Retro Prototyping, Zoo rau Kev Qhia: 14 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Koj puas tau xav tsis thoob tias lo lus "Breadboard" los qhov twg los? Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm dab tsi breadboards tau hais txog. Nyob rau thaum ntxov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tau loj thiab tsis yooj yim. Lawv tsis muaj transistors lossis cov khoom siv sib txuas, tsuas yog lub tshuab nqus tsev. Yog li nws yog ib qho kev coj ua los tsim cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntoo uas siv cov ntsia hlau lossis cov ntsia hlau ua cov ntsiab lus sib txuas. Cov qhov nyob hauv lub raj tuaj yeem ntswj nrog qhov tsis sib xws, cov hloov pauv thiab cov khoom loj dua kuj tau muab ntsia rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Resistors, capacitors thiab coils tuaj yeem raug txuas rau cov ntsia hlau taub hau.

Cov txheej txheem no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob. Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov haujlwm kuv muaj rau cov menyuam uas xav kawm hluav taws xob. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim lub voj voog, ua raws cov txheej txheem. Thaum ua tiav lawm, lawv tuaj yeem nqa lub tsev mus tsev thiab khaws cia. Nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab sib dhos rau cov neeg siv tom ntej, zoo li yog rooj plaub uas tsis siv lub khob cij niaj hnub.

Lub Circuit Court ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim astable multivibrator. LEDs liab thiab ntsuab hloov pauv. Tus nqi flashing tau txiav txim siab los ntawm RC lub sijhawm tas li ntawm cov resistors thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yuav Tsum Tau

1. Ib daim ntoo uas mos li 3 txog 5 ntiv (lossis loj dua). Ntoo thuv ua haujlwm zoo.

2. Qee cov tshuaj tsuag nplaum.

3. Qee 3/4 tooj liab plated weatherstrip rau tes (muaj nyob hauv Tsev Depot).

4. Txog ib txhais taw ntawm 24ga tin plated buss wire. (lossis hle lub rwb thaiv tsev tawm ntawm 24ga cov xov hlau)

5. Ob tus resistors (R1 thiab R4), 470 Ohms, 1/4 watt.

6. Ob tus resistors (R2 thiab R3), 51, 000 Ohms, 1/4 watt. (saib cov ntawv)

7. Ob lub capacitors (C1 thiab C2), 10uF Aluminium Electrolytic. (saib cov ntawv)

8. Ob 5mm LEDs, ib qho liab thiab ib qho ntsuab yog qhov zoo.

9. Ob NPN Bipolars cov teeb liab me me transistors. 2N2222, 2N3904, lossis sib npaug.

10. Lub roj teeb 9 volt thiab lub roj teeb clip.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov cuab yeej xav tau

1. rauj me.

2. Soldering hlau thiab solder

3. Txiab.

4. Cov hlau txiav.

5. Koob qhov ntswg pliers.

6. Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Muag

Kauj ruam 3: Luam tawm Schematic

Rub tawm cov ntawv PDF thiab luam nws. Nco ntsoov xaiv "qhov loj me" thaum luam ntawv. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog li 3 ntiv tes dav thiab 2 ntiv tes siab.

Kauj Ruam 4: Mount Schematic rau Pawg Thawj Coj

Txiav tawm qhov schematic. Tsuag sab nraub qaum heev nrog tshuaj nplaum. Nias lub schematic ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ntxhib nyob hauv nruab nrab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Tsav hauv Nails

Txij tam sim no, nco ntsoov koj hnav tiv thaiv qhov muag!

Siv tus rauj me me, tsav cov ntsia hlau rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus qauv. Cov ntsiab lus no yog hu ua Circuit nodes. Muaj 14 nodes.

Cov ntsia hlau yuav tsum tau tsav hauv kwv yees li 1/4 ". Qhov no yuav tawm 1/2" saum lub rooj tsavxwm.

Nco tseg: Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo li no, nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los pib hauv nruab nrab ntawm pawg thawj coj thiab ua haujlwm sab nraud. Tib yam muaj tseeb rau kev siv tshuaj zas.

Kauj Ruam 6: Nruab Jumper Wires

Yog tias koj saib ze ze ntawm cov txheej txheem, koj yuav pom ntau lub hauv paus uas txuas nrog xaim. Cov tsheb npav hauv av nyob hauv qab ntawm Circuit Court, lub tsheb npav muaj zog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Circuit Court, thiab ob txoj kev sib txuas los ntawm cov capacitors mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm transistors.

Txhim kho txhua ntawm plaub txoj kab xev los qhwv cov xaim nyob ib puag ncig tus ntsia hlau ces qhwv ib ncig ntawm txhua tus ntsia hlau nws txuas rau. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm Circuit Court, ob tus neeg dhia yuav tsum hla ib leeg, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob kov. Nruab ib qho ntawm cov no ze rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Nruab qhov siab thib ob ntawm cov rau tes, tsuas yog hauv qab lub taub hau.

Kauj Ruam 7: Cov laug thiab luas cov Jumpers

Muab cov hlau txhuam rau sab ntawm tus ntsia hlau thiab txiav tawm cov xaim ntau dhau. Ua tib zoo saib, tsis txhob cia cov xov hlau ya mus thoob hauv chav.

Koj lub khob cij yuav tsum zoo ib yam li hauv daim duab.

Kauj Ruam 8: Sab Saum Txhua Tus Ntsia Nrog Blob Ntawm Tus Kheej

Siv ib rab yaj phom los txhuam rau sab saum toj ntawm txhua tus ntsia hlau. Yog tias cov hlau lead (tshaj tawm hais tias leeds) ntawm koj cov khoom siv huv si, qhov blob me me yog txhua yam uas koj yuav xav tau. Saib daim duab ze. Koj cov ntsia hlau zoo li no? Daim ntawv ceeb toom tus kab laug sab ntawm lub jumper xaim thiab blob rau saum tus ntsia hlau.

Kauj Ruam 9: Txhim Kho Koj Cov Tiv Thaiv

Muaj plaub tus neeg tiv thaiv rau qhov chaw nyob. Ntawm tsab ntawv no, peb tab tom siv txoj hauv kev "huv". Nov yog qhov chaw uas tau txiav plaub hau kom zoo. Lwm txoj hauv kev zoo li tsis pom zoo vim tias cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tau tso tseg ntev kom tso cai rov siv dua. Ntau ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab.

R1 thiab R4 yog 470 Ohms lossis Daj-Violet-Brown-Gold. Tso tus resistor hla tus ntsia hlau taub hau. Kuaj txhua qhov kawg los ntawm kev rov rov ntws cov kab laug sab. Txiav txhua cov hlau lead ze rau ntawm lub taub hau ntsia hlau.

R2 thiab R3 yog 51K (51, 000) Ohms lossis Green-Brown-Orange-Gold-Gold. Solder thiab luas.

Qhov tseeb tus nqi R2 thiab R3 tuaj yeem sib txawv yog tias koj xav siv tus nqi sib txawv sib txawv lossis hloov tus nqi flashing. Kuv ua cov txheej txheem, tom qab ntawd pom tias kuv tsis muaj 10uF capacitors ntawm tes. Yog li kuv siv qee qhov 22uF capacitors thiab siv 27K resistor hloov. Qhov no muab kwv yees kwv yees tus nqi zoo ib yam.

Kauj ruam 10: Nruab LEDs

Cov LEDs yuav tsum mus rau qee txoj hauv kev. Pom daim phiaj xwm qhia pom tus xub nrog lub ntsiab lus kov ib qho bar. Lub bar yog cathode, xub yog anode. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib ntawm LED koj yuav pom ib qho txhuas yog ntev dua (Anode) thiab muaj qhov me me nyob ntawm lub cev LED nyob ze ntawm cov hlau lead luv (Cathode).

Ua tib zoo khoov txhua tus coj ntawm LED 90 degrees zoo li hauv daim duab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv rab rab lub qhov ntswg los tuav cov hlau lead nyob ze ntawm lub cev ntawm LED, tom qab ntawd khoov cov hlau lead los ntawm qhov qhib kawg. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev khoov los ntawm kev tawg lub cev ntawm LED.

Solder txhua LED nrog lub tiaj tiaj mus rau lub transistor. Trim ob qho tib si.

Kauj Ruam 11: Txhim Kho Cov Capacitors

Cov no yog Aluminium Electrolytic capacitors. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb. Zoo li cov LEDs, qhov ua tau ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lub capacitor yog "zoo" sab. Koj yuav pom cov lus tsis sib thooj cim nrog "-", rho tawm cov cim.

Khoov cov coj hauv tib lub tsev zoo li LED coj. Cov laug nyob hauv qhov chaw nco lub cim "+" ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov coj ntev dua. Trim tom qab soldering.

Kauj Ruam 12: Cov Cheeb Tsam Kawg, Cov Transistors

Transistors muaj peb tus coj, Tus Sau, Base, thiab Emitter. Saib ze ze ntawm daim duab. Daim ntawv ceeb toom lub tiaj tiaj ntawm ob lub transistors nyob ntawm sab xis, txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus tau khoov mus rau qhov sib txawv. Ntawm Q1, cov hlau lead hauv nruab nrab yog khoov mus rau sab tiaj, ntawm Q2, nws tau khoov rau sab puag ncig.

Solder txhua transistor nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab txiav.

Kauj Ruam 13: Txuas Lub Hwj Huam Fais Fab thiab Pom Dab Tsi

Muab cov xaim liab (zoo) xaim los ntawm lub roj teeb txuas mus rau lub tsheb npav fais fab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Circuit Court. (sab saum toj ntawm R1)

Muab cov xaim dub (tsis zoo) xaim rau hauv tsheb npav hauv av, (hauv qab Q1)

Txuas lub roj teeb. LEDs qee qhov nyem rov qab los, saib cov vis dis aus ua piv txwv.

Koj tuaj yeem siv ob peb tus ntsia hlau los tuav lub roj teeb nyob hauv qhov chaw yog tias xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 14: Txoj Kev Tsis Zoo Li No

Nov yog lwm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov. Daim ntawv ceeb toom cov coj ntawm cov khoom tau raug tso tseg tag nrho. Nws tsis zoo nkauj, tab sis nws tso cai rau pawg thawj coj saib kom sib nrug thiab cov khoom siv rau lwm qhov haujlwm. Qhov teeb meem nrog qhov no yog tias nws yooj yim rau luv-Circuit coj ua ke.