DIY Breadboard Fais Fab Khoom: 5 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Kuv ib txwm xav tau lub hwj chim nqa tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau cov laug cam. Txij li thaum kuv tsis pom nws muag, kuv yuav tsum ua kuv tus kheej. Kuv caw koj ua tib yam.

PCB txhawb nqa los ntawm JLCPCB. $ 2 rau PCBs & Kev Xa Khoom Dawb Ua Ntej Thawj:

Nta:

• Cov zis 5V 1A.
• Plugs ntawm txhua tus qauv 400 lossis 830 taw tes rau lub khob cij.
• Charger nrog them ntau dua, them tshaj thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tam sim no.
• Qhov ntsuas roj teeb nrog ob-xim LED (ntsuab 50-100%, daj 20-50%, liab 0-20%).
• Tsawg ripple/suab nrov tso tawm nrog kev tshem tawm diode.

Kauj ruam 1: Cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb:

• 18650 lithium-ion roj teeb. Kuv nqa kuv lub laptop tawg. Kuv siv ib qho rau txoj haujlwm no kom ua txhua yam kom nruj/teeb raws li qhov ua tau tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv ob lub roj teeb ua ke kom nce peev xwm. Yog tias koj siv ob lub roj teeb kom ntseeg tau tias lawv yog 100% tib lub npe, qauv, hnub nyoog/hnav thiab lub peev xwm, thiab lawv muaj tus nqi zoo sib xws thaum lub sijhawm koj txuas rau lawv. Yuav ntawm no:
• TP4056 charger module nrog tiv thaiv roj teeb. Muaj ib qho tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv roj teeb uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav. Nco ntsoov koj yuav ib qho uas muaj 6 qhov sib txuas, ib yam li daim duab. Yuav ntawm no:
• MT3608 boost converter module. Nws muaj lub zog ntsuas los xaiv qhov hluav taws xob. Hauv qhov no kuv xaiv 5V. Yuav ntawm no:
• Kov tus kheej ntsuas phoo ntsuas ntawm 3A/125V nrog lub qhov taub ntawm 12mm. Yuav ntawm no:
• 470µF 25V electrolytic capacitor. Qhov no txo qhov kev poob qis thaum peb qhia txog kev thauj khoom ntau. Yuav ntawm no:
• 100nF ceramic capacitor. Txo cov suab nrov nrov nrov nrov/suab nrov. Yuav ntawm no:
• 1nF ceramic capacitor. Txo cov suab nrov/suab nrov heev. Yuav ntawm no:
• Schottky diode 1A 40V. Qhov no yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom sib txuas ntawm lub khob cij los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog loj tshwm sim los ntawm ib lub kauj ntawm lub Circuit Court. Yuav ntawm no:
• 2 x 8cm perfboard. Yuav ntawm no:
• X2 ob chav kab 2x3 2.54mm tus pin txiv neej headers. Qee qhov pheej yig arduino nanos tuaj nrog cov no thiab kuv feem ntau tsis solder lawv yog li kuv coj lawv rau txoj haujlwm no. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv nrog 90 lub kaum sab xis uas yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua los pab txhawb kev teeb tsa. Yuav ntawm no:

• Epoxy:

Nco tseg: Raws li Amazon Koom Tes Kuv tau txais los ntawm kev tsim nyog yuav khoom.

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog roj teeb (xaiv tau):

• 3mm ob-xim LED (liab-ntsuab). Kuv muab cov duab kos thiab PCB gerber cov ntaub ntawv rau cov anode thiab cov cathode LEDs zoo ib yam yog li yuav ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog xyuas kom nws muaj qhov sib kis txaus uas thaum tig ob lub LEDs tib lub sijhawm yuav ua rau muaj xim daj. Muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo ob-xim LEDs qhov twg ob xim tsis sib xyaw zoo. Yuav ntawm no:
• NE 5532P op-amp. Yuav ntawm no:
• S8050 NPN transistor. Xyaum ib qho NPN transistor yuav ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij. Yuav ntawm no:

• Resistors (1% ntawm 1/4W lossis 1/8W):

  • R1: 6.2K rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov faib hluav taws xob rau op-amp 2IN+ uas tswj hwm thaum liab LED tig ON. Yuav ntawm no:
  • R2: 2.2K rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov faib hluav taws xob rau op-amp 2IN+ uas tswj thaum lub teeb liab liab tig ON. Yuav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv uas suav nrog tus nqi no thiab feem ntau lwm tus:
  • R3: 51K rau kev tawm tswv yim los hloov qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thaum lub teeb liab liab tig ON kom muaj kev hloov pauv tau.
  • R4: 2K rau liab LED. Tus nqi no yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj li LED.
  • R5: 6.8K rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov faib hluav taws xob rau op-amp 1IN- uas tswj hwm thaum ntsuab LED tig OFF.
  • R6: 2.7K rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov faib hluav taws xob rau op-amp 1IN- uas tswj hwm thaum ntsuab LED tig OFF. Yuav ntawm no:
  • R7: 100K rau kev tawm tswv yim los hloov qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thaum ntsuab LED tig OFF kom muaj kev hloov pauv tau.
  • R8: 100 rau ntsuab LED. Tus nqi no yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj li LED.
  • R9: 5.1K rau cov tswv yim transistor. NPN transistor ua haujlwm ua tus hloov pauv rau qhov tso tawm kom cov lus tawm tswv yim muaj qhov tseeb.
  • R10: 2K rub-nqis rau transistor cov tswv yim.

Nco tseg: Txhua qhov ntsuas tus nqi rau qhov faib hluav taws xob thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim tseem ceeb heev kom ua tiav qhov xav tau. Yog tias koj hloov ib tus nqi tiv thaiv, koj yuav xav hloov lwm tus tiv thaiv kom them nyiaj. Lossis yog tias koj txhob txwm xav hloov qhov hluav taws xob qhov twg LEDs tig ON/OFF, koj tuaj yeem ua nws hloov cov kev ntsuas no.

Cov ntaub ntawv yeem:

• 3mm ob-xim LED (liab-ntsuab) ib qho anode rau lub ntsuas ntsuas. Lub charger them nyiaj muaj ob lub hauv LEDs: ib qho liab qhia tias nws tau them; thiab ib qho xiav los qhia tias txheej txheem them nqi tau tas lawm. Qhov ob-xim LED tuaj yeem hloov cov LEDs yog tias koj xav tau. Yuav ntawm no:
• 2.2K resistor los hloov R3 ntawm lub charger them nyiaj los teeb tsa lub siab tshaj plaws them tam sim no rau ib puag ncig 500mA, hloov ntawm 1A los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Yog tus tiv thaiv saum npoo tab sis txij li thaum kuv tsuas yog yuav los ntawm qhov-resistors kuv siv qhov ntawd.

Kauj ruam 2: Kev npaj

Ua ntej yuav tshuaj txhua yam sim txhua yam khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv.

Lub zog hloov pauv muaj lub zog ntsuas los xaiv qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm. Nco ntsoov tias koj tso nws ntawm 5V ua ntej yuav siv lwm yam khoom vim tias koj tsis xav kom nws teeb tsa hluav taws xob siab thaum koj xub qhib lub zog nrog txhua yam txuas nrog. Koj tuaj yeem tshuab lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis hlawv op-amp ntawm lub ntsuas roj teeb. Txhawm rau hloov kho qhov hloov pauv koj yuav tsum txuas nws mus rau lub roj teeb thiab lub multimeter. Tig lub clockwise kom txo qhov hluav taws xob; tig counter-clock wise kom nce voltage.

Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua qee qhov kev hloov kho rau lub charger them nyiaj, ua tam sim no ua ntej txuas mus rau lwm yam khoom siv. Muaj peb qhov kev hloov kho kuv tau ua. Ua ntej kuv hloov R3 resistor rau 2.2K txhawm rau teeb tsa qhov them nyiaj ntau tshaj tam sim no rau ib puag ncig 500mA, hloov ntawm 1A uas yog los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Qhov laj thawj yog tias IC tau kub heev thaum them nyiaj. Kuv xav txo qhov kub kom txo qhov them tam sim no. Tau kawg nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los them lub roj teeb, tab sis hauv kuv qhov kev xav tau nrawm txaus.

Qhov kev hloov kho zaum thib ob yog los hloov ob lub ntsuas LEDs rau ib-xim LED (liab-ntsuab) ib qho anode. Kuv tau ua qhov no kom zoo dua thiab haum kuv tus qauv, tab sis koj tsis tas yuav ua qhov no.

Thiab qhov kawg uas kuv tau ua rau lub tshuab them nqi hluav taws xob yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub micro USB txuas. Cov khoom siv txuas no raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nres tsheb yog li kuv pom zoo kom muab ntau dua ntawm cov hlau plhaub ntawm qhov txuas thiab PCB. Kuv yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib txuas hluav taws xob tiag tiag nyob tom qab, txawm li cas los xij. Ceev faj tsis txhob ntxiv cov kab laug sab ntau dhau vim tias nws tuaj yeem nkag hauv qhov txuas txuas nws.

Kuv tau pom lub zog hloov pauv rau lub rooj noj mov (tsis muaj lub roj teeb) uas ntsaws rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub khob cij thiab koj tuaj yeem siv qhov tsim ntawd yog qhov koj xav tau, tab sis kuv feem ntau tso arduino nanos ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub khob cij thiab kuv tsis xav tau txhua yam thaiv lawv lub USB txuas.

Kauj Ruam 3: Qhov Taw Qhia Roj Teeb (xaiv tau)

Kuv tsim lub ntsuas roj teeb uas yooj yim heev nrog ob-xim LED (liab-ntsuab) uas ci ntsuab thaum lub roj teeb nyob ntawm 50% (3.64V) lossis siab dua; hloov daj thaum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 50% thiab 20% (3.64V - 3.50V); thiab liab thaum qis dua 20% (3.50V). Nws siv op-amp los tsim ob lub schmitt ua kom tiv thaiv cov LEDs los ntawm qhov muag ntawm qhov pib.

Kuv xav ua kom nruj me ntsis yog li kuv pom zoo siv kuv qhov kev teeb tsa. Los yog zoo dua, xa kuv cov ntaub ntawv gerber thiab xaj kuv li PCB kev cai los ntawm lub vev xaib zoo li JLCPCB.com. Txoj kev ntawd koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom sib txuas ua ke yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm PCB. Tam sim no lawv muaj kev txhawb nqa qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yuav 10 PCBs me me rau 2 USD thiab thauj dawb rau thawj qhov kev txiav txim.

Kuv tsim cov PCBs ntawm easyEDA yog li koj tuaj yeem thauj cov phiaj xwm thiab txawm tias hloov pauv qhov qauv uas koj xav tau.

Bi-color LED Common Cathode:

Bi-color LED Common Anode:

Kauj ruam 4: Sib dhos

Ua ntej siv lub tshuab ua hluav taws xob 3 rau qhov tso tawm ntawm qhov hloov pauv. Cov capacitors no pab txo qis ib qho ripple thiab suab nrov ua rau los ntawm kev txhawb nqa hloov pauv lossis thauj khoom ntawm qhov tso tawm. Kuv xav hais kom txhim kho lawv. Yog tias koj tsis muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseeb, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.

Tom qab ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb hauv Circuit Court, txiav 2x8cm perfboard los ua qhov chaw rau cov studs uas qee lub khob cij muaj nyob ntawm lawv ib sab. Yog tias koj tsis ua qhov no koj lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb yuav tsis sib xws nrog qee hom khob cij, tsawg kawg tsis yog tsis txuas lub hwj chim ntsia rov qab. Tsis yog txhua daim ntawv qhia zaub mov muaj cov studs nyob rau tib sab, thiab qee qhov txawm tias muaj 4 studs hloov chaw ib txwm muaj. 3. Yog tias koj xaiv los tsim lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb kom ntsaws rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub khob cij, koj yuav tseem xav tau chaw rau cov studs uas qee lub khob cij muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg thiab.

Muab 2x3 tus txiv neej tus pin rau ntawm lub khob cij los siv ua cov lus qhia kom muab lawv tso rau ntawm daim txiag ntoo hauv qhov chaw raug.

Ntxiv schottky diode (1A 40V lossis ntau dua) ntawm cov zis. Cov diode no tiv thaiv ib feem txuas nrog ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog loj ua los ntawm cov coils xws li txuas, lub cev muaj zog, inductors, solenoids, thiab lwm yam.

Rau rooj plaub/npog kuv siv cov ntawv tawv dub. Tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws vim yog cov nplaim taws tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv txhua yam koj xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 5: Xaus

Qee cov lus qhia tseem ceeb:

• Tsis txhob siv lub txhab nyiaj fais fab thaum them nyiaj. Cov txheej txheem them nyiaj xiam oob khab ob peb yam kev tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb puas, thiab lub nra tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej ntau dhau. Tsis tas li, muaj kev tiv thaiv overcurrent xiam oob khab tuaj yeem ua puas txawm tias lub khob cij rau nws tus kheej.
• Kev tiv thaiv overcurrent reacts sai heev yog li nws txiav lub zog thaum nws kuaj pom luv Circuit Court. Txhawm rau rov pib dua qhov no, tig lub hwj chim tawm ib ncig 3 vib nas this.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog:

Nov yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qee qhov ntawm kuv qhov kev xeem. Tej zaum nws yuav txawv rau koj tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv nws raws li qhov xav tau:

• Them lub sijhawm los ntawm qhov khoob kom puv (ntawm 560mA): 4:30 teev.
• Nrog lub ntim ntawm 50mA, lub roj teeb puv sijhawm 23 teev thiab 17 feeb.
• Nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 500mA, lub roj teeb puv sijhawm ntev li 2 teev thiab 21 feeb. Qhov no nyob ib puag ncig 1630mAh ntawm qhov tso tawm.
• Kuv pom qhov siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob poob qis ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm 0.03V thaum txuas nrog 500mA thauj khoom, yog li tag nrho nws tso tawm 5V ruaj khov heev. Kuv tau pom lwm qhov hloov pauv me me uas lawv poob qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm 0.7V hauv qab 5V (4.3V) uas kuv pom tsis tau.
• Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob rau lub ntsuas roj teeb tau teeb tsa ib puag ncig 50% = 3.64V, 20% = 3.50V. Cov lus tawm tswv yim hloov tus nqi rau +/- 0.7V. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov sib txawv resistor qhov tseem ceeb txhawm rau hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob qhov twg LEDs tig rau/OFF tab sis kuv qhov txiaj ntsig pom zoo raws li kuv qhov kev ntsuas thiab suav, thiab lawv yuav tsum siv rau feem ntau 18650 roj teeb.

Nws muaj peev xwm siv ob lub roj teeb ua ke kom muaj peev xwm ob npaug. Kuv tau ua qhov version dhau lawm tab sis pom tseeb nws loj dua thiab hnyav dua yog li tsis yog kuv thawj qhov kev xaiv. Koj txiav txim siab qhov twg los tsim.

Qhov ntawd yog nws. Yog koj muaj lus nug, qhia rau kuv paub.

Hmoov zoo.