Ntoo Ntoo Digital Clock: 11 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Yuav ua li cas tsim ntoo ntoo moos siv los ntawm atmega168 (arduino) nrog lub tswb tsim thiab ua si.

Kuv xub xav txog qhov ua qhov no thaum kuv pom lub moos LED npog los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo. Kuv nyiam nws thaum kuv pom nws, kom txog thaum kuv pom tus nqi. Nov yog thaum kuv txiav txim siab tsim kuv tus kheej, Kuv xav kom nws tsim nws kom tsawg dua, los ntawm cov ntoo tawv thiab ua si ua si!

Kauj Ruam 1: Yam Koj Xav Tau

Cov ntaub ntawv:- 4, 18 "x 4" x 1 "ntoo ntoo (Kuv mus nrog Maple)- 85 Liab LEDs- 85 Ntsuab LEDs (Xaiv tau)- 1 4 txog 16 tus pin Demiltiplexer- 15 NPN transistors (xws li 2N3904)- 1 ATMEGA168 Microcontroller (lossis Arduino)- 1 20 MHz Crystal- 1 5 Volt Regulator- 2 220uF Capacitors (rau lub zog loj nce qib)- 1 Lub Pocket Xov Tooj Cua Loj- 2 1/8 "Audio Jacks- 1 5-9V DC phab ntsa adapter- 1 (lossis ntau dua) Tus Qub Game Controller (s)- 4 3-1/2 "Ntoo Screws- Cov Tub Ntxhais Hlau (ua haujlwm tau yooj yim dua)- Solder- Hot Glue Sticks- White Glue- Sand paperFor the game controller I use an Atari 2600 joystick (lossis txawm tias duav yog tias koj rov ua haujlwm dua), tab sis nws kuj tseem sib xws nrog Sega Master System Controllers, Atari 7800 joysticks (theoretically) lossis txawm tias Sega Genesis Controllers. Tools:- Laum xovxwm- Ncaj Qaum Hobby Tool Bit- Soldering Iron - Kub Nplaum Rab Phom- Miter Pom

Kauj Ruam 2: Npaj Pawg Thawj Coj

Siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 1 "x4" x1-1/2 'board thiab xaiv sab zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej ntawm lub moos.

Sim ua kom tsis txhob muaj pob txha lossis pom qhov tsis xws luag nyob hauv cov ntoo vim tias lawv yuav ua rau nws nyuaj kawg rau qhov laum cov qhov LED. Pib los ntawm kev luam tawm tus qauv txuas rau cov kauj ruam no ntawm 1: 1 nplai. Xev nws mus rau sab nraub qaum ntawm pawg thawj coj saib, yog li sab zoo yog tig rov qab thaum luam tawm tawm. Coj mus rau lub rooj tsavxwm pem hauv ntej thiab tso nws tus qauv sab saum toj rau ntawm pawg thawj coj saib tsis zoo. Tom qab ntawd muab qhov ntawd tso rau ntawm lub laum xovxwm. Siv lub laum me ntsis loj dua qhov tiaj tus nyiam ua haujlwm me ntsis thiab kho qhov ntsuas qhov tob kom cov lus qhia tsuas yog 0.8-1mm saum toj saud qis, qhov no yog li nws tsis mus txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm pawg thawj coj. Kuv xav qhia kom siv daim ntawv xeem ua ntej kom pom tias nws ua haujlwm li cas. Laum yam tsawg 10 qhov kev xeem (lawv yuav siv tom qab!). Lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ci los ntawm qhov uas qhov taub ntawm qhov laum xaus. Laum ib lub qhov ntawm txhua lub voj voos ntawm tus qauv raws li hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Kauj Ruam 3: Ua tiav Pawg Thawj Coj

Cov kauj ruam no nyuaj heev, lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws yog siv cov cuab yeej hobby me ntsis los ua kom lub qhov xaus tiaj kom lub teeb ci los ntawm tusyees.

Pib los ntawm kev tso cov cuab yeej nyiam ua haujlwm me ntsis hauv cov xovxwm (nco ntsoov tawm ntau dua 1 tawm ntawm lub chuck). ceev faj. Kho qhov tob ntsuas kom me ntsis nyob hauv qab pawg thawj coj zoo li hauv daim duab 3. Kab me ntsis nrog lub qhov ntsuas thiab maj mam tuav cia rau 1 thib ob thiab tso. Tuav nws rau 1 thib ob dua tom qab ntawd cia thiab tig lub laum tawm. Lub laum raug kaw yog li koj tuaj yeem khawb ib qho kev tsim tawm ntawm hauv qab ntawm qhov me ntsis. Yog tias koj tsis ua, nws yuav hlawv lub qhov ua rau lub ntsej muag hloov xim. ntau npaum li cas lub teeb ci los ntawm (saib cov duab hauv qab no rau kev siv). Thaum koj xis nyob nrog kev khawb qhov, txav mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntoo thiab laum tawm txhua lub qhov. Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yuav tsum ua siab ntev, tsis txhob maj nws koj tuaj yeem hlawv lub qhov thiab yuav tsum rov pib dua.

Kauj Ruam 4: Npaj Cov Phiaj Xwm Nruab Nrab

Cov kauj ruam no npaj cov laug cam nruab nrab kom haum rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Yog tias koj cuam tshuam rau theem kawg, ntoo tsis ploj, siv nws ntawm no! Rau cov kauj ruam no, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog txiav lub qhov ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov laug cam me me loj dua li qhov loj ntawm LED matrix, yog li txhua lub xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob haum sab hauv. Kuv tau ua qhov no los ntawm kev khawb tawm qhov kev txhawb nqa seem ntawm pawg thawj coj ua tsis tau tiav thiab siv txaws los ntxuav nws. Rov ua qhov no rau ntau lub laug cam raws li koj xav tau, Kuv tau siv 2.

Kauj Ruam 5: Npaj Lub Rooj Sab Laj Tom Qab

Rau cov kauj ruam no siv tus qauv txuas rau txhawm rau txhawm rau thiab txiav tawm lub qhov rau DB9 txuas siv rau tus tswj hwm, thiab 2 1/8 lub suab txuas siv rau lub zog thiab xov tooj cua.

Txhawm rau txiav qhov chaw nres nkoj tswj, laum tawm kab sab hauv ntawm tus qauv. Tom ntej no, kos cov ntu sab nraud ntawm tus qauv 10 hli sib sib zog nqus siv rab txiab (ceev faj rau cov theem no, nws yog ntse). Txhawm rau laum tawm qhov rau 1/8 jacks, pib los ntawm kev drilling lub qhov tsuas yog loj txaus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub suab tso kom haum rau hauv. (qhov no nyob ntawm koj lub jack). Qhov no tso cai rau qhov kawg ntawm lub rooj zaum zaum hauv lub qhov me me nrog rau qhov seem zais tom qab ntoo. Hauv qhov no koj yuav xav txuas cov xov hlau mus rau lub zog, suab thiab cov chaw nres nkoj tswj. qhov chaw nres nkoj tswj, txuas xov hlau los ntawm tus pin 5 mus rau xaim los ntawm tus pin 6 raws li pom hauv daim duab kawg.

Kauj Ruam 6: Luag Matrix

Rau cov kauj ruam no, tso ib qho ntawm txhua hom LEDs hauv txhua lub qhov kom lawv sib dhos hauv qhov chaw. Yog tias koj siv 2 5mm LEDs zoo li kuv, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau qhib qhov rau qhov LEDs. Ceev faj thaum ua qhov no, lub laum me ntsis tuaj yeem ntes tau yooj yim dua thiab rub lub rooj tsavxwm tawm, poking tawm lub qhov.

Yog tias koj siv 2 LEDs, tom qab ntawd thaum koj ntxig cov LEDs rau hauv lub qhov, tso cov cathodes nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov, yog li 2 lub tiaj tiaj sib ntsib. Txhawm rau pib soldering, thawj khoov tag nrho cov cathodes (luv luv ua) nqes kom lawv tsim 17 kab nyob ze rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tom qab ntawd muab lawv sib dhos ua ke. Txhawm rau txhuam cov anodes ua ke ua ntej khoov tag nrho ntawm ib qho xim anode thiab tom qab ntawd khoov lawv mus rau kab rov tav, yog li muaj 5 kab anode rau cov xim ntawd. Khoov lwm cov xim anode coj mus thiab tom qab ntawd kab rov tav, yog li lawv tsim lwm 5 anode kab. Tam sim no muab tag nrho cov kab sib dhos ua ke kom muaj tag nrho ntawm 10. Qhov kawg ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog txhawm rau txuas cov xov hlau mus rau kab thiab kab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los sib txuas. Thaum xaiv qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau, khiav cov hlau los ntawm kab/kab mus rau qhov uas koj xav kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso thiab ntxiv 5-10cm ntxiv los ua haujlwm nrog.

Kauj Ruam 7: Pib Sib Sau Cov Boards

Rau cov kauj ruam no koj yuav xav tau ib lub rooj tsav xwm nruab nrab, lub rooj tsavxwm pem hauv ntej thiab 2 'txi ntoo' tej ntoo (lawv yuav pom dents).

Txhawm rau pib, siv cov kua nplaum dawb thiab siv nws rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm nruab nrab, tsis txhob ntshai siv ntau dhau, nws zoo dua me ntsis. Siv tus ntiv tes, so cov kua nplaum sib npaug thoob plaws ib sab thiab lo rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm hauv ntej (saib cov duab kom pom meej ntxiv). Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo, tso ib daim ntoo 'txi' rau ntawm ib sab ntawm cov khoom uas tam sim no tau lo thiab qhwv nws ua ke (nco ntsoov ua kom nrawm nws, vim nws qhuav sai). Txhawm rau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws, kaw nws nrog txhua yam koj muaj (saib daim duab thib ob hauv qab no), tab sis ceev faj tsis txhob tsoo ntoo lossis tsoo lub qhov LED.

Kauj Ruam 8: Program Microcontroller

Cov kauj ruam no tej zaum yuav yooj yim, tab sis nws tuaj yeem sib txawv tsis meej pem ua tsis raug. Qhov no yog vim kuv xav tau kev pib tam sim, thiab nws tseem tso cai rau ntau qhov chaw zov me nyuam (txawm hais tias, tsis ntau). Ua li no, muaj cov peev txheej zoo ntawm no, ntawm no thiab ntawm no kom hlawv lub bootloader. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm bootloader tsuas yog siv.hex cov ntaub ntawv pom hauv daim ntawv thov applet ntawm arduino sketch nplaub tshev (uas yog qhov kuv tau txuas nrog rau theem no thiab kev taw qhia). ntawm cov lus hais tawm, tsuas yog nyem 'upload rau board' (koj yuav tau txais qhov yuam kev tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj qhov txuas hauv arduino) kom rov sau dua thiab. yog 20.0Mhz raws nraim, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom ua lub sijhawm raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tsuas yog hloov pauv oneMin hauv txoj cai, kuv yog 60116. Tam sim no lub moos ceev tam sim no suav sau ua haujlwm ntawm 20 MHz. Txhawm rau hloov nws koj yuav tsum tau hloov qee tus lej hauv arduino nyiam thiab pawg thawj coj saib cov ntaub ntawv txhais, raws li pom ntawm no.

Kauj Ruam 9: Tsim Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Txhawm rau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua raws cov txheej txheem txuas nrog. Kuv tau txuas cov txheej txheem raws li bmp, ob qhov sib txawv ntawm PDF, thiab thawj.ms10 cov ntaub ntawv tsim hauv lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej 'multisim software, rau cov uas xav siv nws.

Cov cathodes ntawm LEDs nqes mus rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm multiplexer, nrog rau sab laug ntawm LEDs ua kab 0. Tus demultiplexer xav tau los tso cov LEDs ib zaug, xws li ib qho hauv daim ntawv txuas nrog. Cov anodes ntawm LEDs tau txuas rau pawg ntawm 3 transistors. Qhov no yog li 1st transistor muaj lub zog ncaj qha los ntawm lub adapter txuas rau nws tus pin sau, qhov sib thooj anode tus pin (los ntawm microcontroller) tau txuas nrog lub qhov rooj. Nws kuj tseem muaj tus xa tawm ncaj qha mus rau lub rooj vag ntawm 2 lub transistor, thiab siv 1kOhm resistor nws txuas nrog lub rooj vag ntawm tus thib 3 transistor. Qhov thib ob transistor muaj nws cov neeg sau txuas rau tus pin ntsuab (tus pin 1 ntawm arduino) thiab nws cov emitter txuas rau ntsuab (lossis koj kos siab tshaj plaws LED) kab. Tus transistor thib 3 tom qab ntawd nws muaj nws cov neeg sau txuas rau tus pin liab (tus pin 0 ntawm arduino) thiab nws cov emitter txuas nrog rau kab LED sib xws. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kuv xaj kab LED los ntawm 0 rau saum toj mus rau 4 hauv qab. Lub zog xov tooj cua tau txuas rau tus hais lus tus pin (tus pin 9 ntawm arduino), yog li thaum lub tswb nrov nrov nws tig thiab siv lub suab kom nrov qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj zog tshaj plaws. Tus tswj tus pin (analog pins 0-5) txhua tus muaj 200kOhm rub tawm tus tiv thaiv. tus pin los ntawm 0-5 (ua raws los ntawm tus lej DB9 sib xws) txuas rau tus tswj hwm hauv cov lus txib hauv qab no: nce (1), nqis (2), sab laug (3), sab xis (4), khawm 1 (5 thiab 6), khawm 2 (9, tseem xaiv tau). tus pin 7 ntawm DB9 txuas yog +5V thiab tus pin 8 yog hauv av. Saib cov duab rau qee cov lus qhia thiab taw qhia, tab sis yog tias qee yam tsis meej qhia rau kuv paub hauv cov lus thiab kuv yuav ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pab. Txog cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kab LED thiab kab, kuv hais kom txhim kho cov qhov rooj kom cov khoom tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv tau yooj yim. Tam sim no txuas cov xaim rau LEDs, lub zog thiab tus tswj hwm thiab ntsuas. Ua ntej koj ntxig tej daim kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog lawv tau txais yog qhov raug 5V, yog li lawv tsis raug rhuav tshem.

Kauj ruam 10: Ua kom tiav lub moos

Rau cov kauj ruam no, kaw tag nrho cov laug cam ua ke, tom qab ntawd siv tus qauv txuas nrog rau cov kauj ruam no, laum qhov ntsuas qhov rau 4 cov ntsia hlau ntoo (tsuas yog txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm hauv ntej, uas yog vim li cas ib tus nyob tom qab yog glued). Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv-lub qhov taub kom cov ntsia hlau zaum yaug.

Tam sim no ntxig cov ntsia hlau rau hauv qhov. Qhov kawg ua yog ntxuav cov npoo. Siv lub tshuab miter pom thiab txiav qhov kawg sib nrug deb ntawm cov ntsia hlau ntawm ob sab ib yam li hauv tus qauv (ua tib zoo saib ntawm qhov no kom tsis txhob khawb lub qhov ntawm qhov pom!). Tam sim no tsuas yog xuab zeb ib qho tsis sib xws lossis cov npoo ntxhib (tsis yog pem hauv ntej) thiab koj tau ua tiav!

Kauj Ruam 11: Yuav Siv Lub Sijhawm Li Cas

Txhawm rau teem sijhawm, thawb thiab tuav lub pob rau 3 vib nas this, lub vijtsam yuav tsum dub. Txhawm rau hloov tus lej flashing, thawb nce thiab nqis. Kom hloov ntawm tus lej thawb sab laug thiab sab xis. Thaum hloov ntawm tus lej, koj yuav tuaj rau txoj nyuv, thaum nyob ntawm txoj hnyuv hloov ntawm AM thiab PM los ntawm kev thawb nce thiab nqis, cov xim yuav hloov ntawm liab thiab ntsuab (AM thiab PM yog txhua yam koj xav kom lawv ua). Laub lub pob dua los teeb lub sijhawm. To hloov ntawm lwm yam kev ua haujlwm laub khawm 1. Nws tseem tuaj yeem thawb khawm 2 (tsis yog atari 2600 tus tswj) kom qhib lub xov tooj cua thiab tua. Txhawm rau rov qab mus rau lub moos, thawb thiab tuav khawm 1 txhua lub sijhawm. Kev txiav txim ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm software yog raws li hauv qab no: Tswb - teeb ib yam li lub moos. 1 -D Pong - Nws yog txhua yam txog sijhawm, Ua si los ntawm kev thawb /nqis los xaiv tus lej ntawm cov players thiab khawm khawm 1 kom paub meej. Ua si laub khawm 1 (rau tus neeg uas ua ntawv 1) lossis khawm 2 (rau tus neeg ua si 2) thaum lub pob tab tom tuaj rau koj, tab sis tsis ntxov dhau los lig lossis lwm yam koj yuav plam. Labyrinth - Nrhiav koj txoj kev tawm, Nws yog qhov tshawb nrhiav, tab sis Txhua tus yuam sij yuav tsum tau sau kom qhib qhov tawm. ! Qhia rau kuv paub koj xav li cas.