Simulating Tsim Kev Tshawb Fawb+PCB ntawm Proteus: 10 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Qhov no yog ib qib zuj zus qhia rau Engineers thiab hobbyist. Hauv cov lus qhia no kuv yuav tham txog kev sim ua hluav taws xob & PCB tsim qauv ntawm Proteus 8, thaum kawg kuv tseem yuav tham txog kev kos cov hluav taws xob hauv 5 feeb.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov lus qhia no koj tuaj yeem ua ib txheej pib+phau ntawv qhia ua ob txheej txheej pib thiab phau ntawv PCB kev hla. Koj yuav tuaj yeem ua PCB me me me ntawm cov voj voog loj.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txhim Kho Proteus 8.0

Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa los ntawm labcentre lossis koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib qhov txuas hauv qab no hauv qhov txuas no thiab koj tuaj yeem saib cov vis dis aus qhia yuav ua li cas rub tawm Proteus 8 lossis lwm yam version ntawm Proteus.

LINK

Kauj ruam 2: Pib

Thaum koj tso Prteus nyem rau ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Tshiab lossis nias CTRL+N. Lub qhov rai tshiab hu ua New Project Wizard tshwm

Pib

Muaj koj tuaj yeem hloov Lub Npe thiab Txoj Kev ntawm txoj haujlwm tom qab teeb tsa nyem Tom ntej

Schematic Tsim

Tam sim no koj xav tau rau Mark Tsim cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov ntawv xaiv tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov Default lossis koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho qauv me me ib txwm peb xaiv toj roob hauv pes A4, los ntawm kev xaiv Toj roob hauv pes A4 koj yuav muaj lub qhov rai zoo li hauv daim duab 4

PCB txheej txheem

Yog tias koj tsis xav tau PCB tsim tsuas yog nyem Tom ntej no kos rau ntawm tsim cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov ntawv xaiv, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem xaiv Cov Txheej Txheem Ib Leeg lossis lwm txheej ntawm qhov koj xav tau thiab tom qab ntawd nyem Tom ntej, los ntawm xaiv ib txheej yog tias koj ua nws pib-routing ces lub software yuav ua tsuas yog ib txheej txheej (hauv qab) yog tias koj xaiv lub neej ntawd thiab tom qab ntawd thaum xaiv nws pib ua nws txoj haujlwm software yuav ua ob txheej (txheej saum toj & hauv qab txheej txheej).

Firmware

Feem ntau peb xaiv Tsis muaj qhov Project Firmware, tab sis yog tias peb xav tau ua haujlwm nrog microcontrollers zoo li 8051, Arduino peb xaiv Creat Firmware Project, thiab xaiv cov kev xaiv raws li, yog tias leej twg xav paub txog qhov ntawd tsuas yog sau cov lus tawm, kuv yuav qhia rau qhov ntawd

Ntsiab lus

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov ntawv xaiv thiab nyem Ua Ntej.

Kauj Ruam 3: Muab Cov Khoom Siv

Lub qhov rai xim dub yuav tshwm uas yog PCB txheej tab, koj tuaj yeem hloov lub tab kom pom qhov pom

Nyem rau ntawm P khawm nws sawv rau qhov chaw, lub qhov rai tshiab yuav tshwm sim, Hauv lub qhov rai no koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv los ntawm ntaus cov npe tseeb xws li 1n4007 (diode) lossis yooj yim ntaus diode tab sis yog tias koj xav ua PCB koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas tias cov khoom xaiv tau muaj PCB tsim uas tau qhia hauv PCB ua ntej. Ob npaug nias qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab nws yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv koj li cuab yeej thiab tshawb nrhiav lwm yam khoom thiab tso lawv txhua qhov hauv koj li khoom siv, qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsis muaj PCB saib ua ntej tab sis peb tuaj yeem ntxiv PCB txheej txheem ntawm lawv (hais tom qab).

Lub tswv yim:

• rau electrolytic capacitors tsuas yog tzpe cap-elec
• rau ceramic capacitor hom cap
• rau resistor hom res
• rau AC qhov chaw hom VSINE

Qee zaum koj yuav muaj pob sib txawv tab sis koj tab tom xaiv lwm qhov koj yuav tsum xaiv PCB tsim nyog raws li tau piav ntawm no rau potentiometer (qhov sib txawv resistor) muaj ntau yam potentiometer muaj nyob hauv khw yog li koj yuav tsum xub txheeb xyuas seb muaj dab tsi rau koj ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog, Kuv tau hais ntawm no qee qhov potentiometers.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua Tus Txheej Txheem

rau qhov kev qhia no kuv tau tsim Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hloov pauv

1. Nco ntsoov tias koj tau xaiv lub pob diode me me
2. xaiv ib qho kev tivthaiv raws li kuv tau nyem 1n4007 los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm nyem rau lawv ib zaug, tom qab ntawd nyem rau hauv thaj chaw muab rau teeb tsa lub Circuit tam sim no cov khoom siv muaj nyob rau qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, tso qhov nyem dua. Yog tias koj xav tau lwm tus 1N4007 tsuas yog nyem dua ntau zaus raws li koj xav tau. zoo sib xws tso tag nrho cov khoom
3. txhawm rau koom nrog cov khoom sib koom ua ke nyem rau ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm ib feem, kab yuav pib, koj tuaj yeem nyem rau ntawm lwm qhov uas koj xav kom nws koom nrog zoo li hauv daim duab. zoo ib yam ua tiav koj daim duab qhia chaw.
4. Txhawm rau hloov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv (cov neeg tawm tsam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) ob npaug nyem rau ntawm cov khoom siv thiab hloov nws.
5. Zoo sib xws hloov tus nqi ntawm VSINE los ntawm ob npaug nias nws. Raws li nws yog AC koj xav tau ntxiv zaus thiab qhov muaj nuj nqis raws li tau hais los ntawm qhov tso tawm qhov kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv.
6. Txhawm rau ntxiv voltmeter nyem rau ntawm lub cim ntsuas thiab xaiv DC VOLTMETER tom qab ntawv nyem qhov twg koj xav tso nws txuas nws los ntawm xov hlau (kab) yog tias tsim nyog
7. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov Circuit Court nyem rau ntawm lub cim ua si nyob hauv qab sab laug ntawm tus tiv thaiv.
8. Kuv tau txuas ob daim duab kawg los ntawm kev hloov tus nqi ntawm qhov sib txawv resistor txheeb xyuas qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob.
9. Hauv cov kauj ruam no peb tau sim peb lub Circuit Court thiab txheeb xyuas nws ntawm Proteus koj yuav tsum khaws cov ntawv no rau yav tom ntej

Kauj Ruam 5: Kev npaj rau PCB Tsim

Raws li koj paub peb tsis tuaj yeem tso VSINE lossis Hloov pauv ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj peb xav tau ntxiv qhov thaiv uas hu ua TBLOCK-I2 nws yog ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg txuas uas peb yuav txuas peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm cov hloov pauv zoo ib yam rau voltmeter peb yog mus tso tib lub dav hlau thaiv.

Rau lub hom phiaj no peb yuav hloov VSINE thiab voltmeter nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv (TBLOCK)

Tam sim no tsuas yog ib feem ntxiv uas yog LED leej twg PCB hneev taw ploj mus yog li peb yuav tsum ntxiv PCB hneev taw ntawm LED rau lub hom phiaj ntawd ob npaug nyem rau LED nyem rau ntawm lo lus nug cim lub qhov rai tshiab uas muaj npe pob yuav tshwm yam LED thiab ob-nias LED tam sim no thiab Pob PCB koj tuaj yeem pom muaj yuav sau LED thaum kawg.

Koj tuaj yeem hloov npe lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv los ntawm kev nkag thiab tso tawm lossis txhua yam uas koj nyiam

Cov txheej txheem npaj rau PCB tsim

Kauj Ruam 6: PCB Desiging

Pawg Thawj Coj (Ciam teb lossis Loj)

1. Nyem rau ntawm PCB txheej txheem tab tom qab ntawd nthuav mus rau lub kaum sab laug sab saud raws li pom hauv cov duab no thaiv yog 1x1 cm hauv cheeb tsam
2. Tam sim no los ntawm sab laug toolbar nyem rau ntawm lub pob Square thiab los ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv qab xaiv Board Edge.
3. Kos ib lub duab plaub ntawm txhua qhov me me los ntawm txhaj rau txhua qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam xiav ntawm PCB lub qhov rais, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom kuv tau kos 2 x 2 cm² thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov loj me ntawm koj li PCB koj tuaj yeem hloov nws los ntawm hoovering koj tus nas pointer ntawm txhua lub ces kaum tawm ntawm qhov thaiv no. Raws li kuv kuj tau hloov nws tom qab ua tiav qhov tsim.
4. Tam sim no nyem rau ntawm lub cim me me diode uas qhia tias cov npe teev npe. Xaiv cov khoom siv thiab tom qab ntawd nyem sab hauv lub Square daj kom tso nws
5. Thaum koj yuav tso ib qho kev tivthaiv koj yuav pom kab ntsuab uas qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm ib kis mus rau lwm lub ntsiab lus thiab lub xub xub xub daj uas qhia tias cov khoom no yog koom nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lwm qhov kev tivthaiv. Muab cov khoom tso rau txhua qhov chaw uas koj nyiam nco ntsoov tias koj xaiv txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab yooj yim uas tau qhia los ntawm kab ntsuab. Tom qab tso tag nrho cov khoom koj tuaj yeem kho lub duab plaub daj
6. Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj DRC yuam kev hauv qab kab xwm txheej, DRC yuam kev tshwm sim thaum muaj kev sib tshooj ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg nrog rau lwm lub dav hlau lossis nrog ntug ntug.

Nws Pib-Routing

1. Nyem rau ntawm txoj kab hla los ntawm sab laug toolbar raws li tau piav qhia hauv daim duab tom qab ntawd ob npaug nias lub neej ntawd, hloov qhov dav dav mus rau 20 lossis 25 (qhov no yog qhov tuab ntawm koj li PCB txoj kev) thiab nyem OK
2. Tam sim no nyem rau ntawm lub cim thib ob kawg (Auto-Router) thiab txheeb xyuas Cov Hlau-Kab thiab Via-Grid nws yuav tsum yog ntau dua 15 lwm qhov kev txawj ntse yuav tsis yooj yim hauv kev sib txuas. ces nyem Pib Txoj Kev
3. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj CRC qhov ua yuam kev, yog tias muaj qhov ua yuam kev yuav muaj kev sib txuas uas ploj lawm nias CTRL+Z thiab rov teeb tsa cov khoom ntawd thiab rov pib dua.

Phau Ntawv Qhia

1. Nyem rau ntawm txoj kab hla los ntawm sab laug toolbar raws li tau piav qhia hauv daim duab tom qab ntawd ob npaug nias lub neej ntawd, hloov qhov dav dav mus rau 20 lossis 25 (qhov no yog qhov tuab ntawm koj li PCB txoj kev) thiab nyem OK
2. Nyem rau ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg lub ntsiab lus uas lub davhlau ya nyob twg xav txuas yuav raug hais tawm tsuas yog nyem rau ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ib yam li peb tau ua thaum ua cov phiaj xwm. Ua txhua qhov kev sib txuas koj yuav pom tias thaum twg koj tab tom txuas qhov CRC qhov yuam kev yuav raug txo qis tom qab txhua qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsis muaj CRC yuam kev.

Nco tseg: Tom Qab Txoj Kev (Pib lossis Phau Ntawv) tsuas yog xyuas kom tsis muaj qhov yuam kev

Kauj Ruam Ntxiv

Yog tias koj xav ua kom koj tus qauv PCB tsim kev tshaj lij nyem rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tom qab ntawv thib ob lub npe lub zog phiaj xwm phiaj xwm tsim hluav taws xob Nyem rau ok thiab pom dab tsi tshwm sim nrog koj li PCB tsim

Kauj Ruam 7: Saib 3D

Proteus muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm siv lub cuab yeej pom kev 3D koj tuaj yeem pom koj lub voj voog hauv 3D uas zoo heev

Kauj Ruam 8: Luam Tawm PCB rau Etching (Toner Transfer Method)

Txhawm rau kos koj yuav tsum luam tawm PCB txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv ci los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv laser

Kev luam tawm txheej txheej PCB muaj ob txoj hauv kev

1. Mus rau cov zis nyem rau ntawm cov duab xa tawm tom qab nyem rau ntawm xa tawm Adobe PDF cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj hauv kev no koj yuav txuag PCB txheej raws li cov ntawv PDF thiab lub npov yuav qhib los ntawm lub npov no tsuas yog xaiv hauv qab tooj liab thiab Board Edge thiab tsis txheeb xyuas txhua yam ntxiv thiab nyem OK. Koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov loj me ntawm kev xaiv luam ntawv thaum luam tawm los ntawm adobe lossis lwm yam PDF saib.
2. Mus rau qhov tsim tawm nyem rau ntawm cov txheej txheem luam tawm, lub npov yuav tshwm sim tsuas yog saib hauv qab tooj liab thiab lub rooj ntug Ntug kho qhov PCB raws li pom hauv kev luam ua ntej koj tuaj yeem luam nws nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab nyem OK.

Kauj Ruam 9: Toner Transfer Method

1. Txiav daim ntawv PCB nrog nplai thiab rab riam ntawv koj tuaj yeem saib YouTube cov vis dis aus hais txog yuav txiav cov ntawv acrylic tib yam yqz koj tuaj yeem txiav daim ntawv PCB
2. Nqa cov ntawv ci uas muaj luam tawm ntawm koj li PCB txheej txheej tso rau thaj tsam luam tawm ntawm sab tooj liab ntawm PCB daim ntawv nws tau pom zoo kom siv daim kab xev los tuav nws kom raug.
3. Siv hluav taws xob hlau los hloov tus number case los ntawm daim ntawv ci mus rau koj lub rooj tsav xwm PCB nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg dua 5 feeb los hloov cov ntawv ci, nws yuav tsum tau lo kom raug ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj zoo li daim ntawv lo tom qab 5 txog 7 feeb kos los ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis. number case tau muab tso rau ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj saib. Yog tias tsis yog hlau ntau rau qee lub sijhawm maj mam muab.
4. Tshem tawm cov ntawv ci los ntawm koj lub rooj tsav xwm PCB hauv qab dej sov yog tias muaj cov ntawv hais hauv lub PCB tshiab yog tias muaj cov khoom tshem tawm los ntawm khawb lawv nrog cov ntawv txhuam
5. Kom qhuav PCB lub rooj tsavxwm nrog cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kos yog tias lawv yog cov cim uas tsim nyog koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nws los ntawm kev saib ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj PCB cov qauv tsim yuav tsum luam tawm ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj yog tias muaj qee qhov tsis luam koj tuaj yeem kos cov ntsiab lus nrog tas mus li dub cim

Kauj ruam 10: Etching

1. Siv lub lauj kaub lossis lub tais tais hauv qab ntawm qhov loj me me me dua koj li PCB pawg thawj coj saib
2. Muab lub PCB kuv tso rau hauv lub tais thiab ntxiv 1 mus rau 2 diav hmoov ntawm ferric chloride rau saum cov PCB
3. Boil ib khob dej thiab nchuav dej me me rau ntawm PCB uas muaj ferric chloride cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau mloog zoo tsis txhob dilute ferric chloride tov.
4. Maj mam co lub tais yog hais tias cov tshuaj tau mloog zoo thiab cov dej kub heev cov ntawv yuav tsis siv sijhawm ntau dua 3 feeb Kuv tseem tau ua tiav ib pliag.
5. Koj yuav pom tias tag nrho cov tooj liab raug tshem tawm cia siab tias yuav ua rau dub markered/luam tawm.
6. ntxuav lub rooj tsavxwm nrog dej thiab ntsia thawv polish tshem tawm kom tshem tawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
7. koj qhov PCB yog qhov kawg.
8. ua tib zoo ceev faj ntxiv thaum nplawm nrog dej kub, ferric chloride ua rau cov qias neeg qias neeg heev.

Kuv xav thov txim uas kuv tsis tuaj yeem qhia koj cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ib qib zuj zus. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tias muaj teeb meem tawm lus.