Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tawm Tawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob: 6 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Hauv kaum kaum xyoo, txog 40 xyoo dhau los, Kuv tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ob kab tawm. Kuv tau txais daim duab qhia chaw los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hu ua 'Elektuur', niaj hnub no hu ua 'Elektor' hauv Netherlands. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob no siv ib lub zog ntsuas hluav taws xob rau kev hloov kho hluav taws xob thiab ib qho rau kev hloov kho tam sim no. Tom qab ntau xyoo cov potentiometers no tsis ua haujlwm ntxiv lawm uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tau txais qhov ruaj khov tso zis. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tau qhia hauv daim duab.

Hauv lub sijhawm txhais tau tias kuv khaws kev txhim kho software tsim ua ib feem ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm, siv PIC microcontroller thiab JAL programming lus. Txij li thaum kuv tseem xav siv kuv lub zog siv - yog koj tuaj yeem yuav qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov niaj hnub no - Kuv tau txais lub tswv yim los hloov lub zog qub qub los ntawm cov digital version thiab yog li PIC txoj haujlwm tshiab tau yug los.

Txog kev kho qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob Kuv tab tom siv PIC 16F1823 microcontroller uas siv 6 lub laub khawm raws li hauv qab no:

• Ib lub laub khawm txhawm rau hloov qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm los yog tawm yam tsis tas yuav hloov lub zog hluav taws xob rau lossis tawm kiag li
• Ib lub laub khawm txhawm rau ua kom qhov hluav taws xob tso zis thiab lwm lub pob nyem kom txo qhov tso zis hluav taws xob
• Peb lub laub khawm kom siv ua preset. Tom qab tau teeb tsa qee qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob qhov tseeb tuaj yeem khaws cia thiab khaws rov qab siv cov khawm thawb tam sim no

Lub zog hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm 2.4 Volt thiab 18 Volt nrog qhov siab tshaj tam sim no ntawm 2 Ampere.

Kauj Ruam 1: Thawj Qhov Tsim (kho dua 0)

Kuv tau ua qee qhov kev hloov kho rau daim duab qhia chaw qub ua kom nws haum rau kev tswj hwm nws nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital. Txij li thaum kuv tsis tau siv lub zog qub qub rau kev hloov kho tam sim no yav dhau los, Kuv tau tshem nws thiab hloov nws los ntawm tus tiv thaiv ruaj khov, txwv qhov siab tshaj tam sim no rau 2 Ampere.

Daim duab qhia chaw qhia pom lub zog siv hluav taws xob, tsim nyob ib puag ncig qub tab sis txhim khu kev qha LM723 tus tswj hluav taws xob. Kuv kuj tsim cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board rau nws. LM723 muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog qhov txwv tam sim no thiab qhov dav dav dav. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siv ntawm LM723 mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital uas lub wiper txuas nrog rau qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm LM723. Digital potentiometer muaj tus nqi ntawm 10 kOhm thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm 0 Ohm txog 10 kOhm hauv 100 cov kauj ruam siv 3 xaim txuas txuas.

Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob no muaj digital volt & ampere meter uas tau txais nws lub zog los ntawm 15 Volt qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob (IC1). Qhov 15 Volt no kuj tseem siv ua tswv yim rau 5 Volt tus tswj hluav taws xob (IC5) uas ua rau lub zog PIC thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob digital.

Transistor T1 yog siv los kaw LM723 uas coj qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm rau 0 Volt. Fais fab resistor R9 yog siv los ntsuas qhov tam sim no, ua rau qhov poob qis dua tus tiv thaiv thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Qhov kev poob qis no yog siv los ntawm LM723 los txwv qhov tso zis ntau tshaj tam sim no rau 2 Ampere.

Hauv qhov kev tsim qauv pib no Electrolytic Capacitor thiab Power Transistor (hom 2N3055) tsis nyob ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Hauv kuv tus qauv tsim los ntawm ntau xyoo dhau los Electrolytic Capacitor tau nyob ntawm ib lub rooj cais sib cais yog li kuv khaws qhov ntawd. Lub hwj chim transistor tau teeb tsa ntawm lub phaj txias sab nraum lub txee kom txias dua.

Cov nyees khawm thawb rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej ntawm lub txee. Txhua lub laub khawm tau rub-siab los ntawm 4k7 resistors ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov laub khawm txuas nrog hauv av uas ua rau lawv ua haujlwm qis.

Koj xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv qab no rau txoj haujlwm no (alsosee kho dua 2):

• 1 PIC microcontroller 16F1823
• 1 digital potentiometer ntawm 10k, hom X9C103
• Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob: 1 * LM723, 1 * 78L15, 1 * 78L05
• Choj rectifier: B80C3300/5000
• Transistors: 1 * 2N3055, 1 * BD137, 1 * BC547
• Diodes: 2 * 1N4004
• Electrolytic Capacitors: 1 * 4700 uF/40V, 1 * 4.7 uF/16V
• Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: 1 * 1 nF, 6 * 100 nF
• Resistors: 1 * 100 Ohm, 1 * 820 Ohm, 1 * 1k, 2 * 2k2, 8 * 4k7
• Lub zog tiv thaiv: 0.33 Ohm / 5 Watt

Kuv kuj tau tsim daim phiaj xwm luam tawm uas tau qhia hauv daim duab txuas thiab daim duab.

Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Tsim Kho (kho dua 2)

Tom qab tau xaj cov ntawv xov xwm hluav taws xob luam tawm Kuv tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntxiv qhov tshwj xeeb uas kuv hu ua 'kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob'. Txij li thaum kuv tseem muaj ntau qhov kev nco nco muaj nyob hauv PIC Kuv txiav txim siab siv PIC qhov ua-hauv Analog rau Digital Converter (ADC) los ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm - rau qhov laj thawj twg - nce lossis nqis qis, lub zog hluav taws xob raug kaw. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kev sib txuas hauv Circuit tiv thaiv dhau qhov hluav taws xob lossis yuav nres ib qho luv luv Circuit Court. Nov yog kho dua 1 uas yog txuas ntxiv rau kev kho dua 0, thawj qhov tsim.

Txawm hais tias kuv tau sim qhov kev tsim qauv siv lub khob cij (saib daim duab), Kuv tseem tsis txaus siab nrog nws. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo li cov digital potentiometer tsis yog ib txwm nyob ntawm tib txoj haujlwm, piv txwv li thaum rov ua tus nqi preset. Qhov txawv me me tab sis cuam tshuam. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem tus nqi ntawm lub hwj chim. Tom qab qee qhov kev xav kuv tsim kho 2 uas yog kev hloov kho me me ntawm kev kho dua 1. Hauv qhov kev tsim no, saib cov duab kab duab kho dua 2, Kuv tsis tau siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob digital tab sis kuv siv lub tshuab Digital rau Analog Converter (DAC) ntawm PIC los tswj qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm LM723. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tias PIC16F1823 tsuas yog muaj 5-ntsis DAC uas tsis txaus vim tias cov kauj ruam nce thiab nqis yuav loj heev. Vim li ntawd kuv hloov mus rau PIC16F1765 uas muaj 10-ntsis DAC ntawm lub nkoj. Cov ntawv no nrog DAC tau ntseeg tau. Kuv tseem tuaj yeem siv thawj lub rooj sib tham luam tawm txij li kuv tsuas yog xav tau tshem qee yam khoom, hloov 1 lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab ntxiv 2 xov hlau (1 xaim twb xav tau ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm kev kho dua 1). Kuv kuj tau hloov 15 Volt tus tswj hwm mus rau 18 Volt version txhawm rau txwv lub zog tawm mus. Saib daim duab qhia kev hloov kho 2.

Yog li yog tias koj xav mus rau qhov kev tsim no koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no piv rau kev kho dua 0:

• Hloov PIC16F1823 los ntawm PIC16F1765
• Yeem: Hloov 78L15 los ntawm 78L18
• Tshem tawm cov potentiometer hom X9C103
• Tshem cov resistors R1 thiab R15
• Hloov cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob C5 los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm 100 nF
• Ua kev sib txuas ntawm IC4 tus pin 13 (PIC) rau IC2 tus pin 5 (LM723)
• Ua kev sib txuas ntawm IC4 tus pin 3 (PIC) rau IC2 tus pin 4 (LM723)

Kuv kuj tau hloov kho lub rooj tsav xwm hluav taws xob luam tawm tab sis tsis tau xaj qhov no, saib cov duab.

Kauj Ruam 3: (Dis) Los Ua Ke

Hauv daim duab koj pom lub hwj chim ua ntej thiab tom qab hloov kho. Txhawm rau npog lub qhov uas tau ua los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog kuv tau ntxiv lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej ntawm lub txee. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom kuv tau ua lub zog siv hluav taws xob ob qho uas ob qho khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso lawv ua ntu zus hauv qhov xwm txheej kuv xav tau qhov hluav taws xob tso zis ntau dua 18 Volt.

Vim yog lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm nws tau yooj yim los dhos cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nco ntsoov tias qhov loj electrolytic capacitor thiab lub zog transistor tsis nyob ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board. Daim duab qhia pom tias rau kev kho dua tshiab 2 qee qhov tsis xav tau ntxiv thiab 2 lub xov tooj tau xav tau ib qho ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lwm qhov vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital los ntawm Digital rau Analog Converter ntawm PIC microcontroller.

Tau kawg koj xav tau tus hloov pauv uas muaj peev xwm muab tau 18 Volt AC, 2 Ampere. Hauv kuv qhov kev tsim qauv qub kuv siv lub nplhaib hloov pauv vim tias lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo dua (tab sis kuj kim dua).

Kauj Ruam 4: Cov Software rau Kev Kho 0

Lub software ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

• Tswj kev tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog xa tawm los ntawm digital potentiometer

• Kov cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub laub khawm, uas yog:

  • Hwj chim On/Off. Qhov no yog toggle muaj nuj nqi uas teeb tsa qhov hluav taws xob tso rau 0 Volt lossis mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov kawg
  • Voltage nce/Voltage nqes. Nrog txhua qhov thawb ntawm lub pob qhov hluav taws xob nce me ntsis lossis qis me ntsis. Thaum cov laub khawm nyob twj ywm nias rov ua haujlwm tau qhib
  • Preset khw/Preset retrieve. Txhua qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv EEPROM ntawm PIC los ntawm kev nias lub pob pib ua ntej tsawg kawg 2 vib nas this. Nias nws luv dua yuav rov los EEPROM tus nqi rau qhov ua ntej thiab teeb tsa qhov hluav taws xob kom haum

Thaum lub zog qhib, txhua tus pin ntawm PIC tau teeb tsa ua tswv yim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis tau teev tseg qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob cov zis nyob qis dua ntawm 0 Volt kom txog thaum PIC nce thiab khiav thiab cov potentiometer digital tau pib. Lub zog no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev rub tawm tus tiv thaiv R14 uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub transistor T1 kaw LM723 kom txog thaum nws tau tso tawm los ntawm PIC.

Tus so ntawm lub software yog ncaj nraim rau pem hauv ntej. Laub cov nyees khawm tau luam theej duab thiab yog tias qee yam xav tau hloov pauv, tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital tau hloov pauv siv peb lub xov tooj sib txuas sib txuas. Nco tseg tias lub zog siv hluav taws xob digital tseem muaj kev xaiv los khaws qhov chaw tab sis qhov no tsis siv vim tias txhua qhov chaw tau khaws cia hauv EEPROM ntawm PIC. Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lub hwj chim ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los nyeem tus nqi ntawm lub wiper rov qab. Yog li thaum twg los xij tus wiper yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua ntej rau tus nqi tshwj xeeb, thawj qhov uas tau ua tiav yog tso lub wiper rov qab mus rau qhov chaw xoom thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd rau xa tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam los tso lub wiper hauv qhov chaw raug.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov EEPROM tau sau nrog txhua qhov thawb ntawm lub pob, thiab yog li txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm EEPROM, EEPROM cov ntsiab lus tau sau 2 vib nas this tom qab lub laub khawm tsis tau qhib dua. Qhov no txhais tau tias tom qab hloov pauv zaum kawg ntawm cov nyees khawm, nco ntsoov tos tsawg kawg 2 vib nas this ua ntej hloov lub zog kom paub tseeb tias qhov chaw kawg tau khaws cia. Thaum hloov pauv, lub zog siv hluav taws xob yuav ib txwm pib nrog qhov kawg xaiv qhov hluav taws xob khaws cia hauv EEPROM.

Cov ntaub ntawv JAL thiab cov ntaub ntawv Intel Hex rau kev ua haujlwm PIC rau kev kho dua 0 tau txuas nrog.

Kauj Ruam 5: Software rau Kev Kho 2

Txog kev kho dua 2 qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv software yog cov hauv qab no:

• Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau ntxiv los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tom qab nws tau teeb tsa. Rau qhov no ADC hloov pauv ntawm PIC tau siv. Siv ADC, software siv cov qauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm thiab yog tias tom qab ob peb qhov piv txwv qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm yog kwv yees li 0.2 Volt siab dua lossis qis dua qhov teeb tsa Voltage, lub zog hluav taws xob raug kaw.
• Siv DAC ntawm PIC los tswj qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob es tsis txhob siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau ua rau software yooj yim dua vim tias tsis tas yuav tsim 3-xaim interface rau lub zog siv hluav taws xob.
• Hloov chaw khaws khoom hauv EEPROM los ntawm kev cia hauv High Endurance Flash. PIC16F1765 tsis muaj EEPROM ntawm lub nkoj tab sis siv ib feem ntawm qhov program Flash rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis hloov pauv.

Nco ntsoov tias Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Voltage tsis tau qhib ua ntej. Thaum fais fab tuag cov nyees khawm hauv qab no raug tshuaj xyuas kom raug thawb:

• Fais fab rau/tawm khawm laub. Yog tias nias ob qho kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau kaw.
• Nias laub khawm. Yog nias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis tau qhib.
• Laub khawm nce. Yog tias nias qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab tau qhib.

Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob no tau khaws cia rau hauv High Endurance Flash thiab tau rov nco qab thaum lub hwj chim tau qhib dua.

Cov ntaub ntawv JAL thiab cov ntaub ntawv Intel Hex rau kev ua haujlwm PIC rau kev kho dua 2 kuj tseem txuas nrog.

Kauj Ruam 6: Qhov Kawg

Hauv cov vis dis aus koj pom kev hloov kho lub hwj chim 2 hauv kev nqis tes ua, nws qhia txog lub zog rau/tawm lub zog, qhov hluav taws xob nce/qhov hluav taws xob qis thiab kev siv ntawm presets. Txog qhov ua piv txwv no kuv kuj txuas tus tiv thaiv rau lub hwj chim raws li qhia tias tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws thiab qhov siab tshaj tam sim no txwv rau 2 Ampere.

Yog tias koj xav siv PIC microcontroller nrog JAL - Pascal zoo li cov lus programming - mus ntsib JAL lub vev xaib.

Muaj kev lom zem ua Cov Lus Qhia thiab tos ntsoov rau koj cov kev xav thiab txiaj ntsig.