nrog cua.

Kauj Ruam 7: Cov Khoom Siv Ua tiav

Kuv vam tias koj ua tiav txhua qib saum toj no. Nrog koj zoo siab! Koj tau ua koj tus kheej Arduino Nano Learner Kit. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb ntawm Arduino yooj yim heev. Koj tsis tas yuav yuav daim thaiv sib txawv lossis tus qauv los kawm Arduino Programming. Cov Khoom Siv suav nrog txhua yam khoom siv yooj yim xav tau rau tus neeg kawm.

Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no siv cov khoom siv yooj yim heev. Tsis tas yuav siv lub cuab yeej lossis khoom siv ntxiv. Txawm tias lub rooj tsavxwm xav tau ob peb yam yooj yim jumper txuas.

1. Koj tuaj yeem ua tus ntsuas sov siv LM35 thiab xya ntu tso saib
2. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub thiab av noo siv DHT11 thiab LCD zaub
3. Koj tuaj yeem ua piano yooj yim siv cov nyees khawm thiab lub suab nrov
4. Koj tuaj yeem ua lub moos digital siv RTC thiab LCD/Xya Segment. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv lub tswb siv Buzzer. Plaub lub khawm tuaj yeem siv rau lub sijhawm kho thiab teeb tsa.
5. Koj tuaj yeem ua lub moos sib piv siv RTC thiab Dot matrix zaub
6. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev ua si siv khawm thiab Dot matrix zaub.
7. Koj tuaj yeem txuas ib qho Grove module zoo li Grove Bluetooth, Grove Sensor sib txawv, thiab lwm yam.

Kuv hais tsuas yog qee qhov kev xaiv ua tau. Koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv. Hauv qib tom ntej, kuv yuav qhia koj qee qhov piv txwv siv Cov Khoom nrog Arduino kos duab.