PIC Raws Li LF thiab Zam Txim Neeg Hlau: 16 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Taw qhia

Hauv cov lus qhia no koj yuav kawm ua lub teeb tom qab thiab zam kev siv neeg hlau. Kuv qhov kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov neeg hlau ua raws tib neeg tus cwj pwm, piv txwv li koj yuav tsis yog taug kev mus rau hauv phab ntsa yam tsis muaj laj thawj. Koj lub paj hlwb sib txuas lus nrog koj cov leeg nqaij/ lub cev thiab tam sim ntawd yuav nres koj. Koj lub paj hlwb ua haujlwm zoo ib yam rau lub hauv paus tswj hwm me me tau txais cov tswv yim thiab ua haujlwm rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig, qhov no koj lub hlwb vam khom koj lub qhov muag rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog taug kev mus rau hauv phab ntsa thaum ib tus neeg dig muag. Koj lub paj hlwb tsis tau txais cov tswv yim los ntawm koj lub qhov muag thiab tsis pom phab ntsa. Tus neeg hlau no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua tiav thaum kawg tab sis kev paub txias txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, DIY, thiab tsim txuj ci los tsim qee yam, thiab kuv paub koj yuav txaus siab rau nws. Kuv paub muaj ntau yam yooj yim dua thiab cov txheej txheem uas koj tsis tas yuav tsim hluav taws xob rau koj tus kheej thiab siv cov qauv yooj yim kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam tab sis kuv tau siv ntau txoj hauv kev sib txawv, ntxiv rau yog tias koj yog DIY txiv ntoo zoo li kuv thiab saib rau kawm qee yam tshiab qhov no yog txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj rau koj! Tus neeg hlau no yuav ua raws lub teeb thiab thaum tus hnov lub suab kov lub phab ntsa nws yuav thim rov qab thiab tig rov qab, yog li cov no yog cov haujlwm yooj yim rau tus neeg hlau no. Vam tias koj txaus siab rau kuv qhov project!

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Npe Khoom

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Resistors

· 10K resistor, ¼ watt (x20)

2.2K resistor, ¼ watt (x10)

· 4.7K VR (x2)

· 10K VR (x2)

· 1K resistor, ¼ watt (x10)

· 220 ohm resistor, ¼ watt (x4)

· 22K resistor ¼ watt (x10)

Capacitors

· 10pf ceramic (x5)

· 2200uf electrolytic, 25V (x2)

· 10nf ceramic (x4)

Semiconductors

· BD 139 NPN fais fab transistor (x4)

· BD 140 PNP fais fab transistor (x4)

BC BC 327 PNP transistor (x4)

· LM350 tus tswj hluav taws xob (x2)

· 741 pom (amp) x2

· 4011 Plaub NAND (x2)

· PIC16F628A microcontroller (x1)

· LED 5mm (koj xaiv xim) (x3)

Kho vajtse

· Plywood board los xij

· 5mm x 60mm spacer txiv ntseej (x4)

· 5mm x 20mm ntsia liaj qhov rooj (x8)

· Lub cev muaj zog 12V 500mA (x2)

· 60mm ua npuas ncauj log (x2)

· Poj niam heather (jumper) txuas (x50)

· 12V, 7.2Ah Rooj vag lub roj teeb (xaiv tau, lub roj teeb me dua tuaj yeem siv tau tab sis nco ntsoov tias nws yog 12V).

· 2 hli xaim (10m)

· Txiv neej heather (jumper) txuas tus pin (x50)

· 3mm cua sov ntsws tubing (2m)

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim Vaj Tsev

Kev tsim cov kab hluav taws xob yog ncaj ncaj rau pem hauv ntej, qhov no yog kev kawm paub zoo rau cov uas tsis tau ua dua ua ntej thiab xyaum zoo rau cov uas muaj. Koj ib txwm tuaj yeem sim lwm txoj hauv kev tab sis kuv nyiam siv Veroboard vim tias nws yooj yim dua nrog txoj kev hla mus rau qhov muag rau. Kuv pom zoo ua ntej tsim lub Circuit Court tiag los ua tus qauv ntawm lub rooj noj mov thiab tsim koj li Veroboard teeb tsa rau koj daim ntawv cog lus ntawm daim ntawv, qhov no zoo li ua haujlwm ntau tam sim no tab sis nws yuav them tawm thaum tsim koj lub voj voog (tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsiab lus siv)).

Tsev H-Bridges

H-Choj yog lub voj voos uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsav koj lub cav uas tau txais lub teeb liab los ntawm lub micro-controller thiab nres lossis thim rov qab lub cav (qhov no yog hloov H-Choj nrog 4011 uas ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab ntxiv ntau ntxiv. tswj nta). Hauv qab no yog cov duab ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob Circuit Court, Vera board layout thiab qhov kawg ntawm Circuit (Nco ntsoov tsim 2 H-Bridges, ib qho rau txhua lub cav).

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim LDR Circuit

LDR cov kab hluav taws xob ua raws li lub qhov muag rau tus neeg hlau uas nkag siab lub teeb thiab xa lub teeb liab mus rau PIC micro-maub los, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub suab nrov rau PIC Kuv tau siv 741 ua haujlwm-amp. Nco ntsoov tsim 2 lub voj voog, ib qho rau txhua lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg hlau.

Kauj Ruam 4: Txhim Kho PIC Kev Pabcuam Circuit

Nov yog lub voj voog uas yog lub hlwb ntawm tus neeg hlau.

Kauj Ruam 5: Txhim Kho Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob

Lub zog hluav taws xob tseem ceeb nkag los rau hauv tus neeg hlau yuav yog 12V, qhov no txhais tau tias yuav tsum muaj tus tswj hluav taws xob ntawm H-Choj Circuit vim tias lawv ua haujlwm ntawm 9V thiab ntawm PIC thiab LDR circuits uas ob leeg ua haujlwm ntawm 5V. Qhov hluav taws xob tseem yuav tsum ruaj khov kom tsis txhob puas lub Cheebtsam, cov kab hluav taws xob no yuav tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob, nco ntsoov tsim 2 lub voj voog. (Txhua daim duab yog hauv qab no). Tom qab koj ua tiav cov kab hluav taws xob teeb tsa lawv mus rau qhov hluav taws xob raug los ntawm kev xa VR thiab ntsuas siv ntau lub ntsuas. Nco ntsoov LDR thiab PIC Circuit xav tau +5V. H-Bridges xav tau +9V.

Kauj Ruam 6: Ntxiv Pins rau Circuit

Tam sim no koj tau tsim koj cov kab hluav taws xob nws yog lub sijhawm los muab tshuaj txhuam rau ntawm lub taub hau. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog txhawm rau xaim hlau ncaj qha rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis kuv pom tias xaim hluav taws xob muaj ntau dua thaum ntawd. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov twg los txhawm rau cov pins saib ntawm Veroboard teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov Circuit Court, hauv cov yuam sij hauv qab qhov kev tsim hluav taws xob koj yuav pom cov cim rau lub header pins thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog saib ntawm koj qhov kev tsim qauv Circuit Court, suav koj qhov ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom ua raws li layout thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog siv tus pin. (Lub cim uas koj yuav tsum tau saib yuav muab rau hauv ib daim duab). Nco ntsoov xaiv qhov teeb tsa kom raug rau qhov teeb meem raug.

Kauj Ruam 7: Rhuav Kab ntawm Veroboard

Koj cov circuits yuav luag tiav; qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua tam sim no yog txhawm rau rhuav txoj kab ntawm Veroboard. Ib zaug ntxiv ua raws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus siv cov yuam sij ntawm txhua qhov Circuit Court txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov twg txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau (Ib daim duab ntawm tus yuam sij thiab piv txwv ntawm kev sib tsoo yuav muab).

Kauj Ruam 8: Coding PIC

Tam sim no koj tau ua tiav koj cov kev sib tw koj tuaj yeem pib ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg hlau, coding PIC, coding PIC yog ncaj nraim rau tom ntej, cov cai tau sau hauv MPLab X, qhov chaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv firmware (.hex) tau muab rau hauv pob zip. Txhawm rau teeb tsa lub firmware rau PIC tus tswj hwm koj tuaj yeem siv txhua tus programmer muaj.

Kauj Ruam 9: Ntxig Microchips

Tam sim no koj tau ua tiav feem ntau ntawm koj txoj haujlwm nrog cov voj voog nws yog lub sijhawm rau qhov kawg, tso cov microchips. Nov yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim tab sis nws tseem yog qhov nyuaj, feem ntau ntawm koj cov microchips tuaj rau hauv cov kab txawv txawv thaum koj yuav lawv los ntawm lub khw, koj yuav xav tsis thoob vim li cas tab sis cov chips tsis zoo li qub uas txhais tau tias koj tsis tuaj yeem kov lawv nrog koj txhais tes tshwj tsis yog koj lawv hnav ib pab pawg zoo li qub. Qhov no suav nrog 4011's thiab PIC, yog li ceev faj thiab tsis txhob kov cov pins ntawm cov microchips no txwv tsis pub koj yuav ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. (Nco ntsoov tias koj tau ntxig lub nti rau sab raug, yuav muab piv txwv).

Kauj Ruam 10: Kuaj Cov Hluav Taws Xob

Tam sim no koj cov circuits tau ua tiav; nws yog lub sijhawm los sim lawv! Txhawm rau ntsuas koj lub voj voos koj yuav xav tau lub multimeter (multimeter yog lub cuab yeej ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, tam sim no thiab kev tiv thaiv), hmoov zoo lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob niaj hnub no muaj ob peb yam ntxiv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas pom yooj yim ntawm Circuit Court, tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj kab nrib pleb, xaim tawg thiab txiav tawm. Tom qab koj zoo siab txog qhov ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov tsis sib xws hauv Circuit Court, piv txwv li: koj lub transistors yuav tsum yog txoj hauv kev ib puag ncig thiab koj cov microchips yuav tsum tau muab tso kom raug. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub sijhawm los tshuaj xyuas sab hauv qab ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court, kos rau ib qho luv luv nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ciav hlau kom pom kev thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog kom paub tseeb tias nqa riam riam thiab tsuas yog hlais nws nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau hlau ntawm pawg thawj coj saib kom ntseeg tau. Qhov kawg uas yuav tsum tau saib yog koj so, ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas pom ntawm txhua qhov kev tawg hauv koj lub voj voog kom ntseeg tau tias txoj kev tawg tau tawg tag nrho txoj hauv kev. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kom raug koj yuav tsum tau kho koj cov chaw sib sau ua ke kom txuas mus ntxiv (daim duab yuav muab rau hauv qab no) thiab muab ib qho coj mus rau ib sab ntawm Brocken khiav thiab lwm txoj hauv kev mus rau lwm sab, yog tias koj lub multimeter beeps koj so tsis raug thiab koj yuav tsum rov ua nws. Kuv qhia kev sim txhua qhov Circuit Court ib tus zuj zus kom tsis txhob ສັບ ສົນ. (Kho txhua qhov koj ua yuam kev ua ntej ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej). Nco ntsoov khiav cov kab hluav taws xob nrog cov cai tswj kom raug:

· H-Bridges: 9V

· LDR + PIC: 5V

Kauj Ruam 11: Sib Sau Lub Cev Lub Cev

Tam sim no koj cov haujlwm hauv Circuit Court tau ua tiav nws yog lub sijhawm los ua qee yam DIY, tam sim no peb yuav sib sau ua ke rau sab saum toj ntawm tus neeg hlau. Sab saum toj ib feem yog suav nrog txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Ua ntej tshaj plaws koj yuav tsum tau xaum qhov hauv koj lub rooj tsav tsheb plywood rau lub txiv ntseej thiab ntsia hlau, ntsuas ib centimeter los ntawm ib sab ntawm txhua lub ces kaum (nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tiag qhov twg koj xaiv los laum koj lub qhov tsuav koj cov qauv ruaj khov thiab nws sib haum mus rau qhov qhov drilled rau hauv qab board). Tam sim no muaj qee qhov kev drilling ntxiv los ua….. yog tias koj xaiv los teeb tsa koj lub rooj tsav xwm ntawm cov txiv ntseej spacer koj yuav tsum tau laum hoes rau lawv (saib txoj kab uas hla ntawm koj cov txiv ntoo thiab xaiv tho me ntsis kom haum), koj kuj yuav tsum tau tho qhov hauv Circuit Court, ceev faj thaum ua qhov ntawd kom tsis txhob ua rau lub rooj tsavxwm puas tsuaj thiab xaiv qhov chaw uas koj xav kom lub qhov nyob raws qhov teeb tsa ntawm koj lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court (kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam). Lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua yog tsuas yog lo cov laug cam rau ntawm cov plywood (thaum ua li ntawd sim lo rau kuv qhov kev teeb tsa, H-Bridges tau teeb tsa tom qab thiab lwm yam)

Kauj Ruam 12: Txhim Kho Neeg Lub Cev Lub Cev (ntu 2)

Tam sim no koj tau sib sau ua ke sab saum toj, nws yog lub sijhawm los sib sau ua ke hauv qab. Hauv qab no yuav yog txhua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov tsav tsheb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Koj thawj kauj ruam yuav teeb tsa lub cav rau ntawm lub rooj tsav tsheb plywood. Kuv nyiam ob txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau mount lub cav, txawm tias koj nce lawv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov plywood vaj huam sib luag lossis ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov koj xaiv. Yog tias koj xaiv nce lub cav ntawm sab koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav lub log pem hauv ntej kom pab tau cov neeg hlau sib npaug thiab tswj nws tus kheej kom raug. Nco ntsoov ua qee qhov kev ntsuas yooj yim thiab kuaj xyuas ua ntej txhawm rau txhim kho koj lub cav, Kuv pom zoo kom txhim kho lub cav nrog cable zip sib txuas uas yog pheej yig thiab yooj yim kom ua tiav, ua ntej kub kua nplaum koj lub cev raws li qhov koj xav tau ntsuas tom qab ntawd tho ob qhov ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cev muaj zog hauv plywood thiab tsuas yog siv lub zip zip los tuav nws (nco ntsoov zawm koj lub zip khi kom raug). Muab tso rau hauv cov tswj hwm thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav yooj yim (kho nrog qhov chaw uas koj muaj ntawm cov plywood) thiab teeb tsa lawv ntawm kev siv cov txiv ntseej spacer lossis cov kua nplaum kub, (Kuv pom zoo kom ua cov nplaum). Thaum kawg laum qhov txhawm rau txhawm rau sab saum toj ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm (siv tib qhov ntsuas ib yam li koj tau ua rau saum toj kawg nkaus), Kuv pom zoo kom khawb qhov me me thiab nias kom haum cov txiv ntseej hauv.

Kauj Ruam 13: Kev thaiv kab

Tam sim no koj tau muag, tshuaj xyuas thiab teeb tsa koj lub xov tooj cua nws lub sijhawm los xaim txhua yam ua ke. Cov hauv paus ntawm cov xov hlau yog txhua qhov kev sib txuas yuav kawg tau txuas mus rau PIC uas yuav ua cov txheej txheem thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv, nco ntsoov tias koj cov xov hlau tseem ceeb heev thiab koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias txhua yam raug. Ok, tam sim no rau yuav xaim li cas, tam sim no koj tau txais yog vim li cas kuv thiaj xaiv mus nrog txoj hlua heather vim nws ua kom yooj yim dua. Yog tias koj muaj poj niam jumper xaim koj tuaj yeem txuas cov laug cam ua ke sai sai, yog tias tsis yog koj tuaj yeem tsuas yog xaim kab xaim ib txwm nyob ntawm tus pin heather (dhia tau zoo dua vim tias yog koj yuam kev tus pin koj tsis tas yuav rov siv dua). Daim duab kab hluav taws xob yuav muab rau hauv daim duab.

Kauj Ruam 14: Txuas thiab Txuas Kev Xav

Koj tus neeg hlau yuav siv ob lub ntsej muag los nkag siab txog phab ntsa ntawm nws xub ntiag. Kev txuas cov kev xav yog yooj yim yooj yim, nws pib ob lub micro hloov pauv ua rau sab laug thiab sab xis. Kub nplaum lawv rau ntawm koj xub ntiag thib ob. Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm kev sib txuas yuav muab rau hauv qab no. (Nco ntsoov xam tawm micro hloov pins piv txwv li. COM).

Kauj Ruam 15: Xeem Neeg Hlau

Okay, qhov no yog lub sijhawm tawm uas koj tau tos rau, thaum kawg tua koj tus neeg hlau thawj zaug !! Tsis txhob tawm mus tam sim no qhov no yeej tsis ua haujlwm thawj zaug, yog tias nws ua koj yog ib tus neeg muaj hmoo tsim !! Tam sim no tsis txhob poob siab yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm, tsis txhob txhawj xeeb nws yuav sai sai no. Hauv qab no kuv tau sau cov npe rau txhua qhov teeb meem uas koj tuaj yeem ntsib thiab yuav daws lawv li cas.

· Txhua yam tsis ua dab tsi. Txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab txuas mus rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tseem txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem polarity.

· Cov cav tig rov qab. Sib pauv ib lub cav sib txawv nws yuav tsum xa nws tig mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev, tej zaum kuj tseem yog qhov teeb meem programming.

· Qee yam pib haus luam yeeb lossis koj xav tias qee yam kub heev. Luv CIRCUIT !! Hloov tawm tam sim kom tsis txhob puas. Txheeb xyuas txhua qhov ua tau nrog rau xaim txuas.

· Cov tsheb tig qeeb heev. Ua kom tam sim no rau neeg hlau. Los yog ua tau H-Choj tsis txaus.

· Neeg hlau tsis pom lub teeb kom raug. Kho VR ntawm LDR circuits, tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub program.

· Neeg hlau coj tus cwj pwm txawv thiab ua tej yam txawv. Programming! Txheeb xyuas ob lub program programming.

· Neeg hlau tsis hnov phab ntsa. Txheeb xyuas kev sib txuas ntawm micro-keyboards.

Yog li cov no yog cov teeb meem uas tau tshwm sim rau kuv tus neeg hlau, yog tias koj muaj teeb meem txawv txav xav hloov lossis hloov kho kuv tus qauv kom zoo dua, nco ntsoov peb txhua tus kawm thiab tsis muaj ib yam zoo li.

Kauj Ruam 16: Kev sim thiab yuam kev

Yog tias tom qab ntau teev ntawm kev sim, tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas koj tus neeg hlau tseem tsis ua haujlwm, tsis txhob muab nws pov rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis rhuav nws sib nrug thiab tso kev cia siab. Sim taug kev sab nraum tsuas yog tau txais huab cua ntshiab lossis tsuas yog pw ntawm nws, Kuv tau muaj ntau lub sijhawm zoo li ntawd, thiab koj puas paub vim li cas? Electronics yog ib qho kev nyiam ua haujlwm nyuaj, ib qho ua tsis tiav- txhua yam ua tsis tau. Tsis txhob hnov qab txhawm rau txhawm rau nws ua ntu ntu thaum sim thiab ib txwm qhib siab nrog tsim thiab teeb tsa. Ua dawb thiab muaj tswv yim thiab tsis txhob tso tseg !!! Yog tias koj nyiam kuv txoj haujlwm thov pov npav rau kuv hauv qhov kev sib tw nws txav mus, vam tias koj yuav nyiam nws!