Arduino Digital Clock Synchronized los ntawm 60Hz Fais Fab Kab: 8 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Lub moos Arduino raws lub moos digital no tau ua tiav los ntawm 60Hz fais fab kab. Nws muaj qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig ib qho anode 4 tus lej 7 ntu ntu uas qhia teev thiab feeb. Nws siv tus ntoo khaub lig hla lub ntsuas kom pom thaum lub 60Hz sine yoj hla qhov xoom hluav taws xob taw tes thiab tau txais 60 Hz square yoj.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv qhov zaus ntawm lub sine yoj nkag los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis vim yog thauj khoom, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev nws qhov nruab nrab mus rau 60Hz meej heev. Peb tuaj yeem siv qhov zoo ntawm qhov no kom tau txais lub sijhawm los ua kom sib haum peb lub moos.

Kauj ruam 1: Daim duab Circuit Court

Muaj ob qhov hloov pauv ntawm Circuit Court nyob ntawm seb koj xav siv lub tshuab hloov pauv nrog lub kais nruab nrab lossis ib qho tsis muaj, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit yuav luag zoo ib yam. Txog qhov kev tsim no kuv siv cov phab ntsa txuas (tsis muaj lub kais nruab nrab) uas tawm 12V AC. Kuv yuav siv qhov kev tsim qauv no (Digital Clock1 Circuit Diagram) rau kev piav qhia Circuit. Nco tseg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv lub phab ntsa txuas uas tawm 12V AC tsis yog 12V DC kom peb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau AC sine wave rau lub sijhawm. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab hloov pauv uas tso tawm 9V AC, tshem R19 thiab ua kom nws ua haujlwm tau, tab sis 12V feem ntau muaj. Nov yog qhov Circuit Court ua haujlwm li cas:

120V AC ntawm 60Hz hloov mus rau 12V AC los ntawm kev hloov pauv TR1. Qhov no tau pub rau diode D4 thiab hloov kho kom tsuas yog +qhov hluav taws xob tau pub rau, thiab smoothed rau kwv yees li DC nrog ripple, los ntawm lub capacitor C3. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm C3 tau pub rau 7805 tus tswj hluav taws xob (U6) ntawm tus tiv thaiv R19. R19 yog siv los txo qhov hluav taws xob ntawm C3 uas hauv kuv kis tau ntsuas ntawm kwv yees li 15VDC. Qhov no tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm 7805 tab sis nrog qib no ntawm kev nkag mus 7805 yuav tsum poob kwv yees li 10VDC thiab vim li ntawd tau txais kub heev. Los ntawm kev siv R19 kom txo qhov hluav taws xob mus txog 10VDC peb tiv thaiv U6 los ntawm cua sov ntau dhau. Yog li qhov no tsis yog txheej txheem hloov pauv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws ua haujlwm rau peb lub hom phiaj. NCO TSEG: siv tsawg kawg yog 1/2W resistor lossis ntau dua ntawm no. Lub vojvoog kos txog 55 ma, yog li lub zog tso tawm hauv R19 yog li 1/3W raws li P = I ** 2*R lossis P = 55ma x 55ma x 120 ohms = 0.363W. Tom ntej U6 tso tawm 5V DC ntshiab nrog C4 thiab C5 ntawm qhov tso tawm kom lim txhua lub suab nrov ntawm 5V cov kab hluav taws xob. Qhov 5V DC tso cai rau txhua tus ICs ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.

Los ntawm TR1 peb tseem coj tus qauv ntawm cov teeb liab AC uas tsis tau lim tawm thiab pub nws rau hauv lub hwj chim RV1 uas yog siv los kho qib pub rau tus ntoo khaub lig hla lub ntsuas. R18 thiab R17 tsim qhov faib hluav taws xob txhawm rau txo qis qib AC qhov hluav taws xob nkag los. Nco ntsoov qhov no los ntawm 12V AC thiab peb yuav tsum txo nws kom tsawg dua 5 V kom nws yuav ua haujlwm nrog peb hla hla lub ntsuas uas tsuas yog powered los ntawm 5VDC. R15 thiab R16 muab kev txwv tam sim no thaum D1 thiab D2 tau npaj los tiv thaiv kev hla dhau ntawm op-amp U5. Hauv kev teeb tsa pom U5 qhov tso tawm ntawm tus pin 1 yuav hloov ntawm +5V thiab 0V txhua lub sijhawm cov khoom siv sine yoj hloov pauv los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov tsis zoo. Qhov no ua rau 60 Hz square yoj uas tau pub rau lub microcontroller, U4. Qhov haujlwm tau teeb tsa ntawm U4 tom qab ntawd siv qhov no 60Hz square yoj txhawm rau nce lub moos txhua feeb thiab teev. Yuav ua li cas qhov no ua tiav yuav tham txog hauv ntu ntawm software program thiab hauv cov lus software.

U7 74HC595 hloov npe rau npe tau siv vim tias peb muaj tsawg tus lej ntawm tus lej digital ntawm tus microprocessor, yog li nws tau siv los nthuav cov lej tawm. Peb siv 4 tus lej digital ntawm microprocessor tab sis tuaj yeem tswj 7 ntu ntawm cov zaub ntawm 74HC595. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov qauv ua ntej ntawm cov khoom, khaws cia hauv lub microcontroller, thiab uas sawv cev rau txhua tus lej los tso tawm, rau hauv kev hloov npe.

Cov zaub siv ntawm no yog ib qho anode, yog li peb yuav tsum tau hloov pauv lub teeb liab theem tawm ntawm 74HC595 txhawm rau txhawm rau qhib ntu. Thaum ntu yuav tsum tau tig rau ntawm lub teeb liab tawm los ntawm 74HC595 tus pin tso tawm yuav nyob ntawm +5V, tab sis peb xav tau tus pin nws tab tom pub zaub rau ntawm lub vijtsam kom yog 0V txhawm rau tig rau ntu ntu ntawd. Yog li ua qhov no peb xav tau hex inverters U2 thiab U3. Hmoov tsis zoo ib inverter IC tsuas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm 6 qhov kev hloov pauv yog li peb xav tau ob ntawm lawv txawm hais tias nyob rau qhov thib ob peb tsuas yog siv ib ntawm 6 lub rooj vag. Hmoov tsis zoo. Koj yuav nug yog vim li cas tsis siv hom cathode ib txwm tso tawm ntawm no thiab tshem tawm U2 thiab U3? Zoo cov lus teb yog koj tuaj yeem, Kuv tsuas yog tshwm sim muaj hom anode ntau hauv kuv qhov khoom siv. Yog tias koj muaj lossis xav siv hom cathode ib txwm tso tawm tsuas yog tshem tawm U2 thiab U3 thiab rov qhib Q1 - Q4 kom cov transistor cov neeg khaws khoom tau txuas nrog cov pins tso tawm thiab cov transistor emitters txuas nrog hauv av. Q1 - Q4 kev tswj hwm uas ntawm plaub plaub 7 ntu qhia tau ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog tswj los ntawm microcontroller, ntawm tus pin txuas nrog lub hauv paus ntawm transistors Q1 - Q4.

Kev nce ntxiv thiab teeb tsa cov nyees khawm yuav raug siv los teeb tsa lub sijhawm teev kom raug thaum nws los txog rau siv lub moos tiag tiag. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem ib zaug khawm nce ntxiv tuaj yeem siv rau qib dhau ntawm cov teev qhia ntawm cov zaub. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem dua, khawm ntxiv tuaj yeem siv los nqis tes los ntawm cov feeb uas pom ntawm lub vijtsam. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem rau zaum thib peb, lub sijhawm tau teeb tsa. R13 thiab R14 rub lub microcontroller pins cuam tshuam nrog cov nyees khawm qis thaum tsis siv.

Nco tseg tias ntawm no peb tau tshem U4 (Atmega328p) tawm ntawm Arduino UNO tus qauv pawg thawj coj thiab muab nws tso rau ntawm pawg thawj coj saib nrog rau seem ntawm peb qhov Circuit. Txhawm rau ua qhov no peb yuav tsum tsawg kawg muab siv lead ua X1 thiab cov khoom siv C1 thiab C2 los muab lub moos qhov chaw rau lub microcontroller, khi tus pin 1, tus pin rov pib dua, siab thiab muab 5VDC zog.

Kauj Ruam 2: Breadboard Koj Lub Vaj Tsev

Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tsim cov phiaj xwm raws nraim li tau hais hauv daim duab qhia hluav taws xob lossis tej zaum siv qhov sib txawv me ntsis hloov pauv, tso saib yam lossis lwm yam khoom siv, koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm lub Circuit Court ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua haujlwm thiab koj nkag siab tias nws ua haujlwm li cas.

Hauv cov duab koj tuaj yeem pom tias ua mov ci tag nrho txhua yam yuav tsum muaj ob peb lub laug cam nrog rau Arduino Uno board. Yog li txhawm rau txhawm rau teeb tsa lub microcontroller lossis sim lossis hloov pauv rau software, koj yuav xub xav tau microcontroller IC ntawm UNO board kom koj tuaj yeem txuas lub USB cable rau nws thiab koj lub khoos phis tawj kom rub cov program lossis hloov kho software.

Thaum koj tau txais lub moos ua haujlwm ntawm lub khob cij thiab muaj koj lub microcontroller programmed, koj tuaj yeem tshem nws thiab ntsaws nws rau hauv lub qhov (socket) ntawm koj qhov kawg tsim lub moos tas mus li ntawm pawg thawj coj saib. Nco ntsoov ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo li qub thaum koj ua qhov no. Siv lub pluaj dab teg los tiv thaiv zoo li qub thaum tuav lub microprocessor.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Tsim Vaj Tsev ntawm Protoboard

Lub Circuit Court tau tsim los ntawm ib daim qauv ntawm pawg thawj coj saib thiab xaim txuas mus rau taw tes siv #30 AWG xaim xaim xov hlau. Nws muab qhov nyuaj thiab ntseeg tau. Vim tias tus hloov pauv Kuv muaj tus txiv neej 5 hli ntsaws rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab ntawv, Kuv tau teeb tsa tus poj niam sib txuas rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm los ntawm kev txiav, khoov thiab tho ib qho ntawm 1/2 dav tiaj tiaj aluminium sawb kom ua raws li kev cai bracket thiab tom qab ntawd txuas nws mus rau lub rooj tsav khoom nrog me me 4-40 txiv ntoo thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj. mus rau pawg thawj coj saib.

Kauj Ruam 4: Tsim lub Qhov (Socket) rau Cov Zaub thiab Muab Nws Ceg

Vim tias cov zaub muaj 16 tus pin, 8 ib sab, nrog tus pin sib nrug uas yog qhov dav dua li tus qauv 16 tus pin IC qhov peb yuav tsum tau kho lub qhov (socket) kom haum cov zaub. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev siv ob kab hlau txiav kom txiav cov yas txuas ob sab ntawm lub qhov (socket), cais lawv thiab muab lawv cais rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nrog qhov sib txawv uas haum rau qhov sib nrug ntawm cov pins ntawm cov zaub. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig los ua qhov no kom koj tsis tas yuav siv lub tshuab ncaj qha mus rau cov koob pins thiab nthuav tawm cov zaub kom sov ntau dhau. Koj tuaj yeem pom lub qhov (socket) Kuv tau ua qhov no rau saum lub rooj tsavxwm hauv daim duab saum toj no.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov zaub kom sawv ntsug sab xis Kuv tau ntsia ob lub 1 ntsia liaj qhov rooj mus rau hauv qab ob lub kaum qhov ntawm lub rooj sib tham tsab ntawv raws li tau qhia hauv cov duab kom ua rau sawv ntsug yooj yim. Qhov no zoo nkauj heev, yog li yog koj ua qhov no, koj yuav xav muab qee yam hnyav rau sab nraub qaum kom ruaj ntseg nws.

Kauj Ruam 5: Txheeb xyuas Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Circuit Circuit thiab npaj rau Calibrate

Thaum lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub rooj sib txuas tau txuas tab sis ua ntej ntsaws rau hauv ICs lossis tso tawm lossis txhawb nqa nws, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los tshuaj xyuas lub rooj tsav xwm sib txuas nrog DVM. Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa DVMs feem ntau yog li lawv tau txais beep thaum muaj kev txuas ntxiv mus. Teem koj DVM hauv hom no thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws koj daim duab qhia chaw, txheeb xyuas ntau qhov kev sib txuas hauv Circuit li sai tau. Txheeb xyuas qhov qhib Circuit Court, lossis ze rau nws, nruab nrab ntawm +5V thiab Cov ntsiab lus hauv av. Pom qhov muag pom tias txhua yam khoom sib txuas nrog cov pins raug.

Tom ntej txuas koj lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau hauv Circuit Court thiab ua kom lub zog muaj zog. Txheeb xyuas tias koj muaj 5V DC ntawm 5V fais fab kev tsheb nqaj hlau nrog rau qhov dav lossis DVM ua ntej koj ntsaws rau hauv ib qho ICs lossis cov duab.

Tom ntej txuas rau XWB OP-Amp U5 IC hauv kev npaj rau qib tom ntej. Ntawm no peb yuav tshuaj xyuas tias peb qhov kev hla hla kev sib tw tsim hluav taws xob ib puag ncig thiab kho lub zog potentiometer RV1 kom huv 60 Hz teeb liab.

Kauj Ruam 6: Circuit Calibration

Tsuas yog ntsuas ntsuas kom ua tiav yog kho lub potentiometer RV1 rau qib raug ntawm lub teeb liab pub rau hla tus ntsuas. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no:

1. Muab qhov kev sojntsuam rau ntawm tus pin 1 ntawm U5 thiab xyuas kom txuas tau qhov kev sojntsuam dav hlau xaim mus rau hauv av. Tom ntej kho RV1 kom txog rau thaum koj muaj lub voj voos huv raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no. Yog tias koj kho RV1 nyob deb dhau ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov koj yuav tsis muaj ib puag ncig nthwv dej lossis ib lub voj voos tsis sib xws. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov xwm txheej yoj yoj zaus yog 60 Hz. Yog tias koj muaj lub ntsej muag niaj hnub no nws yuav zaum qhia koj ntau zaus. Yog tias koj muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los zoo li kuv ua tom qab ntawd kom ntseeg tau tias lub voj voos xwmfab yog kwv yees li 16.66ms lossis 1/60 secs.

2. Siv tus lej ntsuas lossis DVM hauv Hom Zaus ntsuas qhov zaus ntawm Pin 1 ntawm U5 thiab kho RV1 kom raug raws 60 Hz.

Thaum qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas no tiav, tshem tawm lub Circuit Court thiab ntsaws rau txhua qhov ntawm ICs thiab cov duab kom ua tiav kev tsim hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 7: Txoj Haujlwm Arduino

Txoj haujlwm tau hais tawm tag nrho kom koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm nws nyuaj rau piav qhia txhua kauj ruam, tab sis nyob rau theem siab heev qhov no yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:

Tus microprocessor tau txais cov khoom 60 Hz square wave thiab suav 60 cycles thiab nce cov vib nas this suav tom qab txhua 60 cycles. Thaum cov vib nas this suav txog 60 vib nas this, lossis 3600 mus, cov feeb suav tau nce ntxiv thiab suav cov vib nas this tau rov pib dua rau xoom. Thaum cov suav suav mus txog 60 feeb cov suav teev tau nce ntxiv thiab suav suav rov pib dua rau xoom. cov sijhawm suav tau rov pib dua rau 1 tom qab 13 teev, yog li qhov no yog 12 teev moos. Yog tias koj xav tau 24 teev ib teev tsuas yog hloov txoj haujlwm los rov ua haujlwm teev rau xoom tom qab 24 teev.

Nov yog qhov phiaj xwm sim, yog li kuv tau sim siv Do-While loop txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov pauv thaws ntawm Teeb thiab nce khawm. Nws ua haujlwm zoo. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem ib zaug, khawm nce ntxiv tuaj yeem siv los nqis tes los ntawm cov teev nyob rau ntawm cov zaub. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem dua, khawm ntxiv tuaj yeem siv los nqis tes los ntawm cov feeb uas pom ntawm lub vijtsam. Thaum Lub Teeb Teeb nyem rau zaum thib peb, lub sijhawm tau teeb tsa thiab lub moos pib khiav.

Cov qauv ntawm 0 thiab 1 uas tau siv los tso tawm txhua tus lej ntawm 7-ntu cov lus qhia tau khaws cia hauv kab lus hu ua Seven_Seg. Nyob ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no, cov qauv no tau pub rau 74HC595 IC thiab xa mus rau cov zaub. Qhov twg ntawm 4 tus lej ntawm cov zaub tau qhib nyob rau ib lub sijhawm twg los kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no yog tswj los ntawm microprocessor ntawm cov zaub Dig 1, 2, 3, 4 pins. Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib ua haujlwm, txoj haujlwm ua ntej pib ntsuas kev sim hu ua Test_Clock uas xa tus lej kom raug kom pom txhua lub teeb nrog suav los ntawm 0 txog 9. Yog li koj pom qhov no thaum koj txhawb zog koj paub tias koj tau ua txhua yam raug.

Kauj Ruam 8: Daim Ntawv Teev Npe

1 - Transformer 120VAC rau 12VAC kwv yees li 100ma lossis ntau dua 1 - Lub rooj tsav xwm kwv yees li 3.5 "x 3.5" 1 - 4 tus lej 7 ntu tso saib YSD -439K2B -35 lossis sib npaug (Sparkfun) 2 - PCB me me khawm khawm tsis muaj (ib qho) 4 - 2N3904 NPN transistors8 - 330 ohm resistors2 - 74LS04 Hex inverters1 - 74HC595 txuas mus rau qhov sib luag 8 ntsis hloov pauv 1 - LM358 OP -AMP (Comparator) 1 - ATMEGA328P Microcontroller (Creatron) 4 - 4.7K resistors7 - 10K resistors1 - 1N4007 lossis 1N4001 di -1 diodes1 - 120 ohm, 1/2W lossis 1W resistor1 - PCB mount 10K potentiometer1 - 470uF 25V capacitor1 - 7805 TO220 pob tswj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob 1 - 10uF 10V capacitor2 - 0.1 uF 10V capacitors1 - 16MHz siv lead ua (Sparkfun) 2 - 22pF capacitors1 - Poj niam lub zog txuas (Yeem kom haum rau txiv neej ntsaws yog tias muaj ntawm koj lub phab ntsa hloov pauv) 2 - 16 tus pin IC ntsawb 2 - 14 tus pin IC ntsawb 1 - 8 tus pin IC socket1 - 28 tus pin IC socket2 - 1 "ntev kwv yees #4 lossis #6 ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab sib dhos ceev2 - 1/ 4 "ntev #4-40 ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab sib dhos txiv ntoo1 - daim ntawm 1/2" dav tiaj tiaj aluminium sawb kev cai txiav thiab drilled rau me me

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