5 Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Ua Tau Zoo Breadboarding: 5 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Kuv lub npe yog Jeremy, thiab kuv yog kuv xyoo kawm ntawv nyob hauv Kettering University. Raws li tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Engineering, Kuv tau muaj sijhawm los siv sijhawm ntau teev nyob rau hauv chav sim tsim cov kab hluav taws xob me me ntawm cov laug cam. Yog tias koj tau ntsib nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob me me thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsis pom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm no. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau pib siv lub khob cij, qhia txog cov khoom sib xws, thiab tsim cov kab hluav taws xob me me. Ib qho ntxiv, Kuv yuav tham luv luv txog yuav teeb tsa koj li cas hauv Circuit, nrog rau qee cov tswv yim daws teeb meem rau cov sijhawm ntawd thaum yam tsis zoo.

Nws tau kwv yees tias tus neeg nyeem qhov no muaj qee qhov kev paub nrog cov hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntsiab lus: kev ntws tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, qhov sib txawv, kev coj ua, luv-Circuit Court, qhib-Circuit Court, hlws ris, thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees. Ib qho ntxiv, nws xav tias tus nyeem tau paub nrog hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv ib puag ncig lab.

Kuv sau qhov no vim tias kuv nyiam tsim cov kab hluav taws xob me me hauv chav sim thiab tau pom qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thiab ua tsis raug raws txoj kev. Kuv vam tias qhov no yuav pab qee tus neeg tsuas yog pib ntawm lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv kev tshawb pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom pom qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig uas yuav cawm tau lawv qee qhov mob taub hau uas kuv tau ntsib nrog txoj kev, thiab qhib lub qhov rooj rau kev zoo siab ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev me me!

Kauj Ruam 1: Breadboard

Dab tsi yog breadboard?:

Cov cuab yeej nrov rau kev tsim qauv thiab ntsuas cov kab hluav taws xob, tso cai rau tus neeg siv txuas sai thiab sib pauv cov khoom sib txuas thiab ua kev sib txuas tau yooj yim. Kev siv lub khob cij tso cai rau sib dhos sai thiab hloov kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yam tsis xav tau cov khoom siv soldering.

Kev teeb tsa:

Cov kab dav dav: Khiav mus rau kab rov tav, nrog kab lej nce ntxiv tsib, thiab kab ntawv hauv pawg ntawm tsib. Kab 1, kab A-E ua ib qho txuas mus txuas ntxiv-lossis txuas, thiab Kab 1, kab F-J ua lwm qhov

Cov kab tsheb npav: Khiav kab ntsug ua ob kab ntev ntawm txhua sab, thiab muaj daim ntawv lo "+" lossis "-". Tag nrho + kab txaij yog ib qho txuas txuas mus tas li, thiab - kab txaij yog qhov txuas txuas mus tas li, tso cai rau ntau qhov khoom siv txuas nrog lub zog siv

Trough / Groove: Khiav qhov ntev ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov ntsug ntawm nruab nrab daim kab xev. Cov kab tsis txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov zawj no, tso cai siv Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke (IC's)

Cov qhob cij tuaj yeem yuav tau ntau yam ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, tab sis cov lus piav qhia saum toj no tseem zoo ib yam txawm tias koj muaj ib nrab ntawm lub khob cij, lossis tus qauv loj dua nrog lub hwj chim qhov hluav taws xob thiab ntau lub laug cam tau teeb tsa rau phaj hlau.

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav hauv kev ua koj cov circuits, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib tham hauv lub khob cij. Thaum ua haujlwm kom raug, daim ntawv qhia zaub mov yog lub cuab yeej zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hloov kho ntawm yoov!

Kauj Ruam 2: Paub Koj Cov Cheeb Tsam

Hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, ib tus yuav ntsib ntau yam khoom siv. Thaum qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj ua kom tiav, Kuv yuav hais qhia qee qhov feem ntau siv, lawv lub hom phiaj, thiab qee qhov ceeb toom rau kev tuav. Ntau yam mob taub hau tuaj yeem raug cawm los ntawm kev tuav thiab siv cov khoom kom raug. Yog tias koj tab tom pib tawm hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ntau cov khoom siv sib xyaw tuaj yeem pom los muab cov hauv paus rau koj qis dua $ 20.

Resistor: (ntsuas hauv Ohms) Tiv thaiv qhov ntws ntawm tam sim no hauv Circuit Court. Nyob ntawm qhov kev tso kawm nyob hauv ib lub voj voog tuaj yeem siv los faib qhov hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no. Cov neeg tiv taus muaj cov xim sib txawv ntawm lawv uas qhia lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv tus nqi hauv ohms ntxiv rau lawv qhov ua siab ntev. Ib lub rooj muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tsis kam ua haujlwm. Tus tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia hauv ib lub voj voog, thiab yuav ua haujlwm zoo ib yam (nws tsis muaj polarity).

Photo-Resistor: Tiv thaiv qhov ntws ntawm tam sim no. Tus nqi tiv thaiv sib txawv raws qhov pom kev ib puag ncig. Yuav siv tau rau hauv cov ntawv thov dimming lossis qhib lub Circuit Court thaum lub teeb pom kev tsawg.

Capacitor: (ntsuas hauv Farads) Lub tshuab hluav taws xob khaws lub zog uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem xa mus rau hauv Circuit Court tom qab lub sijhawm. Nws ua raws qhov thaiv rau qhov ncaj qha tam sim no, tab sis tso cai hloov pauv tam sim no kom dhau mus. Cov Capacitors muaj ntau yam kev thov los ntawm kev lim dej ntau zaus kom ua rau cov ripples du hauv qhov kev hloov kho hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob tsis yog cov khoom sib nqus, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, vim tias lawv tau xaiv cov hlau lead rau txuas rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj thaum tso rov qab.

Transistor: Tus transistor yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tswj cov dej ntws tam sim no, ua kom pom cov cim, lossis ua raws li kev hloov pauv. Muaj ntau ntau hom sib txawv ntawm transistor, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thaum ntxov (piv txwv tias koj muaj qhov transistor raug rau daim ntawv thov) yog qhov kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob poob zoo li qub rau cov khoom no.

Diode: Ib qho Diode yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua raws li ib txoj hauv kev kos lub valve kom ntws tam sim no. Thaum mus rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tam sim no nkag mus rau hauv anode (+ lead) thiab ntws tawm cathode (- lead). Thaum thim rov qab-tsis ncaj ncees, txawm li cas los xij, nws ua raws li kev qhib qhib, thiab tsis muaj cov dej ntws tam sim no hla cov khoom siv. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum raug coj mus rau qhov kev taw qhia, vim tias tso lub diode rov qab yuav ua rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo hauv Circuit Court, lossis tshuab diode tshuab.

Teeb-Emitting Diode (LEED): Ib qho tshwj xeeb diode uas tso tawm lub teeb thaum nws ua. Siv ntau daim ntawv thov me me uas xav tau cov ntsuas. Cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg heev, thiab lub neej ntev heev.

Integrated Circuit: Qhov kawg ntawm kuv yuav qhia yog kev sib koom ua ke (IC). Muaj ntau ntau qhov sib txawv los sau rau ntawm no, tab sis ob peb yog cov ua haujlwm ua haujlwm lub zog, lub sijhawm, tus tswj hluav taws xob, thiab cov laj thawj logic. Cov kab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke muab tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob hauv cov nti me me, thiab tuaj yeem muaj cov tiv thaiv, diodes, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov transistors tag nrho hauv cov nti me dua li ib dime. Muaj cov rooj sib tham tus lej rau tus pin ntawm IC nti, muaj qhov nkag los, lossis tus lej nyob saum npoo ntawm lub nti, thiab qhov no sib xws rau tus pin #1, cov pins yog tom qab ntawd suav tus lej sab, thiab rov qab rau lwm tus..

CEEV FAJ! Cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev poob siab zoo li qub.

Nrog rau cov khoom siv saum toj no, muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xa tawm, hloov pauv, lub zog, lub zog hloov pauv, tiv thaiv xya-ntu qhia, fuses, hloov pauv … koj tau txais lub tswv yim! Kev tshawb fawb hauv online sai yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (Piv txwv li: kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom, lub transistor ua dab tsi?, Hom capacitors)

Paub txog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim txog cov khoom koj tab tom siv, txawm hais tias lawv tsis zoo li qub, thiab seb lawv puas muaj polarity lossis yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsis tsuas yog koj yuav txuag sijhawm, nyiaj txiag, thiab mob taub hau; tab sis lub voj voog yuav zoo dua ua haujlwm raws li xav tau sai dua!

Kauj Ruam 3: Lub Koom Haum Tseem Ceeb

Lub Koom Haum - Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb?:

Cov voj voos saum toj no (Sab xis) yog qhov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tshwj xeeb. Thaum thawj zaug siv cov xov hluav taws xob tsawg, nws tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj rau kev tsim hluav taws xob me me. Muaj ntau chav nyob ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov rau cov khoom me me; tsis txhob ntshai siv qhov chaw no!

Thaum xaiv qhov yuav siv dab tsi rau coj yog tus kheej, ob peb yam tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua. Coob leej neeg yuav siv tooj liab xaim thiab ua lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuv nyiam tshaj yog cov khoom siv dhia paj paws uas tuaj yeem yuav hauv online tau pheej yig. Cov hlua dhia tau ua los ntawm cov hlua hlau tiv thaiv cov hlau tooj liab txhav, thiab muaj tus pin ntawm qhov kawg kom siv tau yooj yim. Qhov kom zoo dua nrog cov hlua, yog qhov thaiv tau yooj yim dua, yog li koj tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam kev sib txuas, thiab muaj kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua. Daim ntawv kawg ntawm kab thaiv, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau "xim xim" koj txoj hlua nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas yooj yim rau koj taug qab (daim duab sab laug saum toj no). Piv txwv li, Kuv nyiam khaws kuv cov xov tooj liab thiab dub rau kuv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo (feem), Kuv feem ntau siv cov xim grey lossis txiv kab ntxwv rau kuv qhov av ib txwm, xiav rau teeb liab nkag, thiab dawb lossis daj rau kev sib txuas sab hauv. Yog tias koj muaj ntau lub zog siv, nrog rau cov tswv yim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ua cov cim npe rau koj cov xov hlau thiab sau lawv kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib txuas tom qab.

Thaum nws los txog hauv qab daim duab qhia chaw, txhua yam yooj yim dua yog tias koj teeb tsa koj cov khoom siv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom ze li sai tau rau qhov teeb tsa hauv kab lus. Txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem pom koj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm ib nrais muag, ntxiv rau ua kom yooj yim rau taug qab cov teeb liab txoj hauv kev / daws teeb meem kev ua tsis tiav. Cov kev sim hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau yuav qhia koj kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob lossis ntsuas tam sim no ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hauv Circuit Court; nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no muaj koj lub cev hauv lub cev cuam tshuam nrog cov phiaj xwm yog qhov kev pab loj! Thaum kawg, thaum koj nkag mus rau hauv cov kab ke nyuaj dua thiab ua tau zoo dua, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kom cov khoom siv nkag tau yooj yim dua (xws li Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob) kom deb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xa tawm, thiab lwm yam khoom uas lawv tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

Yog tias lub voj voog koj tab tom tsim muaj ib (lossis ntau dua) kev sib txuas ua ke, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom xav tau los tsim lub Circuit Court tuaj yeem ua rau nrawm nrawm. Txhawm rau pab txo qis thiab ua kom yooj yim dua ntawm koj tus kheej, nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los tso qhov kev sib koom ua ke kom deb ntawm txhua yam ntxiv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab tso lwm cov khoom sib txuas nrog ua rau IC pins. txoj hauv kev no, nws yooj yim dua los txiav txim siab yam tom qab. Yog tias lub Circuit Court yuav raug tsim rau hauv daim ntawv ruaj khov tom qab, koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke txhua yam kom haum rau hauv qhov chaw me me.

Kauj Ruam 4: Kev Troubleshooting Yooj Yim

Txhua yam zoo - txog thaum nws tsis yog!

Yog li koj tau ua koj cov ntawv ua tom tsev, koj nkag siab koj cov khoom, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob tau ua raws nraim li cov lus qhia qhia. Tig lub hwj chim hloov… thiab… Tsis muaj dab tsi! Nws tsis yog qhov yooj yim los tsim lub Circuit Court me me thiab pom tom qab ntawd tias qee yam tsis raug. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev kawm. Paub txog qhov pib nrog kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem txo qhov teeb meem thiab khaus ntawm cov teeb meem.

Lub zog siv hluav taws xob: Feem ntau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los pib daws teeb meem kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tau mus rau hauv Circuit Court. Yog tias kev siv hluav taws xob nrog lub roj teeb, siv ntau lub ntsuas los ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob thiab xyuas kom lawv txaus "kua txiv" txaus los ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob muaj zog. Yog tias siv fais fab tuag, muaj ntau yam los xav txog:

Hom kev siv fais fab: Ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm los muab qhov hluav taws xob tas li (cc) lossis qhov hluav taws xob tas li (cv). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw raug xaiv raug xaiv kom ua haujlwm tau zoo. Feem ntau cov haujlwm me me yuav txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua

Av / Qhov tsis zoo voltage: Yog tias koj qhov project tau siv lub roj teeb, qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov teeb meem. Thaum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, feem ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo siv (xws li rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm zoo) nrog rau muaj qhov sib koom ua ke. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm no, thiab TSIS pom qhov tsis zoo qhov hluav taws xob thiab thaj av ib yam li hloov pauv tau

Kev teeb tsa lub zog siv hluav taws xob: Yog tias siv qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, xyuas kom koj paub hloov kho teeb tsa lub zog. Qhov no yuav sib txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis ib txwm yuav ua tiav los ntawm kev xaiv hloov pauv nyob rau sab xub ntiag ntawm chav tsev. Thawj thawj zaug kuv siv lub hwj chim los muab -12 volts rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, Kuv ua tsis tiav los tshuaj xyuas qhov teeb tsa rau qhov hluav taws xob tau hloov kho rau ob qho + thiab - khoom siv. Raws li qhov tsim nyog, Kuv tau siv sijhawm ntau dua ib teev rov txhim kho / rov kuaj ob zaug kuv lub voj voog

Kev teeb tsa Circuit Court

Ua ib qho kev sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov phiaj xwm, yog tias koj tau tsim koj lub Circuit Court los tsom iav cov phiaj xwm hauv cov txheej txheem, cov kauj ruam no yooj yim dua.

Txheeb xyuas qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb (diodes, capacitors, transistors)

Ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov coj ntawm cov khoom tsis kov qhov tsim cov xwm txheej luv luv

Txheeb xyuas cov kab dav dav dav, xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua qhov txuas thiab cov xov hlau tau khov kho rau hauv qhov chaw sib cuag thiab txhua yam khoom siv uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ua tau. Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom txav mus rau lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaum cov khoom tsis sib xws. Qhov no tsim kev tawg (lossis qhib Circuit Court)

Yog tias txhua yam zoo li zoo nrog lub zog, kev tiv thaiv kev tivthaiv, thiab thaiv, pib xav tias muaj qhov ua tsis raug. Yog tias lub Circuit Court muaj IC, qee zaum tsuas yog pauv qhov ntawd tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem. Ib qho ntxiv, yog tias koj nyob hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, koj yuav pom tias koj muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis raug, lub tshuab diode, lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas ib pab pawg tau siv yav dhau los tsis raug thiab raug rhuav tshem

Cov theem saum toj no yuav tsum daws ntau yam teeb meem uas tau ntsib hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court, tab sis yog tias txhua yam zoo li zoo thiab nws tseem tsis ua haujlwm, tej zaum nws yuav yog lub sijhawm los rhuav tshem txhua yam, ua ob zaug tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov cuam tshuam, thiab txheeb xyuas txhua yam uas yog tuaj yeem kuaj nrog cov cuab yeej muaj. Feem ntau cov duab kos - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov siv rau kev sim hauv ib puag ncig kev kawm -tau tsim thiab ua pov thawj ntau zaug, yog li nws tsis zoo li qhov teeb meem nyob hauv kev tsim qauv. Yog tias, txawm li cas los xij, koj tab tom tsim koj tus kheej Circuit Court, thiab tsis tuaj yeem daws teeb meem los ntawm kev teeb meem teeb meem, nws yuav yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws kom rov qab mus rau daim duab teeb duab thiab txheeb xyuas koj tus qauv Circuit Court rau qhov tsis raug.

Kauj Ruam 5: Tsis Txhob Tso

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev kom tau txais kev ntxhov siab thaum tsim cov hluav taws xob me me. Muaj cov lus suav tsis txheeb qhov txawv ntawm yuav ua li cas tej zaum tuaj yeem ua tsis raug. Qee qhov teeb meem nyuaj rau daws teeb meem ntau dua li lwm qhov. Txawm hais tias yooj yim dua li ua tiav, tsis txhob cia qhov kev chim huab txiav txim siab. Ib kauj ruam rov qab, ua kom txias, thiab ntsuas qhov xwm txheej los ntawm qhov laj thawj kev xav. Kuv tau yuav luag taug kev tawm ntawm kev sim ntau zaus vim yog kev ntxhov siab, tsuas yog pom tias ib tus hlau lead tau raug cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw, lossis lub teeb liab tawm tsis tau qhib. Ntau zaus ntau dua, qhov teeb meem hauv Circuit Court tsuas yog nthuav dav me me. Ua cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem los ntsuas lub Circuit Court thiab txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem feem ntau ua rau kev daws teeb meem. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob los tshawb nrhiav, tsis txhob cia qhov poob lossis ua tsis tau tso cai rau koj tso tseg rau qhov kev ua tau zoo!