Rov Qab Rov Qab PC Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: 12 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Txij li xyoo 1990, lub ntiaj teb tau raug ntxeem los ntawm PCs. Qhov xwm txheej tseem niaj hnub no. Cov khoos phis tawj qub, txog xyoo 2014 … 2015, feem ntau tsis siv.

Raws li txhua lub khoos phis tawj muaj lub zog siv, muaj ntau tus lawv tso tseg hauv daim ntawv pov tseg.

Lawv tus lej loj heev uas lawv nce teeb meem ib puag ncig.

Lawv txoj kev rov zoo los pab txuag ib puag ncig.

Yog tias peb ntxiv qhov no qhov tseeb tias peb tuaj yeem siv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas ua rau lawv, ua ntau yam, nws nkag siab tias vim li cas nws thiaj tsim nyog ua qhov no.

Hauv daim duab tseem ceeb koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab uas kuv tau hais txog hauv qhov no.

Feem ntau, muaj 2 txoj hauv kev ua raws:

1. Siv cov khoom siv fais fab xws li (tom qab kho tau).

2. Kev tshem tawm thiab siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv rau ntau lub hom phiaj.

Raws li kis 1 tau nthuav dav nthuav tawm lwm qhov, Kuv yuav tsom mus rau nqe 2.

Kuv yuav nthuav qhia hauv thawj ntu no dab tsi tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab qhov twg kuv tuaj yeem siv tau, tom qab ntawd hauv yav tom ntej Cov lus qhia ua vaj tsev tau nthuav tawm, nrog qhov kuv tau zoo lawm.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Kev Kawm Me Me: Thaiv Duab Duab

Nws zoo li coj txawv txawv los pib nrog kev tshawb xav me ntsis ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov tsim nyog rov qab los ntawm lub hwj chim zoo li cas thiab qhov twg tuaj yeem siv tau.

Yog li peb yuav tsum paub dab tsi yog sab hauv thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas.

Kuv tsis tuaj yeem hais tias txhua qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub sijhawm hais los no muaj daim duab thaiv, tab sis feem coob tau ua.

Ib qho ntxiv, muaj ntau yam txheej txheem pib los ntawm qhov no, txhua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis hais lus dav dav, qhov no yog li cas:

1. Network lim, rectifier choj thiab rectified voltage lim capacitors

Lub zog siv hluav taws xob siv rau J txuas. Ua raws li lub fuse (lossis ob) uas hlawv thaum lub zog tsis ua haujlwm.

Cov khoom siv cim nrog NTC muaj tus nqi siab dua thaum pib ntawm lub zog siv, tom qab ntawd txo qis nrog qhov kub nce ntxiv, yog li, diodes hauv tus choj tau tiv thaiv thaum pib ntawm lub hwj chim, los ntawm kev txwv cov dej ntws hauv Circuit Court.

Tom ntej no yog lub network lim, uas muaj lub luag haujlwm txwv kev cuam tshuam uas tau qhia los ntawm lub zog siv hluav taws xob hauv lub network.

Tom qab ntawd muaj tus choj tsim los ntawm diodes D1 … D4 thiab ntxiv rau qee qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov K.

Rau K ntawm 230V / 50Hz txoj haujlwm, D1 … D4 ua tus choj Graetz. Rau K ntawm 115V / 60Hz txoj haujlwm, D1 thiab D2 ua ke nrog C1 thiab C2 tsim hluav taws xob doubler, D3 thiab D4 raug kaw tas mus li.

Hauv ob qho tib si, ntawm C1 series nrog C2 sib dhos peb muaj 320V DC (160V DC ntawm txhua lub capacitor).

2. Tsav tsheb thiab lub zog hloov pauv theem

Nws yog Ib Nrab Choj Theem, qhov hloov pauv transistors yog Q1 thiab Q2.

Lwm qhov ntawm ib nrab-tus choj muaj C1 thiab C2.

Thawj kauj ntawm theTR1 chopper transformer txuas nrog kab pheeb ces kaum mus rau ib nrab-choj no.

TR2 yog tus tsav tsheb hloov pauv. Nws tau tswj hwm los ntawm Q3, Q4, tsav tsheb transistors. Hauv theem ob, TR2 hais kom ua antiphase Q1, Q2.

3. Standby mov thiab PWM theem

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ntawm cov tswv yim nrog lub zog network thiab muab tawm ntawm cov zis Usby (feem ntau yog + 5V).

Qhov no yog nws tus kheej hloov pauv lub zog tsim ua ib puag ncig lub tshuab hloov pauv sau tseg TRUsby.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los pib lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd feem ntau yog siv los ntawm lwm qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub zog siv.

PWM tswj IC yog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tiv thaiv-theem tswj ntawm transistors Q3, Q4, ua PWM tswj ntawm lub hauv paus, ruaj khov ntawm cov hluav taws xob tso tawm, tiv thaiv tiv thaiv luv-Circuit hauv load, thiab lwm yam.

4. Final rectifier theem

Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas, ib qho rau txhua qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm.

D5, D6 diodes tau nrawm, tam sim no siab Schottky diodes feem ntau siv ntawm + 5V ceg.

Inductors L thiab C3 lim cov zis hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 2: Thawj qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Lub Hwj Huam

Thawj kauj ruam yog tshem tawm lub hwj huam npog. Lub koom haum dav dav yog qhov pom hauv daim duab 1.

Lub rooj tsavxwm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab 2, 3.

Hauv cov duab 3… 9 koj tuaj yeem pom lwm cov laug cam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Hauv txhua daim duab no tau hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas yuav rov qab tau, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam kev sib koom ua ke. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov cim yog cov nyob hauv daim duab thaiv.

Kauj ruam 3: Capacitors Rov Qab

Nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov capacitors hauv Network Lim, nws tau pom zoo kom rov zoo li cov peev txheej hauv qab no:

-C4 (saib daim duab 10) 1uF/250V, mem tes capacitors.

Nws yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas ua ke nrog thawj TR1 (chopper), uas muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txiav ib qho txuas txuas ntxiv uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ib nrab tus choj thiab uas yuav ua rau hlau nplaum hauv DC. TR1 tub ntxhais

Feem ntau C4 nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv rau lwm qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, muaj lub luag haujlwm zoo ib yam.

-C1, C2 (saib daim duab 11) 330uf/250V… 680uF/250V, tus nqi uas nyob ntawm lub zog muab los ntawm lub zog siv.

Feem ntau lawv nyob zoo. Nws tau tshuaj xyuas kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntau ntawm +/- 5% nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Kuv pom qee qhov xwm txheej txawm hais tias tus nqi tau cim (piv txwv li 470uF), qhov tseeb tus nqi qis dua. Yog tias ob qhov txiaj ntsig sib npaug (+/- 5%) nws zoo.

Cov khub tau khaws cia, raws li lawv tau rov zoo, zoo li hauv daim duab 11.

Kauj ruam 4: NTC Rov Qab

NTC yog lub hauv paus uas txwv qhov tam sim no los ntawm tus choj rectifier thaum pib.

Piv txwv li, NTC hom 5D-15 (duab 12) muaj 5ohm (chav sov) thaum pib. Tom qab lub sijhawm kaum ob ntawm vib nas this, vim nws cov cua sov, qhov ua haujlwm txo qis dua 0.5 ohm. Qhov no ua rau lub zog tso tawm ntawm cov khoom no qis dua, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hwj chim.

Tsis tas li, NTC qhov ntev me dua qhov zoo sib xws txwv kev tiv thaiv.

Feem ntau, NTC nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv ua haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv lwm cov khoom siv fais fab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Rov Rectifier Diodes thiab Rectifier Bridges

Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov rectifier yog ib qho nrog tus choj (saib daim duab 13).

Cov choj uas muaj 4 diodes tsis tshua siv.

Lawv feem ntau yog nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo thiab tau siv hauv cov haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom siv fais fab.

Kauj Ruam 6: Rov Qab Chopper Transformers thiab Diodes Ceev

Rau cov neeg txhawb siab ntawm kev tsim kho cov khoom siv hloov pauv hluav taws xob, kev rov qab los ntawm chopper transformers yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Yog li kuv yuav sau Cov Lus Qhia ntawm qhov cim qhia tseeb thiab rov qab los ntawm cov hloov pauv no.

Tam sim no kuv yuav txwv kuv tus kheej kom hais tias lawv txoj kev rov zoo yog ua tau zoo ua ke nrog lub rectifier diodes hauv qib ob thiab qhov ua tau nrog daim ntawv lo ntawm lub thawv fais fab (saib daim duab 14). Yog li peb yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus lej thib ob ntawm tus hloov pauv thiab hais txog lub zog uas nws tuaj yeem muab tau.

Lawv feem ntau yog nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo thiab tau siv hauv cov haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom siv fais fab.

Kauj Ruam 7: Network Lim Rov Qab

Thaum Lub Network Lim tau cog rau ntawm lub niam ntawv ntawm lub zog siv, lawv yuav rov qab los rau tom qab siv raws li hauv kev teeb tsa thawj zaug (saib daim duab 15).

Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas Network Lim tau txuas rau txiv neej ob peb ntawm lub npov.

Muaj ob qhov sib txawv: tsis muaj daim ntaub thaiv thiab nrog daim thaiv (saib daim duab 16).

Feem ntau lawv pom nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo, thiab tuaj yeem siv tib txoj haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob..

Kauj Ruam 8: Rov Qab Los Ntawm Kev Hloov Transistors

Cov siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv feem ntau ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog 2SC3306 thiab MJE13007. Lawv hloov pauv transistors sai ntawm 8-10A thiab 400V (Q1 thiab Q2). Saib daim duab 17.

Muaj thiab lwm yam transistors uas tau siv.

Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo, tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem siv tau nyob hauv tib txoj haujlwm hauv ib nrab-choj fais fab mov.

Kauj Ruam 9: Heatsinks Rov Qab

Feem ntau muaj 2 lub rhaub dej kub ntawm txhua lub zog siv.

-Heatsink1. Ntawm nws tau teeb tsa Q1, Q2 thiab ua tau 3-tus pin ruaj khov.

-Heatsink 2. Nyob rau nws tau teeb tsa ceev rectifiers rau cov zis hluav taws xob.

Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lwm lub hwj chim lossis lwm daim ntawv thov (suab piv txwv). Saib daim duab 18.

Kauj Ruam 10: Rov Qab Los Ntawm Lwm Cov Transformers thiab Coils

Muaj 3 pawg ntawm cov hloov pauv lossis cov inductors uas tsim nyog rov qab los (saib daim duab 19):

1. L coils uas tau siv nyob rau hauv cov phiaj xwm qub raws li cov lim coils ntawm cov pab cuam kho qhov muag.

Lawv yog cov kab hluav taws xob toroidal thiab cov tub ntxhais siv rau 2 lossis 3 lub chaw pabcuam ncaj qha nyob rau hauv cov phiaj xwm qub.

Lawv tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov haujlwm zoo sib xws, tab sis kuj tseem ua cov kauj hauv theem qis lossis nce qib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig siab yam tsis muaj qhov saturating core.

2. TR2 transformers uas tuaj yeem siv ua tus tsav tsheb hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib nrab.

3. TRUsby, kev hloov pauv tos, uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv tib txoj haujlwm, raws li kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw tos, rau lwm lub zog siv.

Kauj Ruam 11: Rov Qab Los Ntawm Lwm Cov Cheeb Tsam thiab Cov Khoom

Hauv daim duab 20 thiab 21 koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom sib cais thiab cov khoom siv tau piav qhia saum toj no.

Ib qho ntxiv, ntawm no yog ob lub ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig: lub thawv hlau uas lub zog tau teeb tsa thiab lub kiv cua uas txias nws cov khoom.

Txoj kev peb siv lub thawv hlau peb pom ntawm:

www.instructables.com/Power-Timer-With-Ard…

thiab

www.instructables.com/Home-Sound-System/

Cov kiv cua tau siv los ntawm 12V DC thiab tseem muaj ntau daim ntawv thov. Tab sis kuv pom muaj coob tus kiv cua hnav (suab nrov, kev co) lossis tseem nyam.

Tias yog vim li cas nws yog qhov zoo los tshuaj xyuas.

Lwm yam uas tuaj yeem kho tau yog cov xov hlau. Daim duab 22 qhia pom cov xov hlau tau rov zoo los ntawm ntau lub hwj chim. Lawv yoog raws, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv tau.

Duab 24 qhia lwm yam khoom uas tuaj yeem rov qab tau: PWM Tswj CI.

Feem ntau siv yog: TL494 (KIA494, KA7500, M5T494) lossis cov uas los ntawm SG 6103, SG6105 series. Peb cais los ntawm cov no yog ICs los ntawm LM393 series, LM339, cov sib piv uas tau siv rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Txhua yam ntawm ICs no feem ntau yog nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo, tab sis yuav tsum tau kuaj ua ntej siv.

Thaum kawg, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem rov qab tau cov tin uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv.

Lub desoldering ntawm lub Cheebtsam yog ua nrog tin nqus.

Los ntawm kev ntxuav nws, tau txais qee qhov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tin, uas tau sau thiab yaj hauv cov tshuaj yaj yeeb yaj kiab (duab 23).

Cov dej da dej no yog ua los ntawm Aluminium thiab yog hluav taws xob ua kom sov. Ib lub thawv rov qab los ntawm lub hwj huam muab siv los txhawb nqa.

Tau kawg, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau sau ntau cov tin, uas tau ua tiav dhau sijhawm thiab ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Tab sis nws yog ib qho haujlwm tsim nyog ua vim tias nws txuag ib puag ncig thiab kev nqis peev ntawm cov tin uas tau txais yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Kauj Ruam 12: Xaus Qhov Kawg:

Kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no yog ib qho uas pab txhawb kev txuag ib puag ncig, tab sis pab peb kom tau txais cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas ua ntau yam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv kuv yuav nthuav qhia yav tom ntej.

Qee qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsis raug muab rov qab, raug suav tias yog qub dhau los lossis txo qis. Nov yog rooj plaub rau lwm cov khoom siv uas tsis tau tshwm sim ntawm no thiab yuav raug tso rau ntawm niam ntawv. Cov no yuav rov ua dua los ntawm cov tuam txhab tso cai.

Thiab qhov ntawd yog nws!