Electronically Interlocking Radio Buttons (*txhim kho!*): 3 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Lub sij hawm "khawm xov tooj cua" los ntawm kev tsim cov xov tooj cua tsheb qub, qhov twg yuav muaj tus lej thawb khawm ua ntej mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab kho tshuab sib cuam tshuam kom tsuas yog ib leeg tuaj yeem raug thawb ib zaug.

Kuv xav nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua cov khawm xov tooj cua yam tsis tas yuav yuav qee qhov kev sib tshuam sib hloov, vim tias kuv xav kom tuaj yeem xaiv lwm txoj hauv kev ua ntej qhov txiaj ntsig hauv lwm qhov haujlwm uas twb muaj qhov hloov pauv, yog li kuv xav tau qhov sib txawv kom zam kev ua yuam kev.

Tactile keyboards yog nplua nuj thiab pheej yig, thiab kuv muaj lub nra raug tshem tawm los ntawm ntau yam, yog li lawv zoo li qhov kev xaiv ntuj los siv. Lub hex D-type flip flop, 74HC174, ua haujlwm sib txuas tau zoo nrog kev pab ntawm qee qhov diodes. Tej zaum qee qhov lwm tus nti tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua tab sis '174 yog qhov pheej yig heev, thiab diodes tau dawb (board rub tawm)

Qee tus neeg tiv thaiv kuj tseem xav tau, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom tshem tawm cov hloov pauv (hauv thawj qhov) thiab muab lub zog-rau-rov pib dua. Kuv tau pom txij li ntawd los ntawm kev nce lub moos ncua lub capacitor, qhov hloov pauv debounce capacitors tsis xav tau.

Kev sim "interlock.circ" khiav hauv Logisim, uas koj tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm no: https://www.cburch.com/logisim/ (Tu siab tsis muaj kev txhim kho ntxiv lawm).

Kuv tau tsim 2 qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov Circuit Court, hauv thawj zaug, tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tawm tshiab raug tshem tawm. Hauv qhov thib ob, lub transistor tau ntxiv los ua kom ib qho ntawm cov nyees khawm kom qhib tau ntawm lub sijhawm, muab qhov ua tsis raug.

Khoom siv

• 1x74h174 wb
• 6x cov cuab yeej hloov pauv lossis lwm yam hloov pauv ib ntus
• 7 x 10 k resistor Cov no tuaj yeem yog SIL lossis DIL ntim nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Kuv siv 2 pob uas muaj 4 tus tiv thaiv txhua.
• 6x 100n capacitors - tus nqi tseeb tsis tseem ceeb.
• 1x47k ua
• 1x 100n capacitor, tus nqi tsawg kawg. Siv txhua yam txog 1u.
• Cov cuab yeej tso tawm, piv txwv li mosfets me me, lossis LEDs
• Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib dhos Circuit Court

Kauj Ruam 1: Kev tsim kho

Sib sau ua ke siv koj txoj kev nyiam. Kuv siv ob tog sib tw perforated board. Nws yuav yooj yim dua ua nrog lub qhov DIL ntim cov nti, tab sis kuv feem ntau tau txais SOIC cov cuab yeej vim tias lawv feem ntau pheej yig dua.

Yog li nrog DIL cov cuab yeej, koj tsis tas yuav ua dab tsi tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog ntsaws nws thiab xaim nws.

Rau SOIC, koj yuav tsum ua qhov ua kom yuam kev me ntsis. Khoov ob txhais ceg nce me ntsis kom lawv tsis txhob kov lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov pins uas tseem tshuav yuav nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv kom raug raws li cov pawm ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Nov yog phau ntawv qhia kuv khoov kuv li cas (UP txhais tau tias khoov, DOWN txhais tau tias nyob ib leeg)

• UP: 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16
• DOWN: 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15

Txoj kev no 4 ntawm diodes tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov pawm thiab tsuas yog 2 xav tau txuas nrog rau tsa ceg. Ib feem ntawm kuv xav tias qhov no yuav zoo dua lwm txoj kev ncig, txawm li cas los xij.

Tso cov diodes tawm mus rau ob sab ntawm lub nti thiab muab lawv tso rau hauv qhov chaw.

Ua kom haum cov rub tawm rau txhua qhov ntawm D inputs. Kuv siv 2 SIL pob ntawm 4 tus tiv thaiv txhua, Haum rau qhov rub tawm qis rau lub moos nkag. Yog tias siv cov pob SIL, txuas ib qho ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv tsis siv ib qho cais

Haum cov hloov pauv ib sab ntawm cov resistors.

Haum lub de-bouncing capacitors rau cov hloov pauv kom ze rau lawv raws li yuav haum.

Haum koj cov khoom siv tawm. Kuv siv LEDs rau kev sim thiab ua qauv qhia, tab sis koj tuaj yeem haum qee yam khoom siv uas koj xaiv kom tau txais ntau tus ncej ntawm txhua qhov tso tawm, piv txwv.

• Yog tias koj haum LEDs lawv tsuas xav tau 1 qhov txwv tam sim no hauv cov kev sib txuas, vim tsuas yog 1 LED teeb ib zaug!
• Yog tias koj siv MOSFETs lossis lwm yam khoom siv, xyuam xim rau kev taw qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej. Tsis zoo li qhov hloov pauv tiag tiag, lub teeb liab tseem muaj kev sib raug zoo rau 0v kev sib txuas ntawm Circuit no yog li cov transistor tso tawm yuav tsum tau hais txog nws.

Hlau txhua yam ua ke raws li cov txheej txheem. Kuv siv 0.1mm hlau nplaum hlau rau qhov no, koj yuav nyiam qee yam me ntsis zoo dua.

Kauj Ruam 2: Nws Ua Haujlwm Li Cas

Kuv tau muab 4 cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem: qhov qub nrog hloov debouncing capacitors, nrog thiab tsis tso zis mosfets, thiab ntxiv ob qho ntxiv qhov twg lub moos ncua capacitor tau nce, yog li debouncing cov hloov pauv tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tsim nyog, thaum kawg nrog ntxiv ntawm transistor uas yuav zoo "nias" ib qho ntawm cov nyees khawm thaum lub zog qhib.

Lub voj voos siv yooj yim D hom flip-flops nrog lub moos sib xws, yooj yim koj tau txais 6 ntawm cov no hauv 74HC174 nti.

Lub moos thiab txhua qhov D inputs ntawm lub nti raug rub mus rau hauv av ntawm tus tiv thaiv, yog li lub tswv yim pib yog ib txwm 0. Cov diodes tau txuas nrog ua "xaim LOS YOG" Circuit Court. Koj tuaj yeem siv 6 lub tswv yim LOSSIS lub qhov rooj, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsis xav tau rub tawm ntawm lub moos nkag, tab sis qhov kev lom zem nyob qhov twg?

Thaum qhov hloov pauv thawj zaug, tus lej CLR raug rub qis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom rov pib dua lub nti. Thaum lub capacitor tsub, rov pib dua yog xiam oob qhab. Kuv xaiv 47k thiab 100nF los muab sijhawm tsis tu ncua kwv yees li 5x uas ntawm lub kaus mom sib txuas ua ke thiab rub cov neeg tawm tsam siv rau cov hloov pauv.

Thaum koj nias lub pob, nws tso lub logic 1 ntawm D input nws txuas nrog thiab ntawm lub diode ua rau lub moos nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no "moos hauv" tus 1, ua rau Q cov lus tso tawm mus siab.

Thaum lub pob raug tso tawm, lub logic 1 tau khaws cia hauv qhov ntxeev, yog li Q cov lus tso tawm tseem nyob siab.

Thaum koj nias lub pob sib txawv, qhov tshwm sim zoo ib yam tshwm sim ntawm lub flip-flop nws tau txuas nrog, tab sis vim tias cov moos tau sib xws, ib qho uas muaj 1 ntawm nws tau tso tawm tam sim no lub moos hauv 0, yog li nws yog Q tso tawm qis.

Vim tias cov hloov pauv raug mob los ntawm kev sib cuag bounce, thaum koj nias thiab tso ib qho koj tsis tau txais qhov zoo 0 ces 1 ces 0, koj tau txais kwj ntawm random 1's thiab 0's, ua rau lub voj voog tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hloov pauv ncaj ncees debouncing Circuit ntawm no:

Kuv thaum kawg pom tias nrog lub moos loj txaus ncua lub tshuab hluav taws xob, debouncing tus kheej hloov pauv yog qhov tsis tsim nyog.

Q cov zis ntawm ib qho flip-flop nce siab thaum nws khawm tau nias, thiab qhov tsis-Q tso tawm mus qis. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov no los tswj N lossis P MOSFET, hais txog qhov qis lossis siab zog tsheb nqaj hlau, feem. Nrog rau qhov txuas txuas mus rau qhov ntws ntawm ib qho transistor, nws qhov chaw feem ntau yuav txuas nrog 0v lossis lub tsheb nqaj hlau, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv, txawm li cas los xij nws yuav ua raws li kev hloov pauv hais txog qee qhov taw tes, tsuav nws tseem muaj lub taub hau tig rau thiab tawm

Cov txheej txheem zaum kawg qhia txog PNP transistor uas txuas nrog rau ib qho ntawm D inputs. Lub tswv yim yog tias thaum siv lub zog, lub capacitor ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm transistor tsub kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov chaw uas transistor ua. Vim tias tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim, tus sau ntawm lub transistor hloov pauv lub xeev sai heev, tsim cov mem tes uas tuaj yeem teeb D nkag siab thiab ua rau lub moos. Vim tias nws txuas nrog lub Circuit Court ntawm lub capacitor, D input rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev qis thiab tsis pom kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj.

Kauj Ruam 3: Pros thiab Cons

Tom qab kuv tsim qhov Circuit no kuv xav tias nws puas tsim nyog ua. Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais xov tooj cua khawm zoo li ua haujlwm yam tsis tau them nqi ntawm cov hloov pauv thiab teeb tsa, txawm li cas los xij ib zaug rub tawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab de-bouncing capacitors tau ntxiv rau hauv, Kuv pom nws nyuaj me ntsis dua li qhov kuv xav tau.

Cov hloov pauv tiag tiag tsis txhob hnov qab qhov hloov pauv tau raug nias thaum lub zog raug kaw, tab sis nrog lub voj voog no nws ib txwm rov qab los rau nws qhov kev teeb tsa ua ntej ntawm "tsis muaj", lossis lub neej tsis tu ncua.

Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los ua qhov qub yuav yog siv lub microcontroller, thiab kuv tsis ntseeg tias ib tus neeg yuav taw qhia qhov no hauv cov lus.

Qhov teeb meem nrog kev siv micro yog, koj yuav tsum program nws. Tsis tas li koj yuav tsum muaj tus pin txaus rau txhua qhov kev nkag mus thiab cov txiaj ntsig koj xav tau, lossis muaj lub cim txiav txim siab los tsim lawv, uas tam sim ntxiv lwm lub nti.

Txhua feem ntawm qhov Circuit Court no pheej yig heev lossis tsis pub dawb. Lub txhab nyiaj ntawm 6 qhov sib hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi eBay (thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv) £ 3.77. Ua li ntawd tsis ntau, tab sis kuv 74HC174 raug nqi 9 pence thiab kuv twb muaj tag nrho lwm qhov, uas yog pheej yig lossis pub dawb ib yam nkaus.

Qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev sib cuag koj ib txwm tau txais nrog cov khoom siv sib txuas sib hloov yog DPDT, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau dua. Yog tias koj xav tau ntau "kev sib cuag" nrog rau hauv Circuit no, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv tso tawm, feem ntau yog mosfets.

Ib qhov txiaj ntsig zoo piv rau tus qauv sib cuam tshuam yog tias koj tuaj yeem siv txhua hom kev hloov pauv tam sim, nyob txhua qhov chaw uas koj nyiam, lossis tseem tsav cov tswv yim los ntawm cov teeb liab sib txawv.

Yog tias koj ntxiv mosfet transistor rau txhua qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm qhov kev sib tw no, koj tau txais SPCO cov zis, tshwj tsis yog nws tsis yog qhov zoo tiag tiag, vim tias koj tsuas tuaj yeem txuas nws 1 txoj kev. Txuas nws lwm txoj hauv kev thiab koj tau txais lub zog qis heev diode xwb.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau mosfets rau qhov tso tawm ua ntej nws tau thauj khoom ntau dhau, yog li koj tuaj yeem muaj tus lej loj ntau yam raws li xav tau. Los ntawm kev siv P thiab N hom khub, koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov lus qhia ob-txoj kev, tab sis qhov no kuj ntxiv qhov nyuaj. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv qhov tsis-Q qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov flip-flops, uas muab rau koj ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Yog li muaj qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau yooj yim nrog cov kab ke no, yog tias koj tsis mloog qhov nyuaj ntxiv.