Rooj vag Tsav Tsheb Circuit Court rau Peb Theem Inverter: 9 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:29

Txoj haujlwm no yog qhov pib Tsav Tsheb Rau Cov Khoom Siv hu ua SemiTeach uas peb nyuam qhuav yuav rau peb lub tuam tsev. Cov duab ntawm lub cuab yeej tau qhia.

Txuas qhov kev tsav tsheb no mus rau 6 mosfets tsim peb 120 degree hloov pauv AC voltages. Qhov ntau yog 600 V rau SemiTeach ntaus ntawv. Cov cuab yeej tseem muaj qhov ua yuam kev tso tawm qhov kawg uas muab lub xeev qis thaum kuaj pom qhov yuam kev ntawm ib qho ntawm peb theem

Cov inverters feem ntau siv hauv Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob los hloov DC Voltage ntawm ntau tiam Sources mus rau AC Voltages rau kev xa khoom thiab xa tawm mus. Cov plaub hau thermore, lawv kuj tseem siv los txhawb lub zog los ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Txaus Siab (UPS). Inverters xav tau Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Tsav Tsheb kom tsav Lub Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob siv hauv Circuit Court rau kev hloov pauv. Muaj ntau hom Kev Teeb Meem Qhov Rooj uas tuaj yeem ua piv txwv. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv qab no tham txog kev tsim qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Tsav Tsheb rau Peb Phase Inverter siv 180 degree Kev Coj Ua. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tsom mus rau kev tsim ntawm Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Tsav Tsheb hauv qhov uas tau sau cov ntsiab lus tsim tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj haujlwm no tseem suav nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm microcontroller thiab Circuit thaum lub sijhawm ua yuam kev. Qhov tsim tawm ntawm Circuit yog 6 PWMs rau 3 ceg ntawm Peb Phase Inverter.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Ntawv

Ntau daim ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob xav kom hloov pauv DC Voltage rau AC qhov hluav taws xob xws li kev sib txuas ntawm Solar Panels mus rau National Grid lossis txhawm rau siv AC cov cuab yeej. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm DC rau AC tau ua tiav siv Inverters. Raws li hom khoom siv, muaj ob hom inverters: Ib Phase Inverter thiab Peb Theem Inverter. Ib Phase Inverter Siv DC qhov hluav taws xob raws li kev tawm tswv yim thiab hloov nws mus rau Ib Phase AC Voltage thaum peb Phase Inverter converter hloov DC Voltage rau hauv Peb Theem AC Voltage.

Daim duab 1.1: Peb Theem Inverter

Peb theem inverter ntiav 6 lub transistor hloov pauv raws li qhia saum toj no uas tau tsav los ntawm PWM Cov Teeb Meem siv Lub Rooj Tsav Tsheb Tsav Tsheb.

Gating Cov Teeb Meem ntawm lub inverter yuav tsum muaj theem sib txawv ntawm 120 degrees nrog kev hwm rau ib leeg kom tau txais peb-theem sib npaug tso tawm. Ob hom Kev Tswj Teeb Meem tuaj yeem siv los ua haujlwm hauv Circuit no

• Kev coj ua 180 degree

• 120 degree kev coj ua

180 degree Kev Coj Ua

Hauv hom no, txhua lub transistor tau qhib rau 180 degrees. Thiab txhua lub sijhawm, peb lub transistors tseem hloov pauv, ib lub transistor hauv txhua ceg. Hauv ib lub voj voog, muaj rau hom kev ua haujlwm thiab txhua hom ua haujlwm rau 60 degrees ntawm lub voj voog. Cov teeb liab sib txawv tau hloov pauv los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm theem sib txawv ntawm 60 degrees kom tau txais peb theem sib npaug.

Daim duab 1.2: 180 degree conductio

120 degree Kev Coj Ua

Hauv hom no, txhua lub transistor tau qhib rau 120 degrees. Thiab txhua lub sijhawm, tsuas yog ob lub transistors ua. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txhua lub sijhawm, hauv txhua ceg, tsuas yog ib lub transistor yuav tsum nyob. Yuav tsum muaj theem sib txawv ntawm 60 degrees nruab nrab ntawm PWM Cov Cim kom tau txais qhov sib npaug peb theem AC tso tawm.

Daim duab 1.3: 120 degree kev coj ua

Tuag Sijhawm Tswj

Ib qho kev ceev faj tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua yog nyob hauv ib ceg, ob lub transistors yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau tib lub sijhawm txwv tsis pub DC lub hauv paus yuav luv Circuit Court thiab lub Circuit Court puas. Yog li, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ncua lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm qhov tig o -ntawm ib qho transistor thiab tig rau ntawm lwm lub transistor.

Kauj Ruam 2: Thaiv Daim Duab

Kauj Ruam 3: Cheebtsam

Hauv ntu no cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev tsim qauv yuav raug nthuav tawm thiab yuav raug tshuaj xyuas.

Daim Ntawv Teev Npe

• Optocoupler 4n35

• IR2110 tsav tsheb IC

• Transistor 2N3904

• Diode (UF4007)

• Zener Diodes

• Relay 5V

• THIAB Rooj vag 7408

• ATiny85

Optocoupler

4n35 optocoupler tau siv rau kev kho qhov muag cais ntawm lub microcontroller los ntawm qhov seem ntawm Circuit Court. Qhov tsis kam xaiv yog ua raws tus qauv:

Kuj = LedVoltage/CurrentRating

Kuj = 1.35V/13.5mA

Kuj = 100ohms

Cov zis tsis ua haujlwm raws li rub tawm qhov kev tiv thaiv yog 10k ohm rau kev txhim kho hluav taws xob tsim nyog hla nws.

IR 2110

Nws yog lub rooj tsav tsheb IC feem ntau siv rau kev tsav MOSFETs. Nws yog 500 V Siab thiab Tsawg Sab Tsav IC nrog raug 2.5 Lub hauv paus thiab 2.5 Ib lub dab dej tam sim no hauv 14 Cov Ntim Ntim IC.

Bootstrap Capacitor

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus tsav IC yog lub bootstrap capacitor. Lub bootstrap capacitor yuav tsum muaj peev xwm them tus nqi no, thiab khaws nws qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj qhov cim tseg tsis txaus ntawm ripple ntawm Vbs qhov hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem poob qis dua Vbsuv qis qis kev kaw haujlwm, thiab ua rau HO tso tawm kom tsis ua haujlwm. Yog li tus nqi hauv Cbs capacitor yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg ob zaug ntawm tus nqi saum toj no. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi hluav taws xob tuaj yeem suav los ntawm cov kab zauv hauv qab no.

C = 2 [(2Qg + Iqbs/f + Qls + Icbs (xau)/f)/(Vcc − Vf −Vls − Vmin)]

Qhov twg

Vf = Forward voltage poob hla lub bootstrap diode

VLS = Voltage poob thoob qhov qis FET (lossis thauj khoom rau tus tsav siab)

VMin = Yam tsawg kawg nkaus nruab nrab ntawm VB thiab VS

Qg = Rooj vag them nqi ntawm sab siab FET

F = Zaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Icbs (xau) = Bootstrap capacitor to tam sim no

Qls = qib hloov pauv tus nqi yuav tsum tau ua rau ib lub voj voog

Peb tau xaiv tus nqi ntawm 47uF.

Transistor 2N3904

2N3904 yog ib qho NPN bipolar hlws ris transistor siv rau lub hom phiaj dav-lub zog qis los yog hloov daim ntawv thov. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm 200 mA tam sim no (qhov siab tshaj plaws) thiab zaus ntau npaum li 100 MHz thaum siv los ua lub zog loj.

Diode (UF4007)

Kev tiv thaiv siab I-type semiconductor tau siv los muab cov cim qis qis qis qis qis (Ct). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, PIN diodes ua raws li qhov hloov pauv tsis sib xws nrog rau yav tom ntej kev tsis ncaj ncees, thiab coj tus yam ntxwv ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog rov qab tsis ncaj ncees. Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm siab (tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ntawm cov kab teeb liab) ua rau lawv haum rau siv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv hauv ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov ua kom qis, hloov pauv lub teeb liab ntau zaus (piv txwv li lub xov tooj ntawm tes xav tau lub kav hlau txais xov), thiab AGC circuits.

Zener Diode

Zener diode yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm diode uas, tsis zoo li qhov ib txwm muaj, tso cai rau tam sim no kom tsis txhob tsuas yog los ntawm nws cov anode mus rau nws cov cathode, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv kev coj rov qab, thaum Zener voltage mus txog. Nws yog siv los ua tus tswj hluav taws xob. Zener diodes muaj qhov doped heev p-n kev sib tshuam. Cov diodes ib txwm tseem yuav tawg nrog qhov rov qab hluav taws xob tab sis qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntse ntawm lub hauv caug tsis tau txiav txim siab zoo ib yam li Zener diode. Tsis tas li cov diodes ib txwm tsis tau tsim los ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tawg, tab sis Zener diodes tuaj yeem ntseeg tau ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no.

Relay

Relays yog cov hloov pauv uas qhib thiab kaw cov hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob. Relays tswj ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm kev qhib thiab kaw kev sib cuag hauv lwm qhov Circuit. Thaum kev sib txuas lus sib txuas ib txwm qhib (TSIS MUAJ), muaj kev sib cuag qhib thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas tsis muaj zog. Thaum kev sib txuas lus sib txuas yog Ib txwm Kaw (NC), muaj kev sib cuag kaw thaum lub zog xa tawm tsis muaj zog. Hauv ob qho xwm txheej twg, thov siv hluav taws xob tam sim no rau cov neeg sib tham yuav hloov lawv lub xeev

THIAB GATE 7408

Lub Logic THIAB Rooj vag yog hom digital logic rooj vag uas nws cov zis mus siab rau qib logic 1 thaum tag nrho nws cov tswv yim yog HIGH

AWM 85

Nws yog lub zog qis Microchip 8-ntsis AVR RISC-based microcontroller sib txuas 8KB ISP fl tshauv nco, 512B EEPROM, 512-Byte SRAM, 6 lub hom phiaj I/O kab, 32 lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm rau npe, ib qho 8-ntsis timer/txee nrog cov qauv sib piv, ib qho 8-ntsis kev nrawm nrawm/lub txee, USI, sab hauv thiab sab nrauv cuam tshuam, 4-channel 10-ntsis A/D hloov pauv.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua haujlwm thiab piav qhia Circuit

Hauv ntu no kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit yuav piav qhia ntxaws.

PWM generation

PWM tau tsim los ntawm STM microcontroller. TIM3, TIM4 thiab TIM5 tau siv los tsim peb PWMs ntawm 50 feem pua kev ua haujlwm. Kev hloov theem ntawm 60 degrees tau suav nrog ntawm peb PWMs siv sijhawm ncua. Rau 50 Hz PWM teeb liab, cov hauv qab no tau siv los laij qhov ncua

ncua = Sijhawm Sijhawm ∗ 60/360

ncua = 20ms ∗ 60/360

ncua = 3.3ms

Microcontroller Isolation siv Optocoupler

Kev rho tawm ntawm microcontroller thiab tus so ntawm lub Circuit Court tau ua tiav siv optocoupler 4n35. Kev rho tawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 4n35 yog kwv yees li 5000 V. Nws yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv microcontroller los ntawm cov dej ntws rov qab Raws li lub microcontroller tsis tuaj yeem dais qhov tsis zoo, yog li, rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm microcontroller, optocoupler tau siv.

Rooj Tsav Tsheb CircuitIR2110 tus tsav tsheb IC tau siv los muab PWM hloov mus rau MOSFETs. PWMs los ntawm microcontroller tau muab los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm IC. Raws li IR2110 tsis muaj qhov tsim nyob rau hauv NOT Gate yog li BJT tau siv los ua inverter rau tus pin Lin. Tom qab ntawd nws muab cov PWM ntxiv rau MOSFETs uas yuav tsum tau tsav

Kev Tshawb Fawb Yuam Kev

SemiTeach module muaj 3 tus lej yuam kev uas ib txwm HIGH ntawm 15 V. Thaum twg los xij muaj qhov ua yuam kev hauv Circuit Court, ib tus pin mus rau qib LOW. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv Circuit Court, yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ff thaum lub sijhawm ua yuam kev. Qhov no tau ua tiav siv AND Gate, ATiny85 Microcontroller thiab 5 V Relay. Kev siv THIAB Rooj vag

Cov tswv yim nkag mus rau THIAB Rooj vag yog 3 qhov yuam kev pins uas nyob ntawm HIGH xeev hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej yog li qhov tso tawm ntawm THIAB Rooj vag yog HIGH hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej. Sai li muaj qhov ua yuam kev, ib tus pin mus rau 0 V thiab yog li qhov tso tawm ntawm THIAB Rooj vag mus qis. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qhov yuam kev lossis tsis nyob hauv Circuit Court. Vcc mus rau THIAB Rooj vag yog muab los ntawm Zener Diode.

Txiav Vcc los ntawm ATiny85

Qhov tsim tawm ntawm THIAB Rooj vag tau pub rau ATiny85 Microcontroller uas tsim kev cuam tshuam sai li sai tau muaj qhov ua yuam kev. Qhov no txuas ntxiv rau Relay uas txiav o -Vcc ntawm txhua qhov khoom siv tshwj tsis yog ATiny85.

Kauj ruam 5: Simulation

Rau qhov simulation, peb tau siv PWMs los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hauv Proteus ntau dua li STMf401 tus qauv vim nws tsis muaj nyob hauv Proteus. Peb tau siv Opto-Coupler 4n35 rau kev cais ntawm micro-maub los thiab lwm qhov hauv Circuit Court. IR2103 tau siv rau hauv kev sim ua tam sim no ua haujlwm ntxiv uas muab rau peb ua kom tiav PWMs.

Schematic Diagram Daim duab schematic tau muab raws li hauv qab no:

High Side Output Qhov tso tawm no yog nruab nrab ntawm HO thiab Vs. Hauv qab no qhia pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb sab siab PWMs.

Tsawg Sab Tawm Tsam Qhov tso tawm no yog nruab nrab ntawm LO thiab COM. Hauv qab no qhia pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb sab siab PWMs.

Kauj Ruam 6: Schematic thiab PCB Layout

Cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem PCB tsim los ntawm Proteus tau pom

Kauj Ruam 7: Kev Kho Vajtse

Complementary PWM

Cov duab hauv qab no qhia pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib qho ntawm IR2110 uas yog sib ntxiv

PWM Phase A and B

Theem A thiab B ntawm yog 60 degrees theem hloov pauv. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv fi gure

PWM Phase A and C

Theem A thiab C ntawm -60 degrees theem hloov pauv. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv fi gure

Kauj ruam 8: Coding

Txoj cai tau tsim hauv Atollic TrueStudio. Txhawm rau nruab Atollic koj tuaj yeem saib kuv cov kev qhia yav dhau los lossis rub tawm online.

Txoj haujlwm tiav tau ntxiv.

Kauj ruam 9: Ua tsaug

Ua raws li kuv qhov kev coj ua Kuv xav ua tsaug rau kuv cov tswv cuab pab pawg uas tau pab kuv ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm txaus no.

Vam tias cov lus qhia no pab tau koj.

Nov yog kuv kos npe tawm:)

Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Tahir Ul Haq

EE, UET LHR Pakistan