Ua Hobbyist PCBs Nrog Cov Cuab Yeej CAD los ntawm Kev Hloov Kho " Tsim Cov Cai ": 15 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Nws yog qhov zoo uas muaj qee qhov kev tshaj lij hauv Circuit Board cov cuab yeej muaj rau cov nyiam ua haujlwm. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia rau kev siv lawv ito tsim cov laug cam uas tsis xav tau tus kws tshaj lij tsim khoom los ua MAKE lawv …

Kauj Ruam 1: Taw qhia, Ntu 1 - Kuv Gripe

Muaj ntau qhov kev qhia hauv net txog kev ua koj tus kheej cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board (PCBs.) Toner hloov pauv, duab-hnov PCBs, ntse; txhua yam ntaub ntawv…

Ib yam nkaus, muaj ntau lub Computer Aided Design pob (CAD) tsim los pab tsim PCB cov qauv, tejzaum nws nrog cov lej qhia. Qee qhov no muaj cov nqi qis uas tsom mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nyiam ua haujlwm. Tab sis kuv pom ntawm ntau lub vev xaib PCBs tsim nrog cov pob CAD no, los ntawm cov nyiam ua haujlwm, uas tsis yog "phooj ywg" kom tau raug tsim los ntawm hobbyists siv cov txheej txheem piav qhia hauv PCB nplooj ntawv. Kev tshaj tawm PCB zoo nkauj tsis ze li muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias nws xav tau $ 50+ tus nqi yam tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tsim khoom. Kuv tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias nrog cov cuab yeej raug, thiab khoom siv, thiab qee qhov kev coj ua, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv tsev PCB kev tsim cov txheej txheem (xaiv qhov koj xaiv) los tsim cov phiaj xwm zoo ntawm qhov nyuaj, nrog cov cim zoo, qhov me me, thiab ntxiv rau. Tab sis ntau ntawm PCBs tsis xav tau qhov nyuaj ntawd, thiab nws yuav zoo yog tias lawv tau tsim los hauv txoj kev uas koj tsis xav tau kev paub ntau hauv PCB ua kom tau PCB ua haujlwm. Cov ntawv no muaj qee cov lus qhia ntawm kev teeb tsa CAD pob los tsim cov laug cam uas yooj yim los tsim khoom hauv ib puag ncig kev nyiam. Nws nyob ib puag ncig Cadsoft's Eagle CAD pob, tab sis cov hauv paus ntsiab lus kuj tseem dav thiab yuav tsum siv rau lwm pob CAD ib yam nkaus.

Kauj Ruam 2: Intro, Ntu 2 - Cadsoft EAGLE

Cadsoft EAGLE: https://www.cadsoftusa.com/Cadsoft yog lub tuam txhab German uas yog qhov tseeb mecca ntawm software faib kev pom kev. Ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog tus nqi tsim nyog tshaj lij PCB tsim pob ($ 1200), lawv muaj freeware, lite, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab lwm yam ntawv tso cai nruab nrab. Lawv cov software khiav hauv qab qhov rais, linux, thiab MacOSX. Nws yog qhov txawv me ntsis, nrog qhov ntxhab (tab sis tsis siab dhau) kev kawm nkhaus ntawm sab xub ntiag, tab sis los ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm nws tsis yog ntau dua li lwm cov pob CAD kev tshaj lij. Lawv muaj cov rooj sib tham txhawb nqa online uas tau siv los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab thiab lwm tus siv, pob tau nyob hauv kev txhim kho tam sim no thiab tau zoo dua nrog txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm. Ib tus xov tooj ntawm PCB cov neeg tsim khoom yuav lees txais lawv cov ntaub ntawv CAD ncaj qha. Nws yog khoom zoo. Siv nws. Tshaj tawm nws. Yuav nws thaum koj "mus pro." Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog qhia txog yuav siv EAGLE li cas, txawm hais tias nws yuav yog qee qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv txoj haujlwm ntawd. Nws yog ntau ntxiv txog yuav teeb tsa thiab hloov kho Eagle teeb tsa kom zoo dua li tus nyiam ua haujlwm li cas.--- Saib kuj: Schematic EntryCreate PCB los ntawm schematicCreating Library partsDesign rule modificationSend CAD Files to manufacturers

Kauj Ruam 3: Peb Cov Qauv Piv Txwv: Tsau Qee LEDs

Raws li qhov piv txwv, Kuv yuav siv qhov yooj yim thiab zoo dua tus qauv ob-transistor, ob-coj "blinky" Circuit. Nws zoo li no.

(Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los ua qhov no tiag, cov transistors tuaj yeem yog txhua lub hom phiaj silicon NPN hom xws li 2n4401, 2n2222, 2n3904.) Lub sijhawm ON rau txhua LED yog hais txog R*C (ib ob rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm no.) Lub roj teeb tuaj yeem ua 3V txog… txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias koj yuav xav tau kho qhov txwv tam sim no rau qhov siab dua.) Lub kaus mom yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab dua me ntsis ntawm lub zog uas koj npaj yuav siv. Rau lub roj teeb 9V, kuv siv lub kaus mom 16V. Resistors yog 1/4 watt.)

Kauj Ruam 4: Tso Cov Xeem

Nws zoo li yooj yim zoo nkauj, yog li peb yuav muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub rooj tsav xwm tsuas yog hais txog txoj hauv kev lawv saib ntawm cov txheej txheem:

Kauj ruam 5: Autorouted Siv Defaults, thiab Dab Tsi Tsis Zoo Nrog Nws …

Tom qab ntawd peb fiddle nrog tus autorouter me ntsis, ua tib zoo teeb tsa cov lus qhia tom ntej rau "NA" kom tau txais ib lub rooj tsavxwm ib sab (tab sis siv tag nrho lwm qhov kev teeb tsa ua ntej.) Peb tau txais qee yam uas zoo li qhov no.

Qhov ntawd zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj. Yog li qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Qhov teeb meem yog tias yog koj sim ua lub rooj tsavxwm ntawd hauv koj chav ua noj, tej zaum koj yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Muaj ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb: 1) Kab dav. Qhov dav ntawm txoj kab dav yog 10mil (mil yog 1/1000 ntawm ib nti) lossis kwv yees li 0.2mm Qhov ntawd zoo rau feem ntau cov kws tshaj lij PCB tsim khoom; feem ntau tuaj yeem ua ntu zus thiab ntseeg tau ua cov laug cam txog 6mils. Tab sis nws zoo heev los ua kom tiav siv qee yam xws li toner hloov pauv (nco qab tias cov nplua -txhuas cov tshuab xaum yog 0.5 hli - ze li 3 npaug loj dua!) Muaj qhov teeb meem zoo sib xws nrog cov ntaub qhwv ncoo nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov; thaum nws zoo rau qhov zoo nkauj CNC-drilling tshuab, yog tias koj sim siv lub qhov nrog cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev koj yuav zaum kawg tshem tag nrho cov ncoo. 2) Kev tshem tawm. Qhov no yog qhov chaw seem ntawm txoj kab (lossis nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab thiab cov ntaub qhwv.) Zoo li qhov dav dav, nws ua rau tus lej me: 8 mils. qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag rau tus nyiam ua haujlwm…

Kauj Ruam 6: Cia Kho Kho DESIGN RULES

Ua ke, cov ntsuas no (thiab ntau lwm tus) raug hu ua "Cov cai tsim" rau pawg thawj coj. Hmoov zoo, lawv tau tsim los hloov pauv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv ntawm PCB cov neeg tsim khoom, thiab lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom zoo dua qhov xav tau ntawm cov nyiam ua haujlwm ib yam. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txoj cai tsim qauv tshuaj xyuas thiab xaiv nrog DRC cov lus txib lossis khawm. Nws zoo li no.

DRC vaj huam sib luag feem ntau yog siv los ua txoj cai tsim CHECK. Tom qab tau teeb tsa pawg thawj coj (feem ntau yog siv txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm tes) koj yuav nyem lub pob "CHECK" thiab Dav dawb hau yuav mus thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tau ua dab tsi raws li txoj cai tsim koj tau teev tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, tus autorouter kuj tseem mloog zoo rau cov cai tsim koj tau teeb tsa; nws yuav tsis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias tus siv lub tshuab tsim cov laug cam uas "tsis raug cai." Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau ntau yam uas koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Peb tsuas yog xav txog ob peb ntawm lawv. (tus kheej tsis feem ntau tau piav qhia nrog daim duab zoo uas qhia lub hom phiaj uas koj tab tom hloov pauv. Ib qho kev pab zoo …)

Kauj Ruam 7: Hloov Kho Txoj Cai CLEARANCE

Hauv CLEARANCE vaj huam sib luag, peb tuaj yeem tswj qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm ob peb yam khoom sib txawv. Qhov kev tshem tawm tsis raug yog 8mils rau txhua yam …

Hauv qee kis koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab yam koj xav tau kom muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov no tsuas yog qhov piv txwv, yog li kuv tau xaiv. Kuv nyiam 0.8mm, uas yog ze rau 1/32 nti. Yog li peb tuaj yeem teeb tsa pawg ntawm qhov kev tshem tawm mus rau 0.8mm: Qhov "tib lub teeb liab" kev tshem tawm tuaj yeem nyob ntawm tus lej me; peb tsis quav ntsej ntau txog qhov ntawd. PAD rau PAD kev tshem tawm yuav tsum yog qhov me me 0.5 hli; ntau ntxiv txog qhov ntawd tom qab…

Kauj Ruam 8: Hloov Kho SIZES Cov Cai

SIZES vaj huam sib luag muaj cov txheej txheem tom ntej hloov pauv.

Peb tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog micro lossis qhov muag tsis pom, ua rau lawv tsis tsim nyog rau cov nyiam ua haujlwm hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab tsis txhawb nqa los ntawm freeware Eagle hauv qhov chaw thib ob. Peb tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov dav yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab xyaum yam tsawg kawg rau (ntxiv) 0.8mm (xwm txheej,.8mm yog hais txog tus lej 68 laum.)

Kauj Ruam 9: Hloov Pads Qhov Loj Nrog RESTRING Cov Cai

RESTRING vaj huam sib luag tswj qhov loj ntawm cov pawm. Nws yuav zoo yog tias peb tuaj yeem ua lub nplhaib 0.8mm tuab ib yam nkaus, tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm koj muaj.8mm ntawm lub qhov thiab.8mm ntawm lub nplhaib ntawm txhua sab, koj muaj 2.4mm txoj kab uas hla. Txij li ntau qhov chaw muaj cov pawm ntawm 0.1inch (2.54mm) cov chaw, uas tsis tawm chaw txaus BETWEEN

cov ntaub qhwv Yog li kuv yuav siv 0.6mm ntawm no, thiab kuv tseem yuav tau siv qhov kev tshem tawm me me ntawm cov pawm uas kuv tau hais los saum no. Kuv tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nrog PADs uas loj dua li.8mm (nws yuav siv li 1 hli qhov los tuav.025inch square ncej raws li pom ntawm ntau qhov txuas.) Koj tuaj yeem pauv tawm cov ntaub qhwv-ncoo tshem tawm ntawm cov kab uas hla yuam los ntawm txwv kev teeb tsa, nyob ntawm qhov chaw koj muaj teeb meem ntau ntxiv nrog txhua yam txheej txheem PCB koj siv. Ib qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub ncoo loj yog nws ua rau koj tsis nkag siab rau qhov laum uas koj siv tiag; txawm hais tias lub tsev qiv ntawv tau teeb tsa rau.6mm laum thiab koj siv.8mm laum, koj yuav tsum muaj tooj liab txaus kom koj thiaj li tsis muaj teeb meem loj. Koj tsis tas yuav teeb txheej sab hauv lossis micro-ntawm qhov tseem ceeb:

Kauj Ruam 10: Tsis teb los tau: Kho Pad SHAPES

Hauv SHAPES vaj huam sib luag, Kuv nyiam yuam kom lub ncoo zoo li ROUND, txij li kuv tau ua cov ntaub qhwv loj heev hauv RESTRING vaj huam sib luag. Cov pawm oval tau txais loj heev thaum koj siv qhov tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb… Qhov no yog nyob ntawm yeem, txawm hais tias:

Kauj Ruam 11: Txuag Koj Txoj Cai Xaiv, thiab Rov Pib Dua Ib Zaug

Tau hloov tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no, peb yuav tsum ua ntawv thov lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau FILE vaj huam sib luag thiab txuag lawv qhov chaw uas tsim nyog:

Thaum tsim cov laug cam yav tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem siv FILE vaj huam sib luag ntawm DRC lub qhov rais los nyeem hauv cov haujlwm nyiam ua haujlwm yooj yim dua li tsis txhob rov ua dua txhua qhov. (Los yog tsuas yog tau txais cov ntaub ntawv honny.dru los ntawm nplooj ntawv saum toj kawg nkaus.) Koj tuaj yeem txawm nqus lawv hauv koj koj cov ntaub ntawv pib. Rov qab mus rau hauv Circuit Court, yog tias kuv khiav lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no, Kuv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua qhov tshwm sim …

Kauj Ruam 12: Tab sis Vim Li Cas Nres Nroog?

Peb tuaj yeem nres qhov ntawd, tab sis peb tsis tas yuav. Tus autorouter ua haujlwm ntawm kab sib chaws (tsis yog 50mils), yog li nws tau ua dab tsi yog tso cov kab hauv kab hauv qhov chaw uas tsis ua txhaum txoj cai tsim. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias muaj ntau qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau txoj kev dav dua lossis tshem tawm. Yog tias peb koom nrog pawg thawj coj tag nrho, peb tuaj yeem "hloov qhov dav 1.0mm" lossis sib npaug, thiab siv DRC "kos" xaiv los saib seb peb puas tseem hla peb qhov tshwj xeeb. Los yog peb tuaj yeem muaj

lwm DRC cov ntaub ntawv nrog sib txawv tsis. Qhov tseeb, pawg thawj coj no tuaj yeem muaj nws txoj kab dav dav nce mus rau 1.4mm yam tsis ua txhaum peb txoj cai tshem tawm:

Kauj Ruam 13: Ua kom tiav PCB Tsim

Txog ntawm qhov no, muaj qee qhov cim tseg uas tsim nyog nyob ze ua ke, thiab nws yuav ua rau muaj kev nkag siab kom txav lawv ob leeg sib nrug me ntsis ntxiv, thiab ntxuav qee yam khoom txawv txawv uas tus neeg siv lub tshuab tau ua. Thiab kuv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kuv xav kom qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm theem teeb uas sawv ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm 9V roj teeb, uas txhais tau tias kuv yuav tsum tau hloov chaw qee qhov khoom me ntsis. Kuv tuaj yeem txav mus ib ncig ntawm silkscreen kom kuv tuaj yeem siv toner hloov pauv rau qhov ntawd ib yam. Kuv xaus nrog qhov no:

Kauj Ruam 14: Tab sis Nws Puas Ua Haujlwm?

Cia saib. Kuv tuaj yeem txhob txwm dag ntawm no, yog li txhawm rau ua raws qee tus neeg yam tsis muaj kev paub ntau, puas yog? (Tseeb. Qhov ntawd yog kev zam txim zoo. Kuv ib txwm khiav tawm ntawm kuv cov laug cam ntawm LPKF PCB "phiaj xwm", yog li kuv tiag tiag nqus ntawm qhov ua qhov nyuaj.)

Seem ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ntawv xov xwm/ntawv hloov pauv toner; zoo li tsis zoo heev ntawm qhov no. Kov nrog tus ntse.. kos, laum, ntxuav … Ntau lub toner hloov mus rau "silkscreen", ntxiv cov khoom thiab lub zog rau …

Kauj ruam 15: Cov ntsiab lus

Qhov no tsuas yog piv txwv, raws qee qhov kev xav ntawm tus kheej. Qhov tseem ceeb xav yog

tias qhov dav koj txoj hauv kev, thiab ntau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv, qhov yooj yim dua koj lub rooj tsavxwm yuav yog los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Thiab feem ntau cov pob PCB muaj teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem hloov kho kom lawv yuav ua haujlwm ntau rau koj …