Cov Lus Qhia thiab Cov Lus Qhia rau Electronics: 6 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Hauv Cov Lus Qhia no, Kuv tau sau ua ke cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia kuv xav tias kuv paub thaum kuv tau pib ua ntej. Txhua "kauj ruam" yog pawg sib txawv, thiab txhua tus lej suav yog cov lus qhia lossis dag. Cov kab lus uas ua siab tawv hauv txhua qhov khoom yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm ob peb kab lus uas ua raws.

Muaj daim ntawv teev npe kawg ntawm qhov kuv nyiam/qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj nyeem tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, Kuv yuav hais mus rau qhov kawg kom tau txais qee qhov zoo thiab tseem yuav tau txais cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws!

Kauj ruam 1: Tsim

1. Nrhiav thiab siv cov qauv tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tsim qee yam los ntawm hauv av yog tias nws twb tau tsim los ntawm lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj tsis tau ua txhaum cov cai twg.
2. Tsim ntawm daim ntawv. Lub zog ntawm thev naus laus zis feem ntau ua rau peb qeeb, vim peb yuav tsum khaws tseg tas li, txhawj xeeb txog kev tsoo, txuag, hla cov nkauj ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd txuag dua. Yog tias koj pib ntawm daim ntawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav feem ntau ntawm qhov ua tiav yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm thev naus laus zis.

Kauj ruam 2: Prototyping

1. Tsab ntawv mus rau perfection. Tsis txhob tso tseg kev tsim qauv kom txog thaum koj tau tsim qauv ua haujlwm raws li nws yuav tsum tau ua. Tsis txhob hais tias, "Kuv yuav suav nrog nws hauv qhov tsim qauv zaum kawg." Ib txwm kho txhua yam teeb meem hauv theem pib ua ntej txav mus.
2. Xim xim xov hlau. Siv cov xov hlau jumper uas muaj xim thaum lub rooj ua mov ci cia koj taug qab cov teeb liab thiab cov kab hluav taws xob yooj yim dua. Kuv ib txwm siv tus qauv liab rau qhov zoo thiab dub rau qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau lwm cov xim sawv cev rau cov cim qhia.
3. Siv cov xov hlau luv. Cov xov hlau jumper ntev yog cov nyom (thiab yog qhov mob los ua haujlwm nrog), yog li siv cov xov hluav taws xob luv dua, koj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov tais ci. Tsis tas li, cov xov hlau luv dua, kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua koj yuav tau txais.
4. Siv qhov tiag. Qhov no zoo ib yam nrog tus lej ib, tab sis siv qhov tiag hauv kev tsim qauv. Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua hauv kev tsim qauv, tsuas yog hloov nws nrog ib qho hauv qhov tsim qauv zaum kawg. Nco ntsoov tias tus qauv tsim ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom koj yuav siv.
5. Tsis txhob khoov. Ntawm DIP IC nti, nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau khoov cov hlau lead thaum muab tso rau hauv lub khob cij. Thaum lawv khoov, koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj rau lawv ncaj, thiab lawv yuav qaug zog ntau. Cia li ua siab mos siab muag, thiab tsis txhob yuam nws.
6. Siv lub hwj chim saum lub rooj zaum. Kuv tsis muaj (Kuv tab tom ua ib qho), tab sis yog tias koj ua, koj yuav tsum siv nws vim koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas qhov ntws tam sim no thiab tswj qhov hluav taws xob yooj yim. Tsis tas li, lawv feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv luv Circuit Court, uas yog ib qho ntxiv rau cov qauv.

Kauj ruam 3: Troubleshooting

1. Teeb meem cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua ntej. Thaum koj xub pib sim kho lub Circuit Court, koj yuav tsum ib txwm pib nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Lawv feem ntau yuav ua tsis tiav, thiab, raws li lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm yam, ib qho teeb meem tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Los ntawm kev pib nrog ntu tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntau txoj hauv kev.
2. Pib nrog yam uas nrawm tshaj plaws. Nws yog ntse los txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas yooj yim thiab nrawm los tshuaj xyuas ua ntej. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj txheeb xyuas lub zog ua ntej txhua qhov kev sib txuas, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev xaiv ntawd sai dua li lwm txoj hauv kev. Thaum kuv daws teeb meem, kuv siv cov npe no:

• Xyuas lub hwj chim. Feem ntau, Kuv tau muaj lub zog txuas rau qhov tsis raug lossis kuv tau tshuab lub fuse.
• Txheeb xyuas kev sib txuas. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog yog tias kuv tau ua qee yam tsis raug. Txheeb xyuas txhua yam ntawm koj qhov kev sib txuas, txawm li cas los xij koj yuav tsum yog. Qhov phem tshaj yog thaum koj muaj LED rov qab thiab koj siv peb teev nyob rau txhua qhov kev sib txuas tshwj tsis yog ib qho.
• Txheeb xyuas ntu. Qee zaum cov khoom tuaj yeem puas (lossis feem ntau, kuv tau ua rau lawv puas tsuaj). IC puas lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tus neeg ua phem.
• Txij ntawm no mus, Kuv feem ntau xaus rau kev thov Vajtswv thiab Stack Overflow (nws tsis ntau zaus kuv tau txais qhov no deb ntawm cov npe tab sis).

Siv cov cuab yeej zoo. Feem ntau hobbyists ua nrog yam lawv muaj, tab sis thaum daws teeb meem, uas tuaj yeem ua teeb meem. Tau txais lub ntsuas ntsuas zoo uas koj tuaj yeem ntseeg thiab yuav muab rau koj nyeem kom raug. Lwm yam cuab yeej yog oscilloscope. Kuv tsis muaj, yog li kuv tsis tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ntau txog lawv, tab sis kuv tau siv ib qho thiab lawv yog tus cawm seej. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv, oscilloscope yog lub voltmeter uas yuav teeb duab hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob dhau sijhawm. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qhov haujlwm uas xav tau lub teeb liab oscillating

Kauj Ruam 4: (De) Soldering

1. Ntxuav lub ntsis. Soldering xav tau cov lus qhia kom kub heev, thiab qhov kub siab ua kom cov txheej txheem oxidation uas yuav ua rau koj cov lus puas sai dua. Los ntawm kev ntxuav koj cov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem khaws lub neej ntawm cov lus qhia. Ib qho npub, ntxhib saib ntxeev yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav. Ib qho ci, du ib qho yog qhov yog. Ib daim ntaub ntub dej ntxuav cov hlau kub zoo heev.
2. Siv txoj cai taw qhia. Thaum soldering, ntau tus pib xav tias koj xav tau cov lus taw qhia me me los txhawm rau ua cov khoom me me. Thaum qee qhov nws yog qhov zoo kom muaj cov lus qhia me me, feem ntau kuv siv lub tiaj txiab-zoo li cov lus qhia. Hauv txoj kev no, kuv tuaj yeem hloov cov cua sov tau nrawm heev, muab cov khoom sib txuas, thiab rub tawm. Koj xav siv sijhawm tsawg tshaj plaws nrog cov hlau ntawm qhov. Hauv daim duab ntawm cov lus qhia saum toj no, ib qho ntawm sab xis yog qhov kuv siv tshaj plaws.
3. Mus nrawm. Ntau lub Cheebtsam yog cov cua sov rhiab heev, yog li koj yuav tsum tau mus nrawm thaum siv cov khoom siv. Yog tias koj tsis tau txais nws thawj zaug, cia nws txias ua ntej mus rau nws dua.
4. Siv qhov zoo ntawm cov laug. Muaj ntau ntau hom sib txawv ntawm cov laug, tab sis feem ntau yog 60/40 rosin core (60% tin, 40% txhuas, hollow core nrog rosin flux). Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no muaj cov ntsiab lus qis qis, ua kom zoo, thiab siv tau yooj yim. Qhov tsis zoo yog nws muaj cov hlau lead, uas yog teeb meem. Nws tsis zoo los siv nrog, tsuas yog sim hnyav heev kom tsis txhob noj nws li kev ntxias zoo li lub suab (ntxuav koj txhais tes yog lub tswv yim zoo ib yam). Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov hmoov txhuas dawb, tab sis nws nyuaj rau ua haujlwm nrog thiab kim dua.
5. Ntxiv cov laug rau desolder. Qee lub sij hawm cov khoom qub qub tau tawg, cov qub qub rau ntawm lawv, uas tuaj yeem nyuaj rau desolder. Yog tias koj ntxiv me ntsis ntawm cov laug tshiab, koj "hloov kho" cov laug qub, ua kom yooj yim dua nqus. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kab laug sab, nws tseem qhia txog qee qhov dej ntws tshiab uas ua rau txhua yam ntws zoo thiab yooj yim.
6. Ntxiv ib qho blob rau koj qhov taub. Lub tiaj tiaj ntawm qhov taub yog qhov zoo thiab dav thiab tuaj yeem ua cua sov sai sai, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub tiaj tiaj tau muab tso tawm tsam ib yam dab tsi zoo li cov xov hlau puag ncig, tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus me me xwb. Yog tias koj ntxiv cov blob ntawm cov laug rau qhov ntxeev, cov laug yuav nyob ib puag ncig cov hlau, muab kev sib cuag ntau dua.

Kauj Ruam 5: Cheeb Tsam SMD

1. Txiav cov laug. Yuav luag txhua txhua lub sijhawm kuv siv cov khoom siv SMD kuv siv ntau dhau lawm. Yog tias koj txiav me me ntawm cov laug (li 1/16 ") thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib koom tes, koj yeej tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.
2. Tau cov tweezers zoo. Tau ntev kuv tau siv cov tweezers pheej yig uas los nrog cov hlau txuas. Tsuas yog tsis ntev los no kuv tau txais khub zoo, thiab lawv tau hloov pauv lub neej. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm hnyav thiab nyiam tuav, thiab muaj cov lus qhia nyuaj uas tsis khoov.
3. Siv qhov loj me. Kuv tau siv qhov loj me 0402 ua ntej, tab sis lawv me me! Kuv tsiv mus rau 0603, uas tseem yog me me tiag tiag, tab sis tswj tau. Yog tias ua tau, kuv yuav mus nrog 0804 lossis loj dua, vim tias lawv yooj yim dua rau cov laug. Cheebtsam hauv daim duab saum toj no yog, loj tshaj plaws mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, 1206, 0603, thiab 0402. Lawv tau muab tso rau ib sab rau ib dime rau kev sib piv me me, uas qhia tau hais tias cov khoom me me SMD tuaj yeem tau txais li cas!
4. Solder ib sab ua ntej. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib feem, Kuv ua ntej tin ib lub ncoo, tso ib feem rau saum lub ncoo, thiab yaj cov laug. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov laug rau lwm sab thiab ntxuav ob lub pob qij txha. Los ntawm kev txuas ib sab ua ntej, koj muaj kev hloov pauv ntau ntxiv los ua kom nws zoo nkauj.

Kauj Ruam 6: Cov Lus Qhia Tag Nrho

Qee qhov ntawm cov lus qhia no tau rov ua dua ntawm qhov kuv muab tso rau hauv txhua ntu, tab sis kuv xav tias kuv yuav suav kuv qhov kuv nyiam (thiab cov uas kuv hnov ntau zaus).

1. Yooj yim! Cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws uas kuv paub yog ua kom yooj yim dua! Yog tias koj tsis xav tau cov xwm txheej LED, tsis txhob siv nws! Yog tias koj tsis xav tau tus txuas, tsis txhob siv nws! Ua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus liab qab thaum ua cov khoom lag luam zoo. Koj tuaj yeem ua tsaug rau kuv tom qab.
2. Tsab ntawv mus rau perfection. Tsis txhob txav mus los ntawm kev tsim qauv kom txog thaum koj ua tiav!
3. Troubleshoot yam ceev tshaj plaws ua ntej. Tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntau los tshuaj xyuas lwm yam tsuas yog nrhiav qhov teeb meem yog yooj yim heev thiab yooj yim los tshuaj xyuas.
4. Ntxuav lub ntsis. Nws ua kom yooj yim dua thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm koj cov lus qhia.

Nov yog txhua yam kuv tau txais! Ua tsaug rau kev nyeem ntawv, thiab, yog tias koj muaj qee cov lus qhia koj xav qhia, Kuv xav nyiam suav nrog lawv!