Kev Txhim Kho Game 101: Cov Lus Qhia & Cov Lus Qhia!: 11 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:29

Yog li, koj puas nyiam ua video game? Tej zaum nws txog lub sijhawm, koj tau tsim koj tus kheej!

Tsis zoo nkauj? Lub tswv yim, uas koj tau txais los tsim koj tus kheej lub ntiaj teb, raws li koj cov cai thiab kev xav? Kuv xav tias nws yog.

Tab sis cia saib qhov tseeb rau tam sim no. Koj pib tsim koj tus kheej kev ua si, muaj peev txheej ntau los kawm los ntawm, muaj youtube thiab suav tsis txheeb lwm yam kev kawm thiab vev xaib! Hnub tig mus rau hli, hli mus rau xyoo, thiab koj pib poob siab ntev.

Qhov tseeb yog, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj tag nrho, qhov tseeb nws yooj yim dua thiab siv sijhawm tsawg dua li koj xav!

Kuv xav qhia qee cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb heev, uas neeg feem coob tsis quav ntsej, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas feem ntau cov kev ua si tsis tau tshaj tawm thaum kawg.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tus tsim qauv game/tus tsim tawm yuav tsum paub txog, yog PERFORMANCE. Txoj cai los ntawm qhov pib, uas yuav tsum yog koj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj cov kev ua si yuav tsum zoo, nrog cov duab zoo thiab txhua yam, tab sis dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus yog tias koj qhov kev ua si xav tau supercomputer los khiav nws?

Thiab qhov ntawd tsuas yog vim li cas feem ntau cov kev ua si tsis ua tiav.

Yog tias koj txaus siab/pib hauv kev txhim kho game, Kuv xav kom koj paub tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau ib yam! Nws yog ib qho yooj yim, thiab nws lom zem. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau qhia meej txog yam koj xav ua. Qhov kev txiav txim siab loj los ua, yog seb koj puas yuav ua yeeb yam game, lossis koj yuav ua qee yam uas tau mob siab rau lub cajmeem, zoo li Minecraft.

Yog tias koj ua tau zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm, tab sis kuj xav ua kom nws zoo nkauj, koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj tsim lub game. Nws yuav dhau mus rau qhov tsis meej pem rau koj, thiab koj qhov muaj feem thib yuav sib xyaw.

Yog tias koj yog tus pib nrog tsis muaj txuj ci kev ua haujlwm, Kuv hais kom ua 2D kev ua si ua ntej, lossis tej zaum yog kev ua si kos duab yog tias koj mus txog qhov nyuaj (nws yooj yim ua tau).

Kev sib sau ua ke yog lub cav game uas kuv yuav qhia, tsis yog vim Unity tau ua rau nws yooj yim heev rau tib neeg los ua kev ua si, tab sis kuj vim tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov peev txheej los pab koj pib.

Txhua lub cav game muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, yog tias koj xav sib piv ua ntej koj pib, xav tias khawb ib puag ncig.

Nov yog qhov chaw pib zoo! Ua qee qhov kev ua si 2D siv cov kev qhia no ua ntej. Tshaj tawm lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau qhov haujlwm loj tom ntej! Tseem ceeb tshaj, muaj kev lom zem!:)

[NCO TSEG: Kuv tau txuas nrog.pdf cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov npe ntawm cov keyboard luv rau Kev Sib Koom]

Kauj Ruam 1: (Ua kom yuam kev 1) Volumetric Teeb

Yog tias koj tau ua dua ib qho txuj ci ua si (lossis pom ib tus neeg ua si), piv txwv li: Playdead's Limbo; koj yuav tsum tau pom tias yuav ua li cas cov duab hluav taws pom ntawm lub vijtsam. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj, tsis yog nws?

Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no ib yam nkaus! Muaj ntau ntau yam cuab yeej (qee qhov yog pub dawb) muaj nyob hauv khw uas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov ntawd, piv txwv li: Aura. Tab sis cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem txo koj li FPS suav ntau, cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev ua tau zoo ntawm koj qhov kev ua si.

Muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua los ua qhov no, uas yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm! Cia kuv qhia koj li cas!

Koj xav tau cov cuab yeej ua qauv 3D, Kuv pom zoo kom Blender (nws yog pub dawb!). Koj tuaj yeem rub nws ntawm no.

1. Qhib Blender Rho tawm txhua yam khoom tsis tsim nyog ntawm qhov screen.

2. Nias Shift+A ntawm koj cov keyboard txhawm rau ntxiv lub mesh tshiab.

3. Mus rau Mesh> Xaiv Lub Cone!

4. Qhov ntawd yog nws. Txuag nws ua cov ntaub ntawv.blend, lossis koj tuaj yeem xa nws mus rau lwm hom ntawv. Tam sim no Kev sib haum xeeb txhawb nqa ntau hom qauv.

Tam sim no Luam tus qauv ntawd (lub khob hliav qab), thiab muab nws tso rau hauv koj cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm koj qhov project.

Peb xav tau tus duab ntxoov ntxoo tshiab rau Lub Cone no. Yog li cia peb ua tus Shader ntawd

1. Qhib koj txoj haujlwm hauv Kev Sib Koom.

2. Hauv qhov project tab, Txoj cai nyem> Tsim> Shader.

3. Hloov lub Shader li 'Transparent Shader'.

4. Qhib cov ntaub ntawv shader (monodevelop yog kev koom ua ke lub khoos phis tawj qub).

5. Luam cov Cai los ntawm daim duab saum toj no.

Qhov ntawd yog nws, peb txhua tus tau teeb tsa! Tam sim no txuag tus Shader.

Peb yuav tsum tsim Cov Khoom Siv los siv peb tus Shader tshiab:

1. Hauv qhov project tab, Txoj cai nyem> Tsim> khoom.

2. Koj yuav pom qhov ntxoov ntxoo xaiv (tso rau hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov) nyob rau sab saum toj.

3. Hloov nws los ntawm tus qauv shader> Pob tshab Shader.

Ntxiv koj lub khob rau qhov xwm txheej, hloov cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv Default> Koj cov khoom tshiab

Koj tseem tuaj yeem hloov xim ntawm koj Cov Khoom nyob ntawm qhov xim ntawm lub teeb uas koj yuav siv. Tsis tas li, tus nqi pob tshab tuaj yeem hloov kho!

Tam sim no, ntxiv tsom rau koj lub khob! Ua li no:

1. Txoj Cai Nyem rau ntawm koj lub Cone qauv nyob rau hauv hierarchy

2. Teeb> Tsom teeb

Hloov cov xim ntawm koj lub tsom teeb raws li koj xav tau. Kho qhov kev siv thiab ntau yam ntawm koj qhov kev tsom teeb, nrog rau kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm Koj Lub Qauv Qauv!

Kauj Ruam 2: (Ua kom yuam kev 2) Siv Fog

Fog feem ntau yog siv los tsim qhov zoo ib puag ncig zoo hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem qhuas qhov kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua si.

Sib nrug los ntawm qhov ntawd, hauv Kev ua yeeb yaj kiab game, huab tau siv los nkaum cov khoom uas nyob deb ntawm Lub Koob Yees Duab.

Hauv Kev Sib Koom, Lub Koob Yees Duab gameobject muaj qhov kev xaiv hu ua 'Far Clip plane'. Kho qhov kev xaiv no txiav txim siab tias koj lub Koob Yees Duab tuaj yeem pom deb npaum li cas. Txhawm rau nce kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi no qee zaum qis dua. Tab sis peb tsis xav kom tus neeg ua si pom tias cov khoom nyob deb ntawm cov neeg ua si tau ploj mus li cas!

Nov yog qhov uas siv cov pos los ua ke! Ntxiv huab rau koj qhov xwm txheej, kho qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov ntawd yog nws!

Nyeem ntxiv txog huab cua ntawm no.

Txhawm rau ntxiv huab rau koj qhov chaw:

1. Mus rau lub teeb pom kev zoo (Lub kaum sab xis saum toj, ib sab ntawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas tab)

2. Qhov kev xaiv huab yuav tsum nyob hauv qab ntawm lub tab no.

3. Nyem rau ntawm lub npov kom qhib

4. Kho cov xim, thiab ntom ntawm koj cov pos huab

Kauj Ruam 3: (Trick 3) Siv Qhov tob ntawm Teb

Koj puas tau siv lub koob yees duab DSLR los thaij duab? Hnov ntawm bokeh? Yog tias koj muaj, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim npaum li cas ntawm kev ua haujlwm!

Nws cov txiaj ntsig siv los sim ua kom pom tseeb thiab ua kom pom tseeb, zoo li yog lub koob yees duab kwv yees hauv koj qhov kev ua si yog lub Koob Yees Duab tiag!

Txawm li cas los xij, thov nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem txo koj li FPS suav ntau

Nyeem ntxiv txog Depth of Field ntawm no.

Koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws los ntawm Unity Asset Store, muaj ob qho kev xaiv, cov teebmeem cuam tshuam qub, thiab kev tshaj tawm tshiab ua pawg. Ib qho twg tuaj yeem siv tau.

Txhawm rau siv cov txiaj ntsig no:

1. Rub lub pob tsim nyog.

2. Xaiv lub Koob Yees Duab yam koj nyiam.

3. Nyem rau ntawm ntxiv tivthaiv.

4. Ntaus hauv, 'Qhov tob ntawm daim teb'.

5. Xaiv cov ntawv tsim nyog.

6. Kho qhov tseem ceeb.

Kauj Ruam 4: (Ua kom yuam kev 4) Siv Bloom

Bloom yog lwm qhov pom kev zoo nyob hauv Unity editor.

Yog tias koj xav tau tsim qhov xwm txheej zoo li npau suav, lossis tej zaum, ib puag ncig tej yam yees siv, cov paj tawg yuav txuag koj lub hnub! Nws ntxiv qhov ci ci rau txhua qhov kev ua si hauv qhov xwm txheej.

Nyeem ntxiv txog Bloom ntawm no.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv muaj nyob hauv Unity Asset Store rau ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig no. Txawm li cas los xij kuv yuav pom zoo siv 'Fast Mobile Bloom'. Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ntawm FPS suav, thiab yog qhov ua tau zoo heev!

Txhawm rau ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig no rau koj qhov xwm txheej:

1. Rub lub pob tsim nyog.

2. Xaiv koj Lub Hom Phiaj Lub Koob Yees Duab hauv Scene.

3. Nyem rau Ntxiv Kev Tiv Thaiv.

4. Ntaus hauv 'Bloom'

5. Kho qhov tseem ceeb raws li xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 5: (Ua kom yuam kev 5) Ntau Lub Teeb

Cov teeb pom kev zoo muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog li vim li cas ho tsis siv nws zoo?

Peb tuaj yeem siv ntau lub teeb taw qhia ntawm cov xim sib txawv los qhuas qhov kev kos duab ntawm peb qhov kev ua si!

Piv txwv li; Piv txwv tias koj tab tom ua Sci-fi Cyberpunk-ish game. Yog li koj tuaj yeem siv ib lub teeb pom kev uas yog xim daj (zoo li lub hnub), lwm lub teeb pom kev uas yog xim liab-xim lossis xim liab tuaj yeem ntxiv cov xim tinted rau koj qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 6: (Ua kom yuam kev 6) Siv Sprites Raws Li Tom Qab

Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab suav FPS, Sprites tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv 3d tiag tiag!

Qhov no yuav txuag koj ntau lub sijhawm (3d qauv siv sijhawm ntau), thiab tseem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm koj cov kev ua si.

Ua tus sprite hauv adobe illustrator, xa tawm nws li-p.webp

Txhawm rau nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas sprites ua haujlwm, nyem ntawm no.

Nov yog daim vis dis aus qhia yuav ua li cas ntxiv Sprites rau koj qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 7: (Ntsis Lus 1) Yuav Ua Li Cas Ntxiv CPU/GPU Kev Ua Haujlwm

Nov yog tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm, tab sis feem ntau raug saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom:

1. Ib txwm sim ua kom cov meshes tsawg tsawg li sai tau. Piv txwv li; yog tias koj muaj tus lej txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv pob tawb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum ua nws ib lub mesh hauv koj cov cuab yeej ua qauv 3D ntau dua li muaj cov mesh sib cais rau txiv apples, txiv tsawb, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lwm yam.

2. Siv cov ntaub ntawv tsawg li koj ua tau. Ib txwm sim siv ib yam khoom/ntxaij ntau dua li siv tsib. Muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua cov meshes zoo ib yam rau CPU.

3. Kev sib haum xeeb muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev hu ua 'Batching'. Muaj ob hom batching, zoo li qub thiab dynamic. Static batching tau siv dav. Nws suav nrog qhov qub (tsis txav) gameobjects rau hauv Meshes loj, thiab ua rau lawv nrawm dua. Txhawm rau pab kom zoo li qub batching, xaiv gameobject> hauv tus kws tshuaj xyuas tab, nyob rau sab xis saum toj, nyem rau ntawm lub npov uas hais tias 'Zoo li qub'. Qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog cov gameobjects yuav tsum tsis txhob txav mus, thiab tsuas yog cov khoom siv tib cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua ke ua ke.

Txhawm rau nyeem ntau ntxiv txog batching, nyem qhov no.

4. Textures. Cov ntaub ntawv duab uas koj ntshuam los ua cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau koj cov khoom. Cov no yog cov neeg ua txhaum ib txwm uas yuav ua rau qeeb koj cov duab kev ua tau zoo. Ib txwm siv cov ntawv me me (tab sis tsis zoo).

5. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tus lej ntawm daim duab peb sab siv hauv 3d qauv ntawm koj tus cim. Yog li sim koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom ua daim duab peb sab suav qis thaum tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo.

Kauj Ruam 8: (Ntsis 2) Kev Ua Haujlwm Vs Teeb

Lub hierarchy ntawm teeb raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo yog: Cov teeb pom kev zoo> Cov Teeb Taw Qhia> Teeb Pom Kev

Kev siv teeb hauv koj qhov chaw ua rau nws zoo saib, tab sis nco ntsoov tsis txhob siv lub teeb ntau dua qhov tsim nyog kiag li. Nws siv sijhawm ntau los ua lub sijhawm los xam cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov khoom ib puag ncig

Thov nco tseg cov hauv qab no:

1. Cov tsom teeb yog lub teeb kim tshaj plaws thaum nws los txog rau kev ua tau zoo. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem hloov lawv nrog cov teeb taw qhia, ua nws!

2. Tsom teeb thiab Point teeb muaj ntau yam. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom uas nyob hauv thaj tsam. Yog tias koj muaj cov khoom loj kom pom kev, ntau dua li siv tib lub teeb ntau, siv ntau lub teeb me me! Cov lej ntau dua ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teeb, txhais tau tias suav ntau dua, yog li, kev ua haujlwm qis.

3. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub mesh yuav tsuas teb rau yim lub teeb pom kev zoo cuam tshuam rau lub mesh ntawd.

Kauj Ruam 9: (Ntsis 3) Scripting Vs Kev Ua Tau Zoo

1. Hloov kho thiab Txhim Kho Kev Hloov Kho tshiab, tsis txhob siv lawv tshwj tsis yog qhov tsim nyog. Qee zaum, tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, thiab koj tsuas yog yuav tsum siv cov haujlwm no. Qhov ntawd, khaws nws me me thiab yooj yim. Tsis txhob muab cov khoom tso rau hauv cov haujlwm no. Cov haujlwm no hu ua ob peb zaug hauv ib pliag, thiab tuaj yeem ntxiv tau ntxiv yog tias koj muaj ntau tus ntawv sau nrog Hloov kho lub luag haujlwm.

2. Kev sib koom ua ke monodevelop muaj qhov hloov tshiab () los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Yog tias koj tsis siv nws, tshem nws los ntawm ib tsab ntawv uas muaj nws tab sis koj tsis siv nws.

3. Coroutines tuaj yeem siv ua lwm txoj hauv kev noj qab haus huv los hloov kho hu.

4. Nco ntsoov nco ntsoov kaw cov ntawv monobehaviour uas koj tsis siv lawm, tab sis tseem ua haujlwm hauv koj qhov xwm txheej.

5. Ib txwm sim hu xov tooj rau txoj haujlwm ncaj qha ua tau.

Kauj Ruam 10: (Ntsis 4) Kev Txhim Kho Lub Suab

Tsis txhob siv cov ntaub ntawv kaw suab los ua suab nrov me me zoo li rab phom. Nws yuav ua rau CPU siv sijhawm qee lub sijhawm (tsis tas yuav tsum tau) uncompressing nws ntawm runtime.

Kauj Ruam 11: Xaus

Tshawb nrhiav! Qhov ntawd yog cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem muab tau. Tshawb cov tswv yim, tswvyim kos duab, saib dab tsi lwm tus neeg tab tom tsim, tau txais tswv yim, txhim kho cov tswv yim ntawd!