LM317 Raws Li DIY Txawv Txawv Benchtop Fais Fab Khoom: 13 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Lub zog hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ib qho khoom siv tsim nyog rau ib qho chaw kuaj hluav taws xob lossis ib tus neeg uas xav ua cov haujlwm hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb yog lub zog hloov pauv. Hauv qhov kev qhia no kuv yuav qhia koj li cas kuv tsim LM317 linear positive regulator based variable 1.2-30V (1.2V rau input voltage-2.7V tiag) fais fab mov.

Nov yog cov yam ntxwv uas kuv xav kom kuv PSU muaj.

• Ib qho kev hloov pauv tau nrog qhov tsawg kawg tam sim no 2 A.
• Tsau 12 V cov zis nrog 2A.
• Tsau 5 V cov zis nrog 2 A.
• Tsau 3.3 V cov zis nrog 1A.
• Ob lub USB chaw nres nkoj rau them xov tooj ntawm 1A.

Lub zog siv hluav taws xob tsis siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv nws txo qhov kev nkag mus tas li ntawm 15-35V rau ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso tawm. Yog li koj tuaj yeem siv zog chav tsev no los ntawm ib qho SMPS nrog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob 15-35V thiab tam sim no 2-5A LOSSIS cov khoom hloov pauv nrog tib yam tshwj xeeb.

Kauj ruam 1: Npaj Npaj

1. Mus rau https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/free-download thiab rub Eagle schematic capture software rau koj lub operating system.
2. Mus rau https://www.sketchup.com/download thiab rub tawm qhov tseeb ntawm SketchUp thiab nruab nws.
3. Nrhiav qhov SMPS zoo nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm 15-36V LOSSIS ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv nrog 15-36V DC tso zis hluav taws xob.

Kauj ruam 2: Schematic

Cov phiaj xwm yuav muab tswv yim rau koj txog kuv txoj kev npaj. Tab sis nws tsis tau tsim los tsim cov ntawv PCB raws li kuv ib txwm ua perfboard rau kuv ib qho qauv tsim. Yog li kuv tsis quav ntsej txog cov khoom ntim khoom. Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov pob kom raug yog tias koj xav tsim PCB txheej txheem. Muaj peb lub LM317s thiab peb TIP2955 PNP dhau transistors rau txhua tus. Txhua qhov ntawm LM317s yuav txo 36V cov tswv yim rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. U2 yuav tso tawm qhov tsis tu ncua 12V, U3 yuav tso tawm qhov hloov pauv qhov sib txawv thiab U1 yuav tsim cov pabcuam 12V rau lwm 5V thiab 3.3 tus tswj hwm thiaj li txo cov cua sov tawg los ntawm lawv.

LM317 tuaj yeem muab cov zis tam sim no tshaj li 1.5A. Tab sis qhov no, nrog qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev tawm tswv yim thiab tso tawm hluav taws xob, LM317 yuav tsum tso tawm lub zog ntau dua li cua sov; kub heev. Yog li peb siv cov ntsiab lus dhau. Ntawm no kuv tau siv TIP2955 fais fab transistor raws li kis keeb ntawm qhov zoo. Koj tuaj yeem siv TIP3055 lossis 2N3055 ua ntu dhau ntawm qhov tsis zoo lossis sab tso tawm. Tab sis qhov laj thawj kuv xaiv PNP sawv daws yog vim lawv tsis hloov pauv qhov tso zis raws li NPN transistors yuav ua (cov zis yuav +0.7V siab dua thaum siv NPN). PNP transistors tau siv los ua cov ntsiab lus qis hauv kev tso tawm qis thiab cov cai tswj kev tso tawm qis. Tab sis lawv nthuav tawm qee qhov teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg tso tawm uas tuaj yeem txo los ntawm kev ntxiv cov capacitors ntawm qhov tso tawm.

2W resistors R5, R7 thiab R9 yuav tsim hluav taws xob txaus kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev hla transistors ntawm cov dej ntws qis. Lub koom haum pabcuam 12V tau txuas nrog cov tswv yim ntawm peb lub LM2940 ultra-low dropout 5V 1A tus tswj hwm uas ob qho tau siv rau USB cov txiaj ntsig thiab lwm qhov yog rau pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag tso tawm. Ib ntawm 5V cov zis tau txuas nrog AMS1117 tus tswj hwm rau 3.3V cov zis. Yog li nws yog kab ke network ntawm cov tswj hwm sib txawv.

Qhov hloov pauv tau los ntawm U3 raws li qhia hauv kab lus. Kuv siv 5K potentiometer hauv koob nrog 1K lauj kaub kom ntxhib thiab hloov kho qhov tso zis hluav taws xob. DSN DVM-368 (nyeem ntawm kuv lub vev xaib) voltmeter module txuas nrog rau qhov hloov pauv tau los tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej. Saib ntu "Txuas" kom pom cov kev hloov kho uas yuav tsum tau ua rau voltmeter module. Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm yam V lossis A modules yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntau.

Rub tawm cov ntsiab lus siab-p.webp

Kauj Ruam 3: SketchUp 3D Qauv

Txhawm rau npaj qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov txuas, hloov pauv thiab lwm yam kom tau qhov ntev los txiav MDF lub rooj tsavxwm, txhuas channel thiab lwm yam, Kuv xub tsim qauv 3D ntawm PSU lub thawv hauv SketchUp. Kuv twb muaj tag nrho cov khoom siv nrog kuv. Yog li tsim tus qauv tau yooj yim. Kuv siv MDF pawg thawj coj saib tuab 6 hli thiab txhuas extrusions (lub kaum sab xis) ntawm qhov loj 25 hli thiab tuab 2 hli. Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm SketchUp cov qauv ntaub ntawv siv qhov txuas hauv qab no.

LM317 PSU SketchUp 2014 cov ntaub ntawv: Rub tawm cov ntawv hauv qab no. Koj tsis tau rub tawm, hloov kho thiab faib cov khoom no rov qab.

Kauj Ruam 4: Sau Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Qhov Chaw

Cov no yog cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv xav tau.

Rau PSU lub thawv,

• MDF board ntawm tuab 6 hli.
• Aluminium Angled Extrusions - qhov loj 25 hli, tuab 2 hli.
• 25 hli tshuab ntsia hlau nrog slotted, puag ncig lub taub hau thiab cov txiv ntseej thiab cov ntxhua khaub ncaws.
• Acrylic lossis ABS ntawv tuab 3-4 hli.
• Qub CPU Aluminium heatsink thiab kiv cua.
• PVC taw ntawm qhov ntev 1.5 cm.
• Matte dub tsuag xim.
• MDF primer.

Rau Circuit Board,

• 3x TIP2955 (TO-247 pob)
• Mica insulators rau TO-247 transistors
• 3 x317t
• 3 tx2940
• 1 x AMS1117-3.3
• 3x 2W, 100 Ohm resistors
• 10 x 100 nF ceramic capacitors
• 6x 1 N4007 diodes
• 470 uF, 40V lub kaus mom hluav taws xob
• 1 x 6A4 diode
• 3 x 1K resistors
• 3 x 200 Ohm resistors
• 1x 3-4A fuses thiab cov tuav fuse
• 100 uF, 10V lub hau hluav taws xob
• 1 x 1K linear potentiometer
• 1 x 5K linear potentiometer
• 2x Potentiometer pob qhov rooj
• 2 tus pin davhlau ya nyob twg
• Heatsinks rau TO220 pob
• Cov cua sov muab tshuaj txhuam
• 4x SPST Toggle/Qib hloov pauv
• Cov kab thiab cov xov hlau los ntawm cov khoom siv PC qub
• Cov cua sov ntsws ntsws ntawm 3mm thiab 5mm
• Perforated matrix PCB
• Txiv neej tus pin headers
• 2x Poj niam USB hom A receptors
• 4x Tus hais lus txuas LOS YOG 8x kab ntawv sib dhos
• 1x SPST/DPDT rocker hloov
• 4 x 3mm/5mm LEDs
• 1x DSN-DVM-368 voltmeter
• 5 x Poj niam DC chim txuas txuas (ntsia tau)
• Yas standoffs

Cov cuab yeej

• Hacksaw hniav
• Drilling tshuab
• Qhov ntswg neeg uas ua ntawv
• Ntau hom ntaub ntawv
• Ntau hom spanners
• Ntsuas kab xev
• Dub cim CD cim
• Ntau hom Philips thiab cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau (yuav khoom)
• Retractable riam thiab hniav
• Cov cuab yeej teb (tsis tsim nyog yog tias koj muaj txuj ci)
• 300 thiab 400 cov ntawv me me xuab zeb
• Nipper (rau cov xov tooj tooj liab)
• Multimeter
• Soldering hlau
• Solder hlau thiab flux
• Cov hlua hlau
• Tweezers
• Thiab txhua yam cuab yeej koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau.
• Cov pa phem/Daim npog ntsej muag kom tiv thaiv xim.

Kauj Ruam 5: Tsim Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Circuit

Txiav lub perfboard raws li qhov koj xav tau. Tom qab ntawd tso thiab cov khoom sib txuas raws li cov txheej txheem. Kuv tsis tau ua PCB cov ntawv rau kev kos. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv Eagle schematic cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no los ua PCB ntawm koj tus kheej. Txwv tsis pub siv koj qhov kev txawj ntse los npaj qhov kev tso kawm thiab rov ua dua thiab ua kom zoo dua txhua yam. Ntxuav PCB nrog IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol) daws kom ntxuav txhua qhov seem uas seem.

Kauj Ruam 6: Tsim Lub Thawv

Txhua qhov ntev uas MDF lub rooj tsavxwm, txhuas txoj hauv kev yuav raug txiav, qhov ntev, qhov tso rau qhov thiab txhua yam nyob hauv tus qauv SketchUp. Tsuas yog qhib cov ntawv hauv SketchUp. Kuv tau muab pawg ua ke ua ke, yog li koj tuaj yeem yooj yim zais qee qhov ntawm tus qauv thiab siv Measure tool los ntsuas qhov ntev. Txhua qhov ntev yog hli lossis cm. Siv 5mm khoom rau qhov drilling qhov. Ib txwm tshuaj xyuas qhov sib dhos ntawm qhov thiab lwm qhov kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam yuav yooj yim ua ke. Siv cov ntawv xuab zeb los ua kom du ntawm MDF thiab Aluminium raws.

Koj yuav tau txais lub tswv yim yuav tsim lub thawv li cas thaum koj tshuaj xyuas tus qauv 3D. Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho nws raws li qhov koj xav tau. Nov yog qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem tso koj lub tswv yim thiab kev xav mus rau qhov siv tau ntau tshaj.

Rau lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej, siv cov ntawv acrylic lossis ABS thiab txiav qhov hauv nws siv lub tshuab txiav laser yog tias koj tuaj yeem nkag tau rau ib qho. Tab sis hmoov tsis kuv tsis muaj lub tshuab laser thiab nrhiav ib qho yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm tsis txaus siab. Yog li kuv txiav txim siab los ua raws li kev coj ua ib txwm muaj. Kuv pom cov yas thav duab thiab cov thawv los ntawm cov tub yees qub los ntawm cov khw seem. Qhov tseeb kuv yuav lawv rau tus nqi tsis tsim nyog. Ib qho ntawm cov thav duab tau tuab thiab tiaj txaus kom siv ua lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej; nws tsis yog tuab heev lossis tsis dhau. Kuv txiav nws nrog kev ntsuas raug thiab drilled thiab txiav qhov hauv nws, kom haum rau txhua qhov hloov pauv thiab cov txuas txuas. Lub hacksaw thiab lub tshuab drilling yog kuv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb.

Vim yog kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub npov, koj yuav ntsib qee qhov teeb meem txuas rau lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej mus rau lwm lub thawv. Kuv glued cov yas yas ntawm ABS yas tom qab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag thiab ntsia ncaj qha rau lawv yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau txiv ntseej. Koj yuav tsum tau ua qee yam zoo li no lossis qee yam zoo dua.

Txog lub rhaub dej kub, Kuv siv ib qho los ntawm CPU txias dua. Kuv drilled qhov hauv nws thiab txuas tag nrho peb kis transistors nrog mica insulators (Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb!) Nruab nrab ntawm lawv rau kev cais hluav taws xob. Paub txog lub rhaub dej ib leeg yuav tsis ua txoj haujlwm, tom qab ntawd kuv ntxiv lub kiv cua txias los ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub rhaub dej kub thiab txuas nws mus rau ntu pabcuam 12V.

Kauj Ruam 7: pleev xim rau lub thawv

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xuab zeb MDF nrog 300 lossis 400 pob zeb me me ua cov ntawv txhuam. Tom qab ntawd siv daim nyias nyias, txheej txheej ntawm ntoo primer lossis MDF primer. Thov lwm txheej tom qab thawj txheej tau qhuav txaus. Rov ua qhov no raws li qhov koj xav tau thiab cia nws qhuav rau 1 lossis 2 hnub. Koj yuav tsum xuab zeb txheej txheej ua ntej koj tuaj yeem txau cov xim. Kev pleev xim yog yooj yim siv cov kaus poom pleev xim.

Kauj Ruam 8: Txuas kab

Txhim kho lub rooj tsavxwm uas koj tau siv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv hauv qab thiab ntsia hlau nws siv lub tshuab me me ntsia hlau thiab sawv ntawm lawv. Kuv siv cov xov hlau los ntawm cov khoom siv khoos phis tawj qub vim lawv zoo. Koj tuaj yeem txuas cov xov hlau ncaj qha mus rau lub rooj tsavxwm lossis siv cov txuas lossis tus pin taub hau. Kuv tau ua PSU nrawm heev yog li kuv tsis siv ib qho txuas. Tab sis nws tau pom zoo kom siv cov khoom sib txuas thaum twg los xij thiab txhua qhov chaw ua tau, txhawm rau ua txhua yam hloov pauv thiab yooj yim rau sib dhos thiab sib dhos.

Kuv tau hla dhau qee qhov teeb meem coj txawv txawv thaum thaiv thiab thawj qhov kev sim. Thawj qhov yog qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov zis. Raws li peb tab tom siv PNP dhau cov ntsiab lus, cov zis yuav oscillate muab txo qhov ua tau zoo DC voltage ntawm lub ntsuas. Kuv yuav tsum txuas tus nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los kho qhov teeb meem no. Qhov teeb meem tom ntej yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv pawg thawj coj thiab ntawm cov khoom sib txuas! Kuv tseem tsis paub tias qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi, tab sis kuv tau daws qhov no los ntawm kev siv qee qhov muaj txiaj ntsig siab tiv thaiv, 1K, 4.7K thiab lwm yam, ntawm cov khoom tso tawm ncaj qha. Kuv siv 2K (1K+1K) tus nqi tiv thaiv rau qhov program Aux 12V thiab lub ntsiab lus 12V tawm.

Peb tsuas xav tau DSN-DVM-368 voltmeter rau qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv raws li txhua lwm cov txiaj ntsig tau tsau. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txuas (TSEEM CEEB! Lub voltmeter twb muaj 5V tus tswj hwm sab hauv. Pub 12V ncaj qha rau nws yuav ua rau lub cua sov tsis xav tau. Yog li peb siv 7809, 9V tus tswj hwm ntawm AUX 12V thiab Vcc cov tswv yim ntawm voltmeter. Kuv yuav tsum tau ua 7809 ib qho "ntab" cov khoom raws li nws tau ntxiv tom qab kuv tau muab cov laug cam tso pov tseg.

Kauj Ruam 9: Xeem

Txuas SMPS nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm 15-35V thiab tam sim no yam tsawg kawg 2A, txhawm rau tawm tswv yim ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm txawm tias yog DC lub tog raj kheej. Kuv siv 36V 2A SMPS nrog kev tiv thaiv tam sim no (kaw) built-in. Saib saum lub rooj ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas.

Thauj cov cai hauv no tsis zoo vim yog lub zog tso tawm ntawm SMPS Kuv tab tom siv. Nws yuav txwv qhov tam sim no thiab kaw ntawm cov dej siab. Yog li kuv tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas tam sim no. Txog li 14V, kev tswj hwm kev thauj khoom zoo li zoo. Tab sis siab dua 15V teeb tsa hluav taws xob (#8, #9, #10), thaum kuv txuas lub nra, qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm yuav qis dua ib puag ncig 15V nrog qhov tam sim no ntawm 3.24A. Ntawm #10, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yog ib nrab ntawm cov teeb hluav taws xob ntawm 3.24A tam sim no! Yog li nws zoo li kuv li SMPS tsis tau muab tam sim no txaus kom ua qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov tau teev tseg. Lub zog siab tshaj plaws uas kuv tuaj yeem tau yog #11, ntawm 58W. Yog li, tsuav koj khaws cov zis tam sim no qis, qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm yuav nyob qhov twg nws xav tau. Ib txwm khaws qhov muag ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, tam sim no thiab qhov kub ntawm lub rhaub dej kub raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog yuav raug tso tawm nyob ntawd.

Kauj ruam 10: Ua tiav

Thaum koj ua tiav qhov kev xeem, sib sau ua ke txhua yam thiab daim ntawv lo rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag raws li koj nyiam. Kuv pleev xim rau lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej nrog cov xim nyiaj thiab siv tus cim ruaj khov rau daim ntawv lo khoom (tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo los ua). Kuv muab daim ntawv nplaum DIY kuv tau txais nrog kuv thawj Arduino, ntawm xub ntiag.

Kauj Ruam 11: Pros thiab Cons

Muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo nrog lub zog tsim qauv no. Nws ib txwm tsim nyog kawm lawv.

Zoo

• Yooj yim los tsim, tsim thiab hloov kho raws li nws yog txoj cai tswj fais fab mov.
• Tsawg qhov tsis xav tau ntawm qhov tso tawm piv rau cov chav SMPS zoo tib yam.
• Tsawg dua EM/RF cuam tshuam ua.

Tsis zoo

• Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo - feem ntau ntawm lub zog raug pov tseg raws li cua sov ntawm lub rhaub dej kub.
• Kev tswj hwm cov khoom tsis zoo piv rau SMPS lub zog tsim khoom tsim.
• Qhov loj me me piv rau lub zog zoo ib yam SMPSs.
• Tsis muaj kev ntsuas tam sim no lossis txwv.

Kauj ruam 12: Troubleshooting

Digital multimeter yog lub cuab yeej zoo tshaj los daws teeb meem kev siv fais fab. Txheeb xyuas txhua tus tswj hwm ua ntej yuav siv lub khob cij. Yog tias koj muaj ob DMMs, nws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob ib txhij.

1. Yog tias tsis muaj lub hwj chim ntawm qhov tso tawm, txheeb xyuas qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm tus lej nkag, ntawm tus tswj tus lej nkag thiab xyuas ob zaug yog tias PCB sib txuas raug.
2. Yog tias koj pom cov zis tawm oscillating, ntxiv cov electrolytic capacitor ntawm tus nqi tsis pub tsawg dua 47uF ze rau cov chaw tso tawm. Koj tuaj yeem tso lawv ncaj qha mus rau cov chaw tso tawm.
3. Tsis txhob luv cov txiaj ntsig lossis txuas qis impedance load ntawm cov txiaj ntsig. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tswj hwm ua tsis tiav vim tias tsis muaj kev txwv tam sim no hauv peb qhov kev tsim. Siv tus nqi tsim nyog fuse ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Kauj Ruam 13: Kev txhim kho

Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim linear fais fab mov. Yog li muaj ntau yam koj tuaj yeem txhim kho. Kuv tau ua qhov no nrawm vim tias kuv xav tau qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv heev. Nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov no, Kuv tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj "Precision Digital Power Supply" zoo dua yav tom ntej. Tam sim no ntawm no yog qee txoj hauv kev koj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tsim qauv tam sim no,

1. Peb siv cov kab tswj hwm zoo ib yam li LM317, LM2940 thiab lwm yam Raws li kuv tau hais ua ntej cov no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau teeb tsa lub roj teeb. Yog li koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi, nrhiav ib qho ntawm cov pheej yig DC-DC phaw modules los ntawm ib lub khw hauv online thiab hloov cov cai tswj kab nrog lawv. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua (> 90%), muaj kev tswj hwm zoo dua qub, muaj peev xwm ntau dua, txwv tam sim no, tiv thaiv luv Circuit Court thiab txhua yam. LM2596 yog ib yam zoo li ntawd. Cov pob (nqis nqis) cov qauv yuav muaj lub zog ntsuas qhov tseeb nyob rau sab saum toj. Koj tuaj yeem hloov nws nrog "multi-turn potentiometer" thiab siv nws ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej tsis yog cov lauj kaub ib txwm muaj. Qhov ntawd yuav ua rau koj tswj tau ntau dua qhov tso zis hluav taws xob.
2. Peb tsuas yog siv lub voltmeter ntawm no, yog li peb dig muag txog tam sim no peb PSU tab tom muab. Muaj cov pheej yig "Voltage thiab Current" ntsuas cov ntsuas. Yuav ib qho thiab ntxiv rau cov zis, tej zaum yuav yog ib qho rau txhua qhov tso tawm.
3. Tsis muaj qhov txwv tam sim no hauv peb qhov tsim. Yog li sim txhim kho nws los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov kev txwv tam sim no.
4. Yog tias koj lub cua sov kiv cua muaj suab nrov, sim ntxiv qhov ntsuas cua ntxuam ntxuam tuaj yeem nrog kev tswj ceev.
5. Lub roj teeb them nuj nqi tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv.
6. Cais tawm cov txiaj ntsig rau kev sim LED.

Thawj qhov khoom plig hauv Kev Sib Tw Fais Fab