PyonAir - Qhib Qhov Chaw Huab Cua Huab Cua Pollution: 10 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

PyonAir yog tus nqi qis rau kev saib xyuas cov pa phem hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam - tshwj xeeb, muaj teeb meem me me. Raws li nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Pycom LoPy4 lub rooj tsavxwm thiab Grove-tshaj kho vajtse, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv hla LoRa thiab WiFi.

Kuv tau ua txoj haujlwm no ntawm University of Southampton, ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg tshawb fawb. Kuv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim thiab txhim kho PCB. Nov yog kuv thawj zaug siv Eagle yog li nws yog qhov kev paub dhau los!

Lub hom phiaj ntawm PyonAir txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau teeb tsa lub network ntawm tus nqi qis, IoT cov kuab paug saib xyuas uas yuav tso cai rau peb sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog kev faib khoom thiab ua rau huab cua muaj kuab paug. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev saib xyuas kev ua qias tuaj ntawm lub khw, feem ntau tsuas yog muab "Air Quality Index", ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv PM nyoos - tshwj xeeb ntawm tus nqi pheej yig. Los ntawm kev ua qhov phiaj xwm qhib, nrog cov lus qhia teeb tsa yooj yim, peb cia siab tias yuav ua rau PyonAir cov cuab yeej siv tau rau txhua tus neeg uas txaus siab rau huab cua zoo, tsis hais tus kheej lossis tshaj lij. Piv txwv, cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem siv los sau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj haujlwm, PhDs thiab cov neeg sab nrauv, ua kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas muaj lub koob npe nrov rau nce nqi ntau dua. Txoj haujlwm no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshaj tawm, sib tham nrog cov tswvcuab ntawm cov pej xeem txog lawv cov huab cua hauv zej zog thiab cov kauj ruam uas tuaj yeem ua los txhim kho nws.

Peb lub hom phiaj ntawm kev yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv tau tshoov siab peb qhov kev txiav txim siab siv Grove system raws li lub nraub qaum ntawm peb tsim. Qhov dav ntawm cov qauv sib xws yuav tso cai rau cov neeg siv ntawm lub khoos phis tawj PyonAir rau lawv cov kev xav tau, yam tsis tau yuam kom rov tsim kho cov cuab yeej siv tshiab. Lub caij no, Pycom's LoPy4 muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas lus wireless hauv ib leeg, pob zoo.

Hauv cov lus qhia no, kuv yuav piav qhia txog kev tsim qauv thiab cov kauj ruam los tsim PCB, ua raws cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas los ua ke tag nrho PyonAir chav.

Khoom siv

Cheebtsam:

• LoPy4: Pawg thawj coj loj (https://pycom.io/product/lopy4/)
• PyonAirPCB: Kev sib txuas yooj yim rau Grove sensors
• Plantower PMS5003: Huab cua ntsuas pa (https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/pms5003-particu…
• Sensirion SPS30: Huab cua ntsuas pa (https://www.mouser.co.uk/ProductDetail/Sensirion/SPS30?qs=lc2O%252bfHJPVbEPY0RBeZmPA==)
• SHT35 sensor: Kub thiab av noo (https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-I2C-High-Accurac…
• Sijhawm Sijhawm: Thaub qab lub moos moos (https://s-u-pm-sensor.gitbook.io/pyonair/hardware/…
• GPS module: GPS txais rau lub sijhawm & qhov chaw (https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-GPS-Module.html)
• Grove cables:
• Pycom kav hlau txais xov: LoRa muaj peev xwm (https://pycom.io/product/lora-868mhz-915mhz-sigfox…
• MicroSD daim npav
• Lub hwj chim: Lub hwj chim tseem ceeb (Pom zoo:
• Case: IP66 115x90x65 mm huab cua tsis zoo ABS lub thawv (https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/173630987055?ul_noapp=t…

Cov Cuab Yeej:

• Soldering hlau
• Multimeter
• Cov ntsia hlau me me
• FTDI cable (yeem):

Kauj Ruam 1: Hais txog PCB

Grove cov khoom sib txuas yog tus qauv nrov zuj zus hauv kev nyiam ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ecosystem. Cov plug-and-play connectors ua txuas thiab sib pauv ntau yam ntawm cov qauv yooj yim thiab nrawm, tsis tas yuav tsum rov muag cov pob qij txha.

Lub caij no, Pycom's LoPy4 board tau raug xaiv los ua lub microcontroller tseem ceeb rau PyonAir raws li nws muaj 4 hom kev sib txuas lus wireless: LoRa, Sigfox, WiFi & Bluetooth thiab tau npaj siv MicroPython.

Arduino thiab Raspberry Pi twb tau txhawb nqa Grove txuas daim thaiv tab sis tseem tsis tau raug tso tawm rau Pycom system. Yog li ntawd, peb tsim peb tus kheej lub rooj nthuav dav PCB, uas haum rau LoPy4 board. PCB muaj:

• 2 I2C qhov (Kub sensor & RTC)
• 3 UART qhov (2x PM sensor & GPS)
• Pins rau USB cov ntaub ntawv
• Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas rau kev tswj hwm lub zog rau PM ntsuas
• Lub transistor Circuit los tswj lub zog rau GPS tus txais
• Micro SD qhov
• Cov neeg siv khawm
• Cov tswv yim txuas hluav taws xob (Chim, JST lossis cov dav hlau ntsia hlau)
• Voltage tswj

Kauj Ruam 2: PCB V1-V3

PCB V1

Kuv qhov kev sim thawj zaug ntawm PCB tau ua raws lub tswv yim "shim", qhov twg nyias nyias PCB yuav haum ntawm LoPy board thiab Pycom nthuav pawg thawj coj, xws li Pytrack (saib CAD daim duab). Raws li xws li, tsis muaj qhov sib dhos thiab lub rooj tsavxwm yog qhov yooj yim heev, tshwj xeeb tsuas yog cov txuas thiab ib khub ntawm transistors rau tig lub PM sensors rau lossis tawm.

Yuav kom ncaj ncees, muaj ntau qhov tsis raug nrog lub rooj tsavxwm no:

• Cov ciav hlau tau nyias dhau lawm
• Tsis muaj av dav hlau
• Cov lus qhia txawv txawv transistor
• Qhov chaw tsis siv
• Daim ntawv lo version tau sau rau hauv txheej txheej, tsis yog silkscreen

PCB V2

Los ntawm V2, nws tau pom tseeb tias peb xav tau PyonAir los ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj lub rooj nthuav dav nthuav dav, yog li lub zog tawm tswv yim, UART davhlau ya nyob twg thiab SD daim npav tau ntxiv rau qhov tsim.

Teeb meem:

• Cov kab hla hla ntu ntu ntu
• Tsis muaj LoPy kev taw qhia
• Qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm DC chim jack taw qhia

PCB V3

Kev hloov pauv me me tau ua ntawm V2 & V3 - feem ntau yog kev kho rau cov teeb meem saum toj no.

Kauj Ruam 3: PCB V4

V4 qhia txog kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm tag nrho PCB, uas tau hloov pauv hauv qab no:

• Yuav luag txhua qhov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm txhais tes lossis ua ke ua ntej siv PCBA
• Mounting qhov ntawm cov ces kaum
• Cheebtsam faib ua pawg "Nyob ruaj khov", "Fais fab" thiab "Tus Neeg Siv" thaj chaw

• Cov ntawv rau:

  • Cov tswv yim hluav taws xob ntau
  • Cov ntaub ntawv txuas
  • LoPy LED qhov chaw
• 2 xaiv tus tuav SD
• Kuaj cov ntaub qhwv
• DC chim jack tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau saum lossis hauv qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm
• Txoj kev zoo dua
• Cov khoom ntim tau zoo dua
• Cov poj niam lub taub hau ntev dua tau ntxiv, yog li tus neeg siv yuav tuaj yeem siv 4x 8-tus pin headers, tsis yog 2 khub ntawm 8-pin thiab 6-pin headers, ua rau nws pheej yig dua.

Kauj Ruam 4: PCB V5

Qhov kawg version

Ob peb qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg tau ua rau V5 ua ntej nws tau xa rau PCBA kev tsim khoom los ntawm Seeed Studio:

• Txawm tidier routing
• Txhim kho daim ntawv lo rau qhov chaw
• Hloov kho lub vev xaib txuas
• Silkscreen pawm rau labeling PCBs thaum kuaj
• Ntau lub kaum sib npaug (kom haum zoo dua hauv cov ntawv xaiv)
• Kho qhov ntev ntawm PCB kom haum rau txoj kab thaiv

Kauj Ruam 5: Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: PCBA

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsim khoom tsawg dua 5 PCBs, saib "Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Kev Siv Tes Ua Haujlwm" (kauj ruam tom ntej) hloov chaw.

PCBA xaj los ntawm Pom Studio

1. Nkag mus lossis tsim tus as khauj ntawm
2. Nyem rau 'xaj tam sim no'.
3. Upload cov ntaub ntawv Gerber.
4. Kho qhov chaw (PCB kom muaj nuj nqis & nto tiav: HASL Lead-Free).
5. Ntxiv cov duab sib dhos & xaiv thiab tso cov ntawv.
6. Xaiv PCBA kom muaj nuj nqis.
7. Ntxiv BOM. (NB: Yog tias koj xav kom zam nws tus kheej thiab tsis mloog ntev tos, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv TSRN 1-2450 tus tswj hluav taws xob rau BOM.
8. Ntxiv rau lub laub & xaj!

Thov mus saib: https://s-u-pm-sensor.gitbook.io/pyonair/extra-inf… rau cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.

Soldering tus tswj hluav taws xob

Tsuas yog ib feem uas yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj thaum siv Seeed's PCBA cov kev pabcuam yog TSRN 1-2450 tus tswj hluav taws xob. Raws li tau hais los saud, koj tuaj yeem suav qhov no hauv kev sib dhos BOM tab sis nws yuav ntxiv sijhawm ntxiv rau kev txiav txim.

Yog tias koj zoo siab los txhuam nws ntawm tes, yooj yim ntxiv tus tswj hwm rau qhov chaw qhia los ntawm silkscreen, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev taw qhia raug. Cov dawb teev ntawm silkscreen yuav tsum ua kab nrog cov dawb teev ntawm tus tswj hwm (saib daim duab).

Kauj Ruam 6: Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Kev Siv Tes Ua

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsim ntau tus PCBs, saib "Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau koj tus kheej: PCBA" (cov kauj ruam dhau los) hloov.

Kev txiav txim PCBs

Koj tuaj yeem yuav PCBs los ntawm ntau lub vev xaib, suav nrog Seeed Studio, nrog qee qhov tuaj yeem xa tuaj hauv qis dua ib lub lim tiam. Peb siv Seeed Fusion, tab sis cov theem no yuav tsum zoo ib yam li lwm qhov chaw.

1. Nkag mus lossis tsim tus as khauj ntawm
2. Nyem rau 'xaj tam sim no'.
3. Hloov cov ntaub ntawv Gerber.
4. Kho qhov chaw (PCB kom muaj nuj nqis & Kev ua tiav saum npoo: HASL Lead-Free)
5. Ntxiv rau lub laub thiab xaj!

Thov mus saib: https://s-u-pm-sensor.gitbook.io/pyonair/extra-inf… rau cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.

Kev xaj khoom

Raws li pawg thawj coj saib muaj cov ntaub qhwv ntxiv rau SMD/dhau los ntawm qhov kev xaiv teeb tsa, koj tsis tas yuav sau txhua qhov. Yog tias koj tab tom siv tes ua, nws yooj yim tshaj plaws kom zam txhua tus SMDs los ntawm kev siv lub rooj tsavxwm raws li cov lus qhia hauv cov duab.

N. B. Yog tias koj muaj kev ntseeg siab nrog cov hlau txuas, nws muaj qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua los siv qhov saum npoo Mount Micro SD qhov hloov pauv ntawm 8-pin header + breakout board.

Kauj Ruam 7: Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Los Ua Ke

Grove cable hloov kho

Txhawm rau txuas koj li PM lub cim rau cov ntoo sib txuas, koj yuav tsum tau txuas cov kab hluav taws xob txuas mus rau cov kab ntoo hauv hav zoov, raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no siv cov crimps lossis cov laug thiab ua kom sov. Nyob ntawm lub ntsuas koj siv, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias tus pinout sib phim cov tswv yim rau PCB.

Cov rooj sib txoos

1. Xaiv qhov twg ntawm lub zog siv hluav taws xob uas koj xav siv (lub tog raj txuas / JST / lub dav hlau txuas) thiab txuas cov khoom tsim nyog.
2. Siv lub ntsuas ntsuas los txheeb xyuas V_IN thiab 5V cov ntawv ntsuas tom qab PCB.
3. Thaum koj zoo siab tias pawg thawj coj saib xyuas raug cai, tshem lub hwj chim tawm. (Yog tias tsis sim lwm lub hwj chim muab)
4. Txuas LoPy4 rau hauv 16-tus pin headers, kom ntseeg tau tias LED nyob rau sab saum toj (raws li qhia ntawm silkscreen). Hauv qab 4 qhov hauv lub taub hau yog tsis siv.
5. Txuas txhua qhov khoom siv Grove mus rau qhov sib dhos ntawm PCB.
6. Txuas lub micro SD daim npav.
7. Rov txuas lub hwj huam dua. Cov LEDs ntawm LoPy4 thiab GPS yuav tsum qhib ob qho tib si.
8. Siv lub ntsuas ntsuas los tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv xeem uas nyob tom qab ntawm PCB.
9. Koj PyonAir yuav tsum tam sim no npaj rau qhov program!

N. B. Nco ntsoov tias koj tshem daim npav SD thiab muab nws ua FAT32 ua ntej ntsaws nws rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm.

CEEB TOOM: Tsuas yog txuas ib lub hwj chim ib zaug xwb. Kev sib txuas ntau yam khoom siv tib lub sijhawm tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb lossis lub zog hluav taws xob luv!

Kauj Ruam 8: Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Software

Rau peb txoj kev txhim kho software, peb siv Atom thiab pymakr. Ob qho no yog qhib-qhov thiab yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoos phis tawj feem ntau. Peb pom zoo txhim kho cov no ua ntej rub tawm cov cai rau LoPy4 pawg thawj coj.

Pycom pom zoo hloov kho lub firmware ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej ua ntej sim siv lawv. Cov ntawv qhia tag nrho yuav ua li cas thiaj tuaj yeem pom ntawm no:

Kev teeb tsa

1. Txhawm rau kom koj lub PM ntsuas lub cuab yeej nce thiab khiav, rub tawm qhov hloov tshiab kawg ntawm peb cov cai los ntawm GitHub: https://github.com/pyonair/PyonAir-pycom Nco ntsoov tias koj rho tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm koj lub PC lossis laptop thiab zam kev hloov npe ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
2. Qhib Atom thiab kaw ib qho ntaub ntawv tam sim no los ntawm txoj cai-txhaj rau daim nplaub tshev theem saum toj kawg nkaus thiab nyem rau "Tshem tawm Project Folder" hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas tshwm.
3. Mus rau File> Open Folder thiab xaiv "lopy" folder. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv yuav tsum tshwm nyob rau hauv "Project" pane ntawm sab laug hauv Atom.
4. Txuas lub PyonAir PCB rau hauv koj lub PC lossis lub laptop siv FTDI-USB cable thiab RX, TX thiab GND pins ntawm lub header mus rau sab xis ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
5. Lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum tshwm nyob rau hauv Atom thiab txuas tau.
6. Txhawm rau upload cov cai, tsuas yog nyem lub pob "Upload" hauv qab kab ntawv. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv ob peb feeb, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tshem tawm thiab teeb tsa. Thaum qhov upload tau ua tiav, nias Ctrl + c ntawm koj cov keyboard kom nres qhov chaws, tom qab ntawd tshem lub FTDI-USB cable.

Kev teeb tsa

Thaum koj teeb tsa lub cuab yeej tshiab thawj zaug lossis yog tias koj xav hloov qee qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa nws dhau WiFi.

1. Tshem koj cov pa phem saib xyuas los ntawm txhua kis xws li koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tus neeg siv khawm.
2. Npaj lub xov tooj lossis khoos phis tawj uas muaj peev xwm txuas tau rau hauv WiFi network hauv ib cheeb tsam.
3. Fais fab PyonAir ntaus ntawv.
4. Thaum teeb tsa lub cuab yeej thawj zaug, nws yuav tsum hloov nws tus kheej mus rau hauv kev teeb tsa hom, qhia los ntawm xiav LED flashing. Txwv tsis pub, nias thiab tuav tus neeg siv khawm ntawm Grove socket PCB (sau tias CONFIG) rau 3 vib nas this. RGB LED yuav tsum tig xim xiav.
5. Txuas rau PyonAir lub cuab yeej WiFi. (Qhov no yuav raug hu ua 'NewPyonAir' lossis ib yam dab tsi uas koj tau teev npe ua ntej.) Tus password yog 'newpyonair'.
6. Nkag mus https://192.168.4.10/ rau hauv koj lub vev xaib. Nplooj ntawv teeb tsa yuav tsum tshwm sim.
7. Ua kom tiav txhua daim teb uas xav tau ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab nyem 'Txuag' thaum ua tiav. (Koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntsiab lus sib txuas rau LoRa thiab WiFi, muab tus lej tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus ntsuas, thiab qhia koj qhov kev nyiam rau kev nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv.)
8. Cov cuab yeej PyonAir yuav tsum rov pib dua tam sim no thiab yuav siv cov kev teeb tsa uas koj tau muab.

Txhawm rau txuas koj lub cuab yeej rau LoRa, sau npe nws ntawm The Things Network. Tsim lub cuab yeej tshiab nrog Ntaus EUI qhia hauv nplooj ntawv teeb tsa, thiab theej Daim Ntawv Thov EUI thiab App Key los ntawm TTN rau kev teeb tsa.

Pybytes yog Pycom's online IoT hub, los ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem hloov kho firmware, ua OTA hloov tshiab thiab pom cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau nkag mus lossis tsim ib tus as khauj ntawm no: https://pyauth.pybytes.pycom.io/login tom qab ntawd ua raws cov kauj ruam txhawm rau sau npe ntaus ntawv tshiab.

Kev Xeem

Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntsuas tias koj lub ntsuas huab cua ua haujlwm tau zoo yog siv FTDI-USB cable thiab RX, TX & GND tus pin headers ntawm Grove Socket PCB. Kev txuas lub cuab yeej hauv txoj kev no tso cai rau koj saib tag nrho cov lus thiab nyeem hauv Atom.

RGB LED ntawm LoPy board qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm pawg thawj coj:

• Initialising = Amber
• Kev pib ua tiav tau zoo = Lub teeb ntsuab ntsais ob zaug
• Tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau SD daim npav = Lub teeb liab ntsais ntsais tam sim tom qab khau raj
• Lwm qhov teeb meem = Teeb liab taws thaum lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm
• Runtime yuam kev = Liab liab

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm PyonAir yuav raug xa mus rau University of Southampton's server. Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov cai ua ntej xa cov cuab yeej hloov nws mus rau qhov chaw koj xaiv.

Kauj Ruam 9: Yuav Ua Li Cas Rau Koj Tus Kheej: Kev Tso Tawm

Tam sim no tias koj lub ntsuas pa huab cua tau teeb tsa tag nrho, koj yuav tsum npaj kom siv lub cuab yeej!

Cov lus qhia tswv yim

Cov ntaub ntawv peb xaiv rau peb cov cuab yeej yog: https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/173630987055?ul_noapp=t… SolidWorks cov ntaub ntawv rau feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej khoos phis tawj uas peb siv tau muab hauv ntu Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv, txhawm rau pab nrog tsim cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ib txoj hauv kev tau npaj los npaj cov ntsuas thiab txiav qhov hauv rooj plaub kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv daim duab saum toj no.

Tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias koj rooj plaub yuav tsum:

• Tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm dej thiab hmoov av
• Tso cai rau teeb tsa lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov chaw
• Tso cua kom mus txog PM sensor (s)
• Tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ua kom sov
• Tuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj ntseg sab hauv rooj plaub

Qhov chaw nyob

Qhov chaw xa khoom zoo tshaj plaws yuav ua tiav cov hauv qab no:

• Hauv thaj av uas txaus siab rau huab cua muaj kuab paug
• Tawm ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha
• Tsis pub dhau ntau ntawm LoRa rooj vag
• Hauv thaj tsam ntawm WiFi
• Nyob ze rau qhov chaw muaj hwj chim
• Ruaj ntseg mounting ntsiab lus
• Muaj peev xwm txais GPS cov cim qhia

Kauj ruam 10: Cov Ntaub Ntawv & Khab nias

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav tsum tau ua kom ua tiav koj tus kheej PyonAir tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm: https://su-pm-sensor.gitbook.io/pyonair/extra-inf… (Zip cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem rub tawm rau Qhia, thov txim!) Gitbook tseem suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog kho vajtse thiab software.

Khab nias

Txoj haujlwm saib xyuas los ntawm Dr Steven J Ossont, Dr Phil Basford & Florentin Bulot

Code los ntawm Daneil Hausner & Peter Varga

Tsim Circuit & qhia los ntawm Hazel Mitchell