Cov txheej txheem:

DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons: 5 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons: 5 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons: 5 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

Video: DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons: 5 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
Video: DIY LED-Photometer with Arduino / LED Photometer mit Arduino 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons
DIY LED-photometer Nrog Arduino rau Physics lossis Chemistry Lessons

Nyob zoo!

Cov kua los yog lwm yam khoom zoo li cov xim vim tias lawv rov ua dua lossis xa qee yam xim thiab tig rau (nqus) lwm tus. Nrog lub koob yees duab ntsuas, cov xim (nthwv dej) tuaj yeem txiav txim siab, uas tau nqus los ntawm cov kua. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog qhov yooj yim: nrog LED ntawm qee yam xim koj xub ci los ntawm lub khob dej uas ntim nrog dej lossis lwm qhov hnyav. Ib lub photodiode ntsuas qhov teeb pom kev tuaj thiab hloov nws mus rau qhov sib npaug qhov hluav taws xob U0. Tus nqi no tau sau tseg. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub cuvette nrog cov kua los tshuaj xyuas tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kab nqaj thiab rov ntsuas qhov teeb pom kev zoo lossis qhov hluav taws xob U. Qhov kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv feem pua yog tom qab ntawd yooj yim xam los ntawm T = U / U0 * 100. Kom tau txais qhov nqus tau-yam A koj tsuas yog yuav tsum suav A = 100 rho tawm T.

Qhov ntsuas no tau rov ua dua nrog cov xim sib txawv ntawm LEDs thiab txiav txim siab hauv txhua kis T lossis A raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nthwv dej (xim). Yog tias koj ua qhov no nrog LEDs txaus, koj tau txais qhov nkhaus nqus.

Kauj Ruam 1: Qhov Chaw

Qhov Chaw
Qhov Chaw
Qhov Chaw
Qhov Chaw
Qhov Chaw
Qhov Chaw

Rau lub ntsuas cua koj xav tau cov hauv qab no:

* Cov ntaub ntawv dub nrog qhov ntev 160 x 100 x 70 mm lossis zoo sib xws: vaj tse

* Ib qho Arduino Nano: ebay arduino nano

* Lub tshuab ua haujlwm LF356: ebay LF356

* 3 capacitors nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 10μF: ebay capacitors

* 2 capacitors nrog C = 100nF thiab lub capacitor nrog 1nF: ebay capacitors

* Ib qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv ICL7660: ebay ICL7660

* Ib qho photodiode BPW34: ebay BPW34 photodiode

* 6 resistors nrog 100, 1k, 10k, 100k, 1M thiab 10M ohms: ebay resistors

* I²C 16x2 zaub: ebay 16x2 zaub

* ib qho hloov 2x6: hloov teb

* lub roj teeb 9V thiab lub roj teeb 9V: lub roj teeb tuav

* hloov: hloov

* Cov iav cuvettes: ebay cuvettes

* LEDs nrog cov xim sib txawv: f.e. eBay LEDs

* ib qho yooj yim 0-15V fais fab mov los txhawb lub LEDs

* ntoo rau tus tuav tuav

Kauj Ruam 2: Circuit thiab Arduino-code

Circuit thiab Arduino-code
Circuit thiab Arduino-code
Circuit thiab Arduino-code
Circuit thiab Arduino-code

Lub Circuit Court rau lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yog yooj yim heev. Nws suav nrog photodiode, lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm siab, lub zog hluav taws xob inverter thiab qee qhov ntxiv (tiv thaiv, hloov pauv, lub peev xwm). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hom hluav taws xob no yog hloov pauv (qis) tam sim no los ntawm photodiode mus rau qhov siab dua, uas tuaj yeem nyeem los ntawm arduino nano. Qhov sib npaug-txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm tus tiv thaiv hauv kev tawm tswv yim ntawm OPA. Yuav kom hloov pauv tau ntau dua kuv tau siv 6 qhov sib txawv sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem xaiv nrog kev hloov pauv. Qhov qis tshaj "kev nthuav dav" yog 100, siab tshaj 10 000 000. Txhua yam yog siv los ntawm ib lub roj teeb 9V nkaus xwb.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll

Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll
Kev sim thawj zaug: Kev nqus-nkhaus ntawm Chlorophyll

Rau kev ntsuas ntsuas: Lub khob hliav qab tau ntim nrog dej lossis lwm yam tshuaj dawb dawb. Qhov no tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob. Lub cuvette tab tom npog nrog lub hau kaw nruj. Tam sim no teeb tsa lub hwj chim rau LED kom tam sim no txog 10-20mA ntws los ntawm LED. Tom qab ntawd, siv qhov hloov pauv los xaiv txoj haujlwm uas qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm photodiode nyob ib puag ncig 3-4V. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub zog hloov kho tau. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob U0 no tau sau tseg. Tom qab ntawd nqa lub khob uas muaj cov kua los tshuaj xyuas thiab muab tso rau hauv lub koob yees duab. Txog tam sim no qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov hloov pauv yuav tsum tsis hloov pauv! Tom qab ntawd npog lub cuvette dua nrog lub hau thiab ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob U. Rau kis T hauv feem pua tus nqi yog T = U / U0 * 100. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov nqus coefficient A koj tsuas yog yuav tsum suav A = 100 - T.

Kuv yuav cov xim sib txawv LEDs los ntawm Roithner Lasertechnik uas nyob hauv austria, kuv lub tebchaws. Rau cov no, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tau muab hauv nanometers. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tiag tiag ib tus tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nthwv dej nrog lub tshuab tsom iav thiab Lub Tshuab Siv Hluav Taws Xob (theremino spectrometer). Hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej, cov ntaub ntawv hauv nm pom zoo nrog kev ntsuas zoo heev. Thaum xaiv cov LEDs, koj yuav tsum ua tiav raws li kev pab them nqi ntawm lub nthwv dej ntau ntawm 395nm txog 850nm.

Rau thawj qhov kev sim nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas kuv xaiv chlorophyll. Tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau txiav nyom los ntawm cov nyom vam tias tsis muaj leej twg saib koj …

Cov nyom no yog tom qab txiav rau hauv me me thiab muab ua ke nrog propanol lossis ethanol hauv lub lauj kaub. Tam sim no koj zom cov nplooj nrog cov tshuaj khib los yog rab rawg. Tom qab ob peb feeb, chlorophyll tau yaj zoo hauv propanol. Cov tshuaj no tseem muaj zog heev. Nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog propanol txaus. Thiab kom tsis txhob raug ncua kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau lim. Kuv coj ib qho kas fes-lim dej.

Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum zoo li qhov pom hauv daim duab. Ib qho kev sib tov ntsuab-daj ntau. Tom qab ntawd koj rov ntsuas dua (U0, U) nrog txhua LED. Raws li nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov nqus tau nqus nkhaus, txoj kev xav thiab ntsuas pom zoo heev. Chlorophyll a + b nqus tau zoo heev hauv cov xim xiav thiab liab, thaum ntsuab-daj thiab lub teeb ci tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov kev daws yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Hauv qhov infrared ntau, qhov nqus tau txawm tias ze rau xoom.

Kauj Ruam 4: Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate

Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate
Kev sim zaum ob: Kev vam khom ntawm Kev Tua Tsiaj Qub ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Potassium permanganate

Raws li kev sim ntxiv, kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ploj mus nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem. Raws li kev daws teeb meem, kuv siv cov tshuaj potassium permanganate. Lub teeb pom kev tom qab nkag mus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem ua raws txoj cai Lambert-Beer: Nws nyeem I = I0 * 10 ^ (- E). I0 yog qhov siv tau yam tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem, Kuv siv qhov hnyav nrog solute thiab E qhov thiaj li hu ua kev tuag. Qhov kev ploj tuag E nyob ntawm (linearly) ntawm qhov tuab x ntawm cuvette thiab ntawm qhov ntsuas c ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem. Yog li, E = k * c * x nrog k raws li qhov nqus dej nqus coefficient. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev tuag E koj tsuas xav tau kuv thiab I0, vim E = lg (I0 / I). Thaum qhov txo qis siv rau, piv txwv li, 10%, kev tuag E = 1 (10 ^ -1). Nrog kev qaug zog tsuas yog 1%, E = 2 (10 ^ -2).

Yog tias ib qho siv E raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev mloog zoo c, peb yuav cia siab tias yuav tau txais txoj kab ncaj nce los ntawm xoom taw tes.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kuv txoj kev nkhaus, nws tsis yog linear. Ntawm qhov siab dua, nws flattens, tshwj xeeb los ntawm ntau dua 0.25. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev tuag yuav qis dua qhov xav tau raws li txoj cai Lambert-Beer. Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim siab tsuas yog qis dua, piv txwv li ntawm 0 thiab 0.25, ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev mloog zoo c thiab kev ploj tuag E., qhov kev tsom xam tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov xav tau, txij li kuv tsis tau txiav txim siab thawj zaug ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate yaj (nws tau tsuas yog milligrams, uas tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog kuv chav ntsuas hauv kuv rooj plaub, yaj hauv 4 ml dej rau qhov pib. daws).

Kauj ruam 5: Cov lus xaus

Cov duab ntsuas no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev qhia txog physics thiab chemistry. Qhov nqi tag nrho tsuas yog nyob ib puag ncig 60 Euro = 70 USD. Cov xim sib txawv ntawm LEDs yog qhov kim tshaj plaws. Ntawm ebay lossis aliexpress koj yuav pom qhov pheej yig dua LEDs tab sis feem ntau koj tsis paub tias qhov nthwv dej ntawm LEDs muaj. Pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, kev yuav khoom los ntawm tus kws muag khoom tshwj xeeb tau pom zoo.

Hauv zaj lus qhia no koj kawm qee yam txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xim ntawm cov kua thiab lawv qhov kev nqus-tus cwj pwm, hais txog qhov tseem ceeb Chlorophyll, Txoj Cai Lambert-Beer, kev nthuav tawm, kev xa mus thiab kev nqus, suav cov feem pua thiab cov nthwv dej ntawm cov xim pom. Kuv xav tias qhov no yog ntau heev…

Yog li muaj kev lom zem kuj ua qhov haujlwm no hauv koj zaj lus qhia thiab Eureka!

Qhov kawg tab sis tsis tsawg kawg Kuv yuav zoo siab heev yog tias koj tuaj yeem pov npav rau kuv hauv chav kawm-kev tshawb fawb-kev sib tw. Ua tsaug rau qhov ntawd …

Thiab yog tias koj xav paub ntxiv txog kev sim lub cev, ntawm no yog kuv li youtube-channel:

www.youtube.com/user/stopperl16/videos?

ntau txoj haujlwm physics:

Pom zoo: