Breadboard Basics rau Cov Pib Tshiab: 10 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:31

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no tsis yog muab rau koj ua tiav cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov tab sis los qhia cov hauv paus, thiab thaum cov hauv paus no tau kawm koj zoo nkauj npaum li paub txhua yam koj xav tau yog li kuv twv koj tuaj yeem hu nws ua tiav phau ntawv qhia tab sis hauv lwm qhov kev nkag siab. Xijpeem kuv tsuas yog siv tus coj thiab qee tus tiv thaiv kom piav qhia tias lub khob cij ua haujlwm li cas. Faj seeb: daim ntawv qhia zaub mov yog lub rooj sib tham ib ntus rau kev sim thiab kev tsim qauv kab hluav taws xob, tsis muaj kev sib dhos ua tiav ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, qhov no txhais tau tias nws nrawm dua thiab yooj yim dua rau cov qauv ua qauv. Tsis tas li yog tias koj xav tau kev taug kev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thov nyeem kuv lwm cov lus qhia Ua tiav Phau Ntawv Qhia rau Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob yooj yim mus rau cov khoom siv!

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov khoom siv

Rau qhov kev qhia no koj yuav xav tau coj 4aa (lossis aaa) roj teeb ntim lub khob cij (yuav los ntawm lub xov tooj cua lossis t2retail hauv tebchaws Askiv) cov khoom noj khoom haus dhia dhia (los ntawm radioshack lossis t2retail) ob peb 100ohm resistors (lossis tus nqi tab sis koj yuav tsum tau hloov koj cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam) thiab thaum kawg lub multimeter (ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv, tam sim no ect.) Thaum koj muaj cov no koj zoo mus

Kauj Ruam 2: Breadboard

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov duab hauv qab lub khob cij muaj ntau qhov, qhov no yuav zoo li tsis meej pem thaum xub thawj tab sis nws tsis yog. 2 kab ntawm qhov ntawm ob qho kawg yog rau lub zog ib qho rau qhov zoo (liab) ib qho rau qhov tsis zoo (dub).as koj tuaj yeem pom kuv kho cov duab hauv qab no kom muab tswv yim rau koj tias yuav ua li cas kev ua haujlwm tau tiav. cov hlua hluav taws xob mus rau kab rov tav hauv 5's qhov twg raws li cov khoom siv sib txuas mus rau ntsug tseem nyob hauv 5's. ib qho kev sib tw tau ua tiav thaum txhua qhov kev xav tau tsim ua ib lub voj thiab txhua qhov txuas nrog ua ntu zus.if piv txwv li kuv xav tso cov coj hauv qhov kev sib tw no los ntawm nws tus kheej kuv yuav ntxig ib txhais ceg rau hauv qhov dawb ntawm kab uas dub (- ve) lub hwj chim jumper yog thiab lwm qhov hauv qhov dawb ntawm kab ntawv uas cov hlau liab (+ve) nyob hauv. Qhov no yuav ua kom tiav cov Circuit Court tso cai tam sim no ntws los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub zog siv mus rau lwm qhov los ntawm kev coj. Cov kab ntsuab hauv daim duab hauv qab no ua ntu ntu ntu uas txhua qhov kev tivthaiv kov ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv (-ve txhais ceg ntawm ib feem rau +ve ceg ntawm lwm tus). Cov ntaub ntawv ua ib txoj saw ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho kev sib tw hauv qhov no yuav yog tias cov khoom koj xav ua kom zoo ib yam yuav kov ntawm tib qhov sib txawv (-ve ceg rau -ve thiab +ve ceg rau +ve). yog li ob pawg neeg xav tau los ua kom haum ib qho kev tiv thaiv nrog ob txhais ceg sib luag cov khoom no yuav sib koom ua ke tib yam tab sis nyob hauv qhov sib cais. yog tias qhov no ua rau tsis nkag siab tsis txhob txhawj xeeb, kuv yuav mus rau qhov nthuav dav ntxiv tom qab.

Kauj Ruam 3: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

raws li cov duab koj yuav tsum pom qhov teeb tsa ntawm feem ntau ntawm lub rooj noj mov, hauv kab rau lub zog thiab kab rau cov khoom siv. tsis ntau ntau kuv tuaj yeem hais ntawm no tiag.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ntxiv Lub Hwj Chim thiab Jumpers

Tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los pib tso khoom rau ntawm lub khob cij. Thawj qhov txuas yog lub zog, yooj yim muab cov hmoov lead tsis zoo tso rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab zoo rau lwm qhov (tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg tiag). Tom qab ntawd tso cov neeg dhia dhia ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab kab sib xyaw.

Kauj ruam 5: Resistors

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no kuv tsuas yog txuas ib qho coj mus rau 6v qhov chaw thiab siv cov khoom tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv cov coj los ntawm kev hlawv. Kuv muaj qee qhov 100ohm resistors dag ib ncig uas yuav zoo rau txoj haujlwm no. Rau cov neeg tawm tsam hauv koob lawv qhov txiaj ntsig ib txwm ntxiv, lub ntsiab lus 2 100ohm resistors hauv koob yuav muab tag nrho tsis kam ntawm 200 ohm txawm li cas los xij qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tus nqi ntawm resistors txo qhov ntau koj ntxiv. Yog tias siv tib tus nqi resistors ces qhov sib npaug yog tus nqi yooj yim ntawm ib tus resistor / tus naj npawb ntawm resistors xws li 5x100ohm hauv parralel = 100 /5 - 20ohms tag nrho tsis kam txawm li cas los xij yog tias siv cov resistors nrog qhov sib txawv qhov sib npaug no yooj yim dua (qhov sib npaug no tuaj yeem siv hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj tab sis nws tau nrawm dua thaum siv tib tus nqi tiv thaiv kom siv cov txheej txheem saum toj no) ok yog li hais tias kuv muaj 10ohm, 100ohm thiab 30ohm resistors hauv thaum uas tig mus (hauv kab ntawv no yuav muab tag nrho kev tiv thaiv ntawm 140ohms). 1/rt = 1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3 ect.. (qhov no tuaj yeem mus rau txawm li cas los xij ntau tus neeg tawm tsam koj muaj) rt yog tag nrho cov tsis kam thiab r1 thiab r2 ect. yog cov neeg tawm tsam, yog li peb qhov piv txwv peb yuav siv qhov no 1/10 + 1/100 + 1/30 = 1/rt 0.1433 = 1/rt yog li 1/0.1433 = rt rt = 7ohms (sib npaug) ok yog li tam sim no peb paub qhov pib ntawm resistors hauv Circuit Court peb tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm ntau npaum li cas peb yuav xav tau lub zog coj no

Kauj Ruam 6: Tus Coj thiab Cov Tiv Thaiv Xav Tau Los Tiv Thaiv Nws

Cov coj uas kuv siv niaj hnub no yog lub teeb ci xiav. qhov coj no khiav ntawm 3.3v thiab ntawm 20ma (milli amps). lub hwj huam pob kuv siv yog 4aa roj teeb. nrog txhua lub roj teeb yog 1.5v uas muab tag nrho ntawm 6v txawm li cas los xij kuv tsis xav kom kuv coj kom tau txais tag nrho 6v thiab qhov ntawd yuav hlawv nws thiab ua rau nws sov. Kuv tsis txawm xav tau qhov ci ci tas li rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no kuv yuav ua tus coj ntawm 3v 20ma. yog li peb yuav ua li cas thiaj tau 3v thiab 20ma los ntawm 6v qhov chaw. nws yooj yim, siv resistors. muaj pes tsawg nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg yam. cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv (rau peb nws 3v) thiab tam sim no koj xav tau hla cov khoom siv. (rau peb nws 20ma) qhov sib npaug yog qhov yooj yim voltage = tam sim no x tsis ua haujlwm lossis v = ir peb tuaj yeem rov ua qhov no kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv = voltage / tam sim no lossis R = V / Txawm li cas los tus nqi ntawm v hauv qhov no yog qhov hluav taws xob peb xav tau los ntawm cov khoom siv kom tau 3 v.v = vsupply - Vled = 6-3 = 3volts thiab peb paub qhov xav tau tam sim no yuav tsum yog 20ma yog li qhov sib npaug zaum kawg yog raws li hauv qab no. R = 3 / 0.02 (lossis 20x10 rau lub zog ntawm 3) R = 150 ohms (qhov sib npaug no tau pom hauv qab no ntawm kuv lub tshuab xam zauv plua plav) tam sim no peb paub qhov xav tau xav tau cia txav mus rau hauv Circuit Court

Kauj Ruam 7: Parallel Resistors

Yog li peb xav tau 150ohms ntawm kev tawm tsam tab sis peb tsuas muaj 100ohm resistors. tam sim no ntawm no yog qhov twg tawm qhov kev paub ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib npaug los ua ke. ok yog tias peb siv 100ohm resistors hauv series uas yog 100ohms tau saib xyuas tab sis peb tseem xav tau sau ntxiv 50ohms. nco qab hauv ntu yav dhau los kuv tau hais qhov no "Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tus nqi ntawm cov resistors txo qhov koj ntxiv." thiab seing raws li peb muaj tib tus nqi tiv thaiv peb tuaj yeem siv qhov sib npaug no tseem tau hais yav dhau los tus nqi ntawm ib tus resistor / tus naj npawb ntawm resistors yog li hauv kev txiav txim kom tau 50ohms peb tuaj yeem siv 2 100ohms resistors ua ke. 100/2 = 50 yooj yim! 100 (resistor hauv series) + 50 (2x100 nyob rau hauv parallel) = 150ohms tag nrho tsis kam! daim duab hauv qab no qhia ob qho ntawm 100ohm resistors nyob rau hauv parallel. raws li koj tuaj yeem pom lawv tau sib koom ua ke nrog cov kab sib txawv (tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov neeg tawm tsam txawm tias). raws li koj kuj tseem yuav pom ib ceg ntawm txhua tus txuas nrog rau -ve kawg ntawm lub zog siv. qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam los ua kom tiav peb cov Circuit tam sim no mus rau ntxiv cov resistors series, yooj yim tso ib ceg rau hauv tib kem zoo li sab laug feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab lwm ceg mus rau hauv lub qhov nyob ib sab ntawm nws. (tseem muaj duab hauv qab no) ok li ntxiv rau coj tam sim no!

Kauj Ruam 8: Ntxiv Led

tam sim no peb yuav tsum tso peb coj mus rau hauv Circuit Court. Raws li koj yuav tau pom los ntawm kauj ruam 5 tus coj muaj tus ceg luv thiab ceg ntev. nws luv luv txuas rau -vim kawg ntawm lub zog siv thiab pom tseeb tias ntev dua ceg mus rau +ve kawg. qhov no yog vim tias kev coj ua tso cai rau cov hluav taws xob ntws tau yooj yim los ntawm cathode (-ve) mus rau anode (+ve) tab sis tsis yog los ntawm anode mus rau cathode, yog li yog tias koj coj tsis pom ib txwm xub tshuaj xyuas qhov polarity ntawm coj. tam sim no txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua nws tso cov ceg luv rau hauv tib kab lus raws li sab laug feem ntau sab laug ntawm cov kab tawm tsam thiab lwm ceg mus rau hauv kab ntawv uas lub zog ua kom muaj zog jumper nyob hauv. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum pom lub teeb coj mus hauv kuv qhov teeb meem ua rau koj lub qhov muag thiab koj tau saib mus rau hauv. tseem tsis tau ua tiav tabsis!

Kauj Ruam 9: Kuaj Qhov Hluav Taws Xob hla Led

tam sim no siv tawm multimeter peb yuav tsum tau siv qhov hluav taws xob hla tus coj kom ntseeg tau tias lub Circuit Court ua haujlwm raug thiab peb tsis tau ua yuam kev thaum xam qhov tsis kam. ! ib qho tseem ceeb voltmeter muaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis muaj qhov kawg (feem ntau nws ua txhaum lub Circuit Court) yog li nws ib txwm siv ua ke! (dub)) thiab liab sojntsuam mus rau lwm tus coj (yog tias koj muab lawv lwm txoj kev puag ncig koj yuav tau txais -v qhov hluav taws xob) 3.05volts, id hais tias yog qhov pom tau pom raws li kuv tus tiv thaiv muaj qhov ua siab ntev ntawm 5% (+ lossis - 0.15) tam sim no los ntsuas tam sim no

Kauj Ruam 10: Xeem Tam Sim No

Tam sim no peb teeb tsa multimeter rau tam sim no (rau kuv kuv yuav tsum tau hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lead liab mus rau hauv 10a qhov) tsis zoo li voltmeters ammeters khiav hauv koob, vim tias tam sim no tsis hloov pauv tawm hauv Circuit, yog li nws tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg lub ammeter nyob hauv Circuit Court nws yuav ib txwm nyeem tib yam. los ntsuam xyuas qhov dej ntws tam sim no kuv yooj yim txav cov coj +ve ceg txoj cai ib lub qhov (txwv tsis pub coj los ntawm teeb pom kev zoo li lub Circuit Court tsis ua tiav kom txog thaum kuv qhov kev soj ntsuam nyob hauv qhov chaw) thiab tom qab ntawd tso qhov kev sojntsuam dub rau ntawm +ve ceg ntawm tus coj thiab kev sojntsuam liab mus rau lub jumper los ntawm +ve kawg ntawm lub zog siv, qhov no ua tiav qhov Circuit Court. taws teeb coj thiab tso saib qhov tam sim no. uas yog hauv kuv li 20milliamps, raws nraim qhov kuv tau ua tom qab. yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub paub siv lub khob cij. thiab yog tias ib qho ntawm qhov no tsis nkag siab lossis koj xav qhia yuav ua li cas kuv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov lus qhia no thov tawm lus ua tsaug ntau!