Tus nqi qis Hydrophone thiab Ultrasonic Transducer: 6 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Koj puas xav kaw cov ntses taub ntswg ntev lossis cov ntses hais lus? Puas yog tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus hauv qab dej? Ok, peb yuav qhia koj 'yuav ua li cas'.

Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseem ceeb: kav hlau txais xov. Yog tias hauv lub neej txhua hnub peb siv tus hais lus (xws li hauv koj lub laptop lossis tsheb) rau lub suab tso tawm thiab lub microphone rau kaw suab, tom qab ntawd kuv maj thov kom koj txaus siab: suab xa hauv qab dej (peb hais "tawg") thiab kaw suab feem ntau ua los ntawm tib lub cuab yeej, uas hu ua tus kav hlau txais xov hauv dej (hydroacoustic), lossis hydrophone (yog tias nws yog lub cuab yeej txais tau nkaus xwb), lossis hloov pauv yog tias nws ua haujlwm ob txoj hauv kev.

Feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, lub kav hlau txais xov hydroacoustic muaj ib lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus piezoelectric: phaj, disks, rings, raj, kheej kheej, hemispheres, thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntsiab lus Piezo muaj qhov hu ua piezoelectric effect. Yog tias lub teeb hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau siv rau lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus pib oscillate, thiab yog tias lub zog oscillates, piv txwv li, los ntawm lub suab nrov, tom qab ntawd hloov hluav taws xob teeb liab pib tsim rau nws.

Yog li ntawd, cov khoom piezoelectric hloov pauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob mus rau lub suab ua suab nrov (lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog) thiab rov ua dua - lub suab tsis ua suab nrov.

Raws li cov lus hais mus: kev xav yam tsis muaj kev xyaum tuag! Cia peb tsis nkim sijhawm thiab ua khub ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov hydroacoustic.

Kauj Ruam 1: Nqi Khoom

Cov ntaub ntawv uas peb xav tau:

• ib khub piezo buzzers Ф35mm (peb yuav 10 daim rau $ 1.5 ntawm Aliexpress)
• 10-meter daim ntawm RG-174 cable
• ob lub jack 3.5 hli lub tso suab sib txuas
• tooj liab / tooj dag / phaj tsis xeb 50x100 mm dav 1-2 hli tuab
• epoxy kua nplaum
• silicone sealant (tsis-acetic)
• solder thiab flux
• cawv rau degreasing
• ib qho ob tus tiv thaiv nrog nominal qhov tseem ceeb ~ 100Ω thiab 470-1000 kΩ (peb coj 0.25 W MF25)
• ob diodes 1N4934
• nylon xov

Ntsuas:

• laum thiab xyaum Ф3mm thiab 2.5 mm (txhawm rau phaj tooj liab)
• hacksaw los yog dremel (los txiav phaj tooj liab)
• ntawv xuab zeb 200-600 grit (los ntxuav phaj tooj liab)
• riam, xaim txiav (rau tshem cov xov hlau)
• soldering hlau lossis PCB rov ua haujlwm chaw nres tsheb
• hniav spatula rau leveling sealant

Kauj Ruam 2: Yooj Yim Circuitry

Nws tsuas yog tsis yog lub tswv yim zoo los txuas cov khoom piezo rau daim npav suab, laptop lossis ntsiav tshuaj ncaj qha.

Ua ntej tshaj, cov khoom piezoelectric tuaj yeem ua kom muaj nuj nqis txaus uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws xob puas thaum txuas nrog.

Qhov thib ob, thaum txuas nrog kab lossis lub microphone tso rau ntawm daim npav suab, koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim npav suab.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kav hlau txais xov uas tsis txuas nrog los ntawm kev tsub nqi, peb tso tus tiv thaiv ntawm 0.5-1 MΩ (R1) ua ke rau nws.

Hauv qhov tau txais lub kav hlau txais xov kom txwv qhov siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob koj tuaj yeem sib dhos qhov txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntawm diodes D1, D2 thiab resistor 100Ω (R2). Raws li diodes, peb siv 1N4934 thiab ua resistors R1, R2 peb coj MF25 (R1 470 kOhm).

Thov nco ntsoov tias yog koj npaj yuav txuas lub kav hlau txais xov rau lub microphone (thiab tsis txuas rau kab ib), tom qab ntawd koj tseem yuav xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob C1 nrog lub npe 0.1.. 1 uF, txwv tsis pub, lub zog muab los ntawm daim npav suab mus rau lub tshuab electret microphone yuav luv-ncig los ntawm diode D1.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim Tus Kav hlau txais xov

Cov ntsiab lus Piezo lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau glued rau daim hlau nrog epoxy. Nws yuav txo qis zaus resonant ntawm piezoelectric element (raws li qhov tsis tau them nyiaj ntxiv tau ntxiv).

Tsis tas li, raug kaw los ntawm ib sab mus rau phaj hlau khov, cov khoom piezoelectric yuav tsis tuaj yeem cog lus thiab ncab thiab nws yuav tsum khoov. Qhov ntawd yog yam peb xav tau.

• Peb txiav ob daim phaj 50 x 50 mm thiab drilled qhov rau cable (3 mm txoj kab uas hla) thiab ob lub qhov rau txuas cov hlua nrog cov xov nylon nyias, nws tig tawm zoo li hauv daim duab
• Antennas tau txais ob daim ntawm 3 metres los ntawm kev yuav 10-meter daim kab hlau, qhov seem tau tso tseg
• Peb cua lub xov hlau mus rau hauv lub qhov, tso nws lub hauv paus nruab nrab rau txheej txheej hlau ntawm cov khoom piezoelectric, thiab tshuaj ntsuam rau nws cov hlau puag. Hauv kev sib luag, raws li tau pom zoo, peb muab lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm 470 kΩ.
• Peb ntxuav lwm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kab thiab sib sau ua ke: txuas lub hauv paus nruab nrab mus rau qhov nruab nrab kev sib txuas (qhov kawg ntawm qhov txuas), tawm hauv nruab nrab ib qho tsis tu ncua, thiab txuas lub cev txuas mus rau txoj hlua kab.

Kuv ib txwm tsis hnov qab muab lub cev txuas rau ntawm kab ntawv thiab kuv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua txhua yam ob zaug. Tsis txhob rov ua kuv qhov yuam kev).

Tom qab soldering nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los ntxuav cov dej ntws - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov khoom piezoelectric. Txwv tsis pub, dhau sijhawm dhau los yuav noj cov tshuaj soldering.

Yog li, peb tau npaj ob lub kav hlau txais xov (ib qho ntawm lawv muaj qhov txwv txwv). Tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los knead epoxy thiab hnav hnab looj tes yas.

Kauj ruam 4: Gluing

Ua ntej gluing cov ntsiab lus piezoelectric rau cov phaj tooj liab, ob qho tib si yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si thiab txo qis nrog cawv (ethyl lossis isopropyl) lossis acetone.

Tsis txhob siv lwm yam! Roj av lossis kerosene tso cov roj nplaum uas cuam tshuam rau kev nplaum.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rov nco qab tias txhua yam ua haujlwm nrog cawv, acetone, thiab epoxy yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv chav uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo nrog koj txhais tes thiab qhov muag tiv thaiv. Tsis txhob saib tsis taus txoj cai kev nyab xeeb!

Peb saturate cov nylon xov uas tuav cov hlua rau hauv phaj. Rau gluing lub piezoelectric keeb rau lub phaj siv tsuas yog me ntsis ntawm epoxy kua nplaum. Tsis txhob overdo nws! Cov epoxy yuav tsum tsis txhob nce mus rau saum, txwv tsis pub, nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem txheej nyias ntawm piezoceramics thaum polymerization, ntxiv rau epoxy ua rau dej tsis zoo.

Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog qee yam zoo li ntawm cov duab. Feem ntau, epoxy ua kom tiav polymerize hauv 24 teev. Piv txwv li, peb tau tso peb lub kav hlau txais xov mus txog rau hnub tom ntej.

Kauj Ruam 5: Kev tiv thaiv dej

Thaum peb tuaj txog ntawm chav kuaj thaum sawv ntxov, peb txuas thawj lub kav hlau txais xov (tsis muaj qhov txwv txwv) rau lub mloog pob ntseg ntawm lub khoos phis tawj. Yog tias koj qhib lub suab paj nruag thiab nqa tus kav hlau txais xov rau koj lub pob ntseg, koj tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsawg kawg ntawm qhov hnov ntau zaus nws tsim tawm tau zoo heev. Muaj txawm tias hint ntawm ntses bass thaj tsam, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tooj liab puag.

Yog li tam sim no peb muaj lub suab xa xov kav hlau txais xov, tab sis tseem tsis yog hydroacoustic ib qho. Txhawm rau kho qhov no, peb yuav tsum degrease tus kav hlau txais xov dua thiab npog nws hauv ib txheej nyias ntawm cov nplaum.

Lus ceeb toom tseem ceeb: Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj acetate uas muaj cov tshuaj huv huv! Cov kua qaub uas muaj nyob hauv nws yuav corrode cov pob qij txha txuas txuas, cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau ntawm cov khoom piezoelectric.

Peb pom zoo Kim Tek kua roj hmab rau nkoj thiab yachts. DIY-ers los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj polyurethane zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Smooth-On hloov chaw foob.

Txhawm rau kom peb yooj yim, peb sau cov koob txhaj tshuaj uas siv tas pov tseg nrog cov sealant ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws rau cov khoom piezoelectric thiab cov khoom sib txuas.

Tom qab siv cov ntawv foob, peb qib nws nrog cov txhuam hniav lossis nrog qhov nws yooj yim (txawm tias yog ntiv tes). Thaum kawg, peb tau txais nws zoo li hauv daim duab.

Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txheej txheej txheej tuab dhau - cov kav hlau txais xov yuav poob qhov kev nkag siab. Ib txheej ntawm 1 hli yog txaus txaus. Ua tib zoo tiv thaiv cov pob qij txha txuas, cov neeg tawm tsam, thiab diodes nrog cov nplaum.

Koj tuaj yeem npog sab nraub qaum ntawm lub phaj nrog lub foob - peb tau ua nws ntawm ib lub kav hlau txais xov.

Yog tias koj txav cov resistors thiab diodes ze rau kab, tom qab ntawd cov khoom piezoelectric yuav yooj yim dua rau smear nrog cov nplaum thiab txheej yuav du dua.

Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txua ntoo no, peb rov tso cov kav hlau ntev li 24 teev….

Thiab nrog koj zoo siab! Tam sim no koj muaj ob lub xov tooj!

Kauj Ruam 6: Tshaj Tawm Scriptum

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas tau zoo npaum li cas tau tsim cov kav hlau txais xov tshiab los ntawm kev txuas nws ncaj qha rau koj lub laptop, ntsiav tshuaj lossis xov tooj.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua lub cuab yeej siv tau zoo rau lub suab hauv qab. Feem ntau ntawm txhua daim npav suab nrov niaj hnub muaj cov lim lim qis hauv cov tswv yim microphone, txiav txhua yam saum 15 kHz. Tab sis qee lub khoos phis tawj tsis muaj cov ntxaij lim dej zoo li no.

Cov xov tooj thiab cov hloov pauv uas peb tau tsim no tsuas yog pib: peb npaj yuav tshaj tawm cov lus qhia txog kev sib txuas lus hauv qab dej & kev qhia, thov qhia rau peb paub yog tias koj xav tau!