Simulating KiCad Circuit: 7 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Kev kos duab thiab tsim cov kab hluav taws xob yog txheej txheem qub, zoo li qub raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thawj zaug. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim ces. Muaj qhov tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab yog li ntawd muaj tsawg tus lej ntawm kev teeb tsa, hauv lwm lo lus: kev sib txuas tau yooj yim dua. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog hu xov tooj, muaj ntau ntau-A LOT- ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, thiab txhua qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj ntau dua kaum tawm tus qauv thiab txhua tus qauv yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab. Tsis tas yuav hais, txhua tus qauv thiab txhua lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj lawv cov kev tsis ncaj ncees, ua yuam kev nrog kev zam txawv, qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua haujlwm me me thiab tau kawg yuav hloov me ntsis li cas hauv Circuit Court teb thiab ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom nws tag nrho tawm, kev siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no nyuaj heev; suav nrog ntau txog kaum ntawm cov khoom uas cuam tshuam ua ke los ua cov haujlwm sib txawv raws li kev nkag siab.

Raws li koj tau kwv yees raug, nws yuav npau suav phem los sim txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob no los ntawm kev suav lossis los ntawm txhais tes. Ib qho ntxiv, qee qhov kev zam thiab qhov sib txawv yuav ploj lossis hloov pauv vim tias lawv yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog qhov simulation los rau hauv. Siv lub zog ntawm thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no thiab nrog kev nrawm nrawm, kev tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob uas yuav tau ua pab pawg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau teev yog tam sim no yooj yim raws li teeb tsa

Khoom siv

-Kicad version 5.0 lossis tom qab

-Internet kev txuas mus rub cov tsev qiv ntawv

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Khaub Ncaws Zoo Li Cas?

Cia peb ua ntej qhov no los ntawm kev hais tias KiCad tsis ua haujlwm simulation. KiCad tsuas yog UI (Tus neeg siv-cuam tshuam). Qhov sib piv sib piv yuav yog KiCad tsuas yog tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm koj thiab qhov kev sim sim, uas tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam software hu ua "SPICE".

SPICE luv rau "Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis". Hauv KiCad qhov xwm txheej, KiCad 5.0 thiab tom qab ntawd tau ntim ua ntej nrog SPICE program hu ua ngspice. Ngspice muaj nws qhov txawv, hiccups thiab cov kev txwv tab sis yuav yog cov software peb yuav tsom mus rau. Ngspice siv "Cheeb Tsam" los ua qauv coj tus cwj pwm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib sab ntawm kev kos cov kab hluav taws xob peb tseem yuav tsum sau cov lus piav qhia thiab "ua haujlwm" cov qauv rau cov khoom ib leeg. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm ntau tus qauv ntawm cov khoom sib xws, ngspice txiav txim siab tso cai rau txhua lub tuam txhab ua "cov qauv txuj lom" uas rov ua dua cov khoom thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tiag tiag, thiab tom qab ntawv ntim cov qauv no raws li rub tawm hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv, yog li kos duab Circuit yuav yooj yim li rub tawm cov tsev qiv ntawv xav tau thiab muab tus qauv rau peb cov khoom. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog txhua yam tham, cia peb txhais tes qias neeg thiab saib seb qhov no ua haujlwm li cas tiag.

Kauj Ruam 2: Xaiv Circuit Court thiab Modeling Passive Components

Peb xaiv qhov yooj yim Circuit Court uas tso cai rau peb los qhia seb peb tuaj yeem muab peb tus kheej SPICE qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv thiab yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv uas cov muag khoom tau teev tseg

Ua ntej tshaj, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab; muaj 8 yam khoom rau hauv Circuit no • 2 resistor

• 19 roj teeb

• 1 LDR

• 1 BC 547 npn transistor

• 1 LED

• 1 rheostat •

1 ib zem

Ua Qauv Tiv Thaiv ntawm txhua hom Ngspice "ua qauv" rau kev tawm tsam, ua lwm yam lus: nws lees paub lawv. Yog li peb tsis tas yuav hloov kho lawv, lossis tinker nrog cov tsev qiv ntawv los ua lawv. Peb kuj pom tias muaj rheostat thiab LDR. Hauv ngspice, lawv ob leeg tuaj yeem ua qauv ua qhov tsis sib xws uas peb yuav hloov kho lawv qhov txiaj ntsig raws li peb xav tau. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias peb xav tau "nce lub teeb" lossis nce rheostat lub nra, peb yuav tsum tso tseg qhov kev sim, hloov kho lub nra, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua.

Kauj Ruam 3: Ua Qauv Qhov Hluav Taws Xob & Cov Chaw

Ngspice tsis lees paub "tus qauv" cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; cov uas siv los ntawm KiCad. Nws muab lub tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thaj chaw

Txhawm rau nkag mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv, ua ntej, peb yuav tsum xaiv "Xaiv cim" tab, thiab tshawb rau "txuj lom"

*Raws li pom hauv (daim duab 1), peb muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv "pspice" thiab "simulation_spice" ib qho. Txog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, peb xav kom nqes mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv simulation_spice thiab xaiv qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob

Tom qab ntawd, peb yuav tsum teeb tsa nws qhov txiaj ntsig rau kev sim siab kom nkag siab, hauv ntu no peb xav tau 9v dc qhov chaw. Peb nyem "E" ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv qhia hauv qab no qhib, pom hauv (daim duab 2). Peb xaiv lub npe siv rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, VoltageMain piv txwv, thiab tom qab ntawd peb nyem "Kho Cov Qauv Txuj Ci." Raws li qhia saum toj no

Tom qab ntawd peb xaiv tus nqi ntawm dc 9v, thiab qhov ntawd yog hais txog nws. Raws li qhia hauv (daim duab 3)

Cov Av

Rau hauv av, peb tshawb nrhiav "txuj lom" dua thiab thawj qhov tshwm sim yog 0V qhov peev xwm siv raws li qhia hauv. (Daim duab 4). Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, txuj lom software xav tau hauv av raws li nws suav nws cov hluav taws xob raws li 0v siv.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua Tus Qauv Transistor

Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob, transistor siv yog tus qauv tshwj xeeb, "BC547". Raws li qhov xwm txheej dav dav, yuav luag txhua qhov khoom tsim khoom yuav pom ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom lub vev xaib. Hauv qab lawv cov cuab yeej lossis txhawb nqa tab, yuav muaj "cov qauv simulation" suav nrog tus lej tus lej thiab cov qauv txuj lom txheeb ze. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej kuv tshawb rau "bc547" online thiab pom tias nws tau tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab hu ua "On semiconductors". Kuv tshawb rau lawv lub vev xaib "https://www.onsemi.com/" thiab pom tus qauv los ua raws li hauv qab no:

• Kuv qhib lawv "Cov cuab yeej thiab txhawb nqa" tab, hauv qab kuv, pom cov peev txheej tsim khoom tab. (daim duab 1)
• Hauv qab cov peev txheej tsim khoom lawv nug txog hom ntawv, Kuv xaiv "Qauv Qauv" (daim duab 2)
• Kuv tshawb rau ib feem los ntawm lub npe: “BC547”. Peb xav tau lub tsev qiv ntawv, yog li peb xaiv "BC547 Lib Model" thiab rub tawm nws. (daim duab 3)
• Tom qab rub tawm nws, Kuv muab cov ntawv lib hauv kuv phau ntawv teev npe. Tam sim no kuv cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm tau qhia hauv thawj lub qhov rais KiCad kuv qhib, zoo li pom hauv (daim duab 4). Kuv tau nyem kuv txoj hauv kev rau cov npe ntawd, muab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv tsev raws li pom thiab rov qab pom nws pom nrog kuv cov phiaj xwm cov ntaub ntawv
• Tom qab txhua yam uas tau hais thiab ua tiav, cia peb kos lub cim transistor. Kuv tau nyem siv cov ntawv "cim cim", thiab tsuas yog tshawb nrhiav lub npe. Koj pom tias yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov cim qhia zaub mov zoo li hauv (daim duab 5).
• Tam sim no, dab tsi tseem tshuav yog muab tus qauv rau lub cim. Peb nyem "E" ib txwm nyob ntawm lub cim, thiab nyem rau ntawm "Kho qauv txuj lom".

• Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, cov tab tsuas muaj nyob hauv yog qauv, passive, thiab qhov chaw. Txij li cov transistors tsis yog qhov chaw lossis tsis siv, peb xaiv tus qauv thiab xaiv ntsaws rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv los sau. Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ua ntej qhib rau txoj haujlwm cov npe, uas peb muaj hmoo tau muab lub tsev qiv ntawv tso rau hauv. Peb nyem rau ntawm cov ntawv lib.

  • Zoo kawg !! Tam sim no ngspice tau txheeb xyuas lub transistor li "BC547" thiab yuav luag npaj txhij ua haujlwm. Muaj ib qho kev qhia me me kom raug txheeb ua ntej. Peb yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib hloov ua ntu zus thiab ntaus “321”. Qhov laj thawj peb yuav tsum ua cov kauj ruam no yog tias ngspice lub npe 3 transistor lub davhlau ya nyob twg yam tsis zoo li KiCad qhia lawv li cas. Yog li, nws yuav muaj 3 qhov muab rau tus neeg khaws khoom thaum KiCad qhia 3 ua tus tso tawm. Txhawm rau zam kev tsis meej pem, peb rov tsim kho Spice lub npe xaj xaj, raws li qhia hauv (daim duab 7)
  • Anddddd ntawd yog nws! Cov txheej txheem no yuav luag zoo ib yam rau txhua tus qauv khoom siv. Thaum koj qhwv koj lub taub hau ib ncig ntawm tshooj lus qhia no, koj tuaj yeem siv txhua hom qauv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv nrog tsuas yog tshawb fawb me ntsis.

Kauj Ruam 5: Ua qauv LEDs

LEDs yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis hauv qhov tseeb tias ua qauv rau lawv yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev paub txog lawv cov kev ntsuas thiab nkhaus-haum. Yog li, los ua qauv rau lawv kuv tsuas yog saib "LED ngspice". Kuv pom ntau tus neeg tshaj tawm lawv "LED qauv" thiab kuv txiav txim siab mus nrog qhov no " *Hom RED GaAs LED: Vf = 1.7V Vr = 4V Yog = 40mA trr = 3uS. MODEL LED1 D (IS = 93.2P RS = 42M N = 3.73 BV = 4 IBV = 10U + CJO = 2.97P VJ =.75 M =.333 TT = 4.32U)?"

Peb yuav xaiv "LED" los ntawm cov cim qhia zaub mov thiab muab cov lej no tso rau hauv qhov chaw khoob hauv qab cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv "Kho cov txuj lom qauv". Peb kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv ntawm cov lej sib txawv thiab sau "21", raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1

Tom qab ntxiv qee qhov kev kov zaum kawg, zoo li cov neeg tawm tsam thiab txuas cov xov hlau, peb tau npaj los pib simulating

Kauj Ruam 6: Simulating

Simulating yog qhov nyuaj yog li hauv qhov kev qhia no peb yuav piav qhia qhov pib thiab koj yuav pib li cas

• Ua ntej, peb qhib lub simulator los ntawm cov cuab yeej tab nyob rau sab saud (daim duab 1)
• Tom qab ntawd peb mus rau qhov simulation tab hauv kab ntawv sab saud thiab nyem qhov chaw, los ntawm qhov ntawd peb tuaj yeem hais qhia seb yam kev sim siab twg peb xav khiav, thiab nws qhov ntsuas. (daim duab 2)

Peb xav ua kom muaj kev sim sim ntev. Kuj tseem muaj DC thiab AC cheb muaj raws li kev xaiv simulation. Dc cheb nce tus nqi ntawm Dc tam sim no thiab tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub voj voog thaum AC saib xyuas cov lus teb zaus.

• Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus simulates lub Circuit Court hauv lub sijhawm tiag. Nws muaj 3 qhov ntsuas, ntawm qhov uas peb yuav siv ob. Lub sijhawm sijhawm yog pes tsawg zaus yuav ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv sim, thiab lub sijhawm kawg yog tom qab pes tsawg vib nas this yuav kaw qhov kaw cia. Peb tawm tswv yim 1 millisecond thiab 5 milliseconds thiab tom qab ntawv zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd peb ua qhov simulation (daim duab 3)
• Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv kab ntawv qis dua nws pom peb qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov txiaj ntsig tam sim no hla ntau yam khoom. Peb kuj tseem tuaj yeem teeb cov txiaj ntsig no los ntawm kev siv "ntxiv cov cim" khawm thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no ntawm qee yam khoom siv. Peb tseem tuaj yeem sojntsuam tom qab peb pib simulation. Kev sojntsuam tso cai rau peb saib xyuas qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov nkhaus tam sim no hauv qee yam kev tivthaiv ncaj qha los ntawm txhaj rau nws. (daim duab 4)

Kauj Ruam 7: Ua kom tiav

Txij li qhov kev siv hluav taws xob no tau tsim los ua nrog LDR thiab tus tiv thaiv, peb tuaj yeem hloov pauv ob qho ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv no thiab tom qab ntawd rov qhib lub Circuit Court txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev tiv thaiv peb xav tau rau lub teeb-tswj LED siv ib qho-emitter npn transistor raws li kev hloov hluav taws xob.