Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: 20 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Pib nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim dua li qhov koj xav. Cov Lus Qhia no yuav cia siab demystify cov hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev txaus siab hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsoo hauv av. Nov yog qhov kev tshuaj xyuas nrawm rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab nws tsis yog kuv lub hom phiaj txhawm rau nkag siab tob tob txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm hluav taws xob engineering. Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, Wikipedia yog qhov chaw zoo los pib koj tshawb fawb.

Txog qhov kawg ntawm Cov Lus Qhia no, txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev txaus siab los kawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nyeem cov phiaj xwm thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txheem.

Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv thiab txhais tes-ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob, txheeb xyuas kuv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Kauj Ruam 1: Hluav taws xob

Muaj ob hom cim hluav taws xob, cov uas hloov pauv tam sim no (AC), thiab ncaj qha tam sim no (DC).

Nrog kev hloov pauv tam sim no, cov kev taw qhia hluav taws xob ntws thoob plaws hauv Circuit Court tas li thim rov qab. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog kev hloov pauv. Tus nqi ntawm kev thim rov qab yog ntsuas hauv Hertz, uas yog tus lej ntawm kev thim rov qab ib pliag. Yog li, thaum lawv hais tias Asmeskas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog 60 Hz, lawv txhais li cas yog tias nws tau thim rov qab 120 zaug ib pliag (ob zaug ib zaug).

Nrog Direct Tam Sim No, hluav taws xob ntws hauv ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av. Hauv qhov kev npaj no ib txwm muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab hauv av (0V) qhov hluav taws xob. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov no los ntawm kev nyeem lub roj teeb nrog lub multimeter. Rau cov lus qhia zoo txog yuav ua li cas, txheeb xyuas Ladyada's multimeter nplooj ntawv (koj yuav xav ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb).

Hais txog qhov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob feem ntau txhais tau tias muaj qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau pom tseeb hauv Volts thiab tam sim no tau ntsuas hauv Amps. Piv txwv li, lub roj teeb tshiab 9V yuav muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 9V thiab tam sim no nyob ib puag ncig 500mA (500 milliamps).

Hluav taws xob kuj tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li kev tiv thaiv thiab watts. Peb yuav tham me ntsis txog kev tiv thaiv nyob rau theem tom ntej, tab sis kuv yuav tsis mus hla Watts qhov tob. Raws li koj nkag siab tob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob koj yuav ntsib cov khoom siv nrog Watt kev ntaus nqi. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob tshaj qhov ntsuas Wattage ntawm ib feem, tab sis hmoov zoo uas Wattage ntawm koj lub zog DC tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim los ntawm kev sib kis qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no ntawm koj lub zog siv.

Yog tias koj xav tau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuas sib txawv no, lawv txhais li cas, thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas, txheeb xyuas cov vis dis aus no ntawm Ohm's Law.

Feem ntau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yooj yim siv hluav taws xob DC. Yog li ntawd, txhua qhov kev sib tham ntxiv ntawm hluav taws xob yuav nyob ib puag ncig DC hluav taws xob

(Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov txuas ntawm nplooj ntawv no yog cov koom nrog sib txuas. Qhov no tsis hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm yam khoom rau koj. Kuv rov nqis peev nyiaj dab tsi uas kuv tau txais los ua cov haujlwm tshiab. Yog tias koj xav tau cov lus qhia rau lwm tus neeg xa khoom, thov qhia rau kuv paub.)

Kauj ruam 2: Cov voj voog

Lub voj voog yog ib txoj hauv kev ua tiav thiab kaw los ntawm qhov uas cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ntws. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev kaw lub kaw lus yuav tso cai rau cov hluav taws xob khiav ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av. Kev qhib hluav taws xob yuav ua rau cov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av.

Txhua yam uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kaw kab ke no thiab tso cai rau hluav taws xob ntws nruab nrab ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av tau suav tias yog ib feem ntawm Circuit Court.

Kauj ruam 3: Kuj

Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tom ntej yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias hluav taws xob hauv Circuit yuav tsum tau siv.

Piv txwv li, hauv Circuit Court saum toj no, lub cev muaj zog uas hluav taws xob tau ntws los ntxiv rau qhov tsis kam mus rau qhov hluav taws xob ntws. Yog li, tag nrho cov hluav taws xob uas hla lub Circuit Court tau siv.

Hauv lwm lo lus, yuav tsum muaj qee yam xaim nruab nrab ntawm qhov zoo thiab hauv av uas ntxiv kev tiv thaiv rau cov hluav taws xob ntws thiab siv nws. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob zoo txuas ncaj qha rau hauv av thiab tsis xub dhau los ntawm qee yam uas ntxiv kev tiv thaiv, zoo li lub cev muaj zog, qhov no yuav ua rau luv Circuit Court. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov hluav taws xob zoo txuas ncaj qha rau hauv av.

Ib yam nkaus, yog tias hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm ib feem (lossis pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv) uas tsis ntxiv kev tiv thaiv txaus rau hauv Circuit Court, qhov luv yuav zoo ib yam tshwm sim (saib Ohm's Law video).

Cov luv luv yog qhov tsis zoo vim tias lawv yuav ua rau koj lub roj teeb thiab/lossis hluav taws xob kub dhau, tawg, ntes hluav taws, thiab/lossis tawg.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob luv los ntawm kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov hluav taws xob zoo tsis tau txuas ncaj qha rau hauv av

Uas tau hais tias, nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tias hluav taws xob ib txwm ua raws txoj hauv kev tsawg kawg tiv thaiv rau hauv av. Qhov no txhais tau li cas yog tias yog koj muab qhov hluav taws xob zoo xaiv kom dhau los ntawm lub cav mus rau hauv av, lossis ua raws cov hlau ncaj qha mus rau hauv av, nws yuav ua raws cov hlau vim tias cov hlau muab kev tiv thaiv tsawg tshaj plaws. Qhov no kuj txhais tau tias los ntawm kev siv xaim hla dhau qhov chaw tiv thaiv ncaj qha mus rau hauv av, koj tau tsim lub luv Circuit Court. Ib txwm nco ntsoov tias koj yeej tsis yuam kev txuas qhov hluav taws xob zoo rau hauv av thaum thaiv cov khoom sib txuas.

Tsis tas li nco ntsoov tias qhov hloov pauv tsis ntxiv ib qho kev tiv thaiv rau hauv Circuit Court thiab tsuas yog ntxiv qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av yuav ua rau luv Circuit Court.

Kauj ruam 4: Series Vs. Parallel

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev sib txawv uas koj tuaj yeem xaim khoom ua ke hu ua series thiab parallel.

Thaum txhua yam tau txuas hauv kab, txhua yam tau txuas ib qho dhau ib qho, xws li hluav taws xob yuav tsum dhau los ntawm ib yam, tom qab ntawd yam tom ntej, tom ntej no, thiab ntxiv rau.

Hauv thawj qhov piv txwv, lub cev muaj zog, hloov pauv thiab roj teeb yog txhua txoj hauv kev vim tias tsuas yog txoj hauv kev rau hluav taws xob ntws yog los ntawm ib qho, mus rau lwm qhov, thiab txuas ntxiv mus.

Thaum cov khoom sib txuas ua ke, lawv tau xaim ib sab, xws li hluav taws xob hla txhua tus ntawm lawv tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm ib qho taw tes mus rau lwm qhov ntsiab lus

Hauv qhov piv txwv tom ntej, cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau txuas ua ke vim tias hluav taws xob hla ob lub cav los ntawm ib qho taw tes mus rau lwm qhov taw qhia.

hauv qhov piv txwv zaum kawg cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau txuas ua ke, tab sis cov khub ntawm cov cav sib xws, hloov thiab roj teeb tau txuas nrog txhua qhov. Yog li, qhov tam sim no tau sib faib nruab nrab ntawm cov motors hauv kev sib txig sib txig sib luag, tab sis tseem yuav tsum dhau ua ntu los ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov txuas mus rau lwm qhov.

Yog tias qhov no tseem tsis nkag siab, tsis txhob txhawj. Thaum koj pib tsim koj tus kheej lub voj voog, txhua qhov no yuav pib ua kom pom tseeb.

Kauj Ruam 5: Cov Cheeb Tsam Yooj Yim

Txhawm rau tsim cov voj voog, koj yuav tsum tau paub txog ob peb yam hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov khoom no yuav zoo li yooj yim, tab sis yog qhob cij thiab butter ntawm cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob feem ntau. Yog li, los ntawm kev kawm txog ob peb ntu yooj yim no, koj yuav muaj peev xwm mus tau ntev.

Dais nrog kuv thaum kuv piav qhia ntxiv txog txhua yam ntawm cov no nyob rau theem tom ntej.

Kauj Ruam 6: Resistors

Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, cov neeg tawm tsam ntxiv kev tiv thaiv rau hauv Circuit Court thiab txo qis kev khiav hluav taws xob. Nws tau sawv cev hauv daim duab qhia chaw raws li lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi nrog tus nqi ib sab ntawm nws.

Cov cim sib txawv ntawm tus tiv thaiv sawv cev rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis kam. Cov txiaj ntsig no raug ntsuas hauv ohms.

Cov neeg tiv taus kuj tuaj nrog kev ntsuas sib txawv wattage. Rau feem ntau cov hluav taws xob qis DC, 1/4 watt resistors yuav tsum tsim nyog.

Koj nyeem qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis ntawm (feem ntau) cov qhab kub. Thawj ob xim sawv cev rau tus tiv thaiv tus nqi, tus thib peb sawv cev rau tus lej sib npaug, thiab plaub (cov qhab kub) sawv cev rau kev ua siab ntev lossis ua kom raug ntawm cov khoom siv. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tus nqi ntawm txhua xim los ntawm saib daim ntawv qhia tus nqi resistor xim.

Los yog … txhawm rau ua kom koj lub neej yooj yim dua, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim saib qhov txiaj ntsig siv lub tshuab xam zauv ua haujlwm hnyav.

Txawm li cas los xij … tus tiv thaiv nrog cov cim xim av, dub, txiv kab ntxwv, kub yuav txhais raws li hauv qab no:

1 (xim av) 0 (dub) x 1, 000 = 10, 000 nrog kam rau ua +/- 5%

Ib qho resistor ntau dua 1000 ohms feem ntau yog luv siv tsab ntawv K. Piv txwv li, 1, 000 yuav yog 1K; 3,900, yuav txhais rau 3.9K; thiab 470, 000 ohms yuav dhau los ua 470K.

Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ohms ntau dua ib lab tau sawv cev siv tsab ntawv M. Hauv qhov no, 1, 000, 000 ohms yuav dhau los ua 1M.

Kauj Ruam 7: Capacitors

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog ib feem uas khaws hluav taws xob thiab tom qab ntawd tso nws mus rau hauv Circuit Court thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog nws li lub tank tso dej uas tso dej tawm thaum muaj huab cua qhuav kom ntseeg tau tias muaj dej ntws tsis tu ncua.

Capacitors raug ntsuas hauv Farads. Cov txiaj ntsig uas koj ib txwm ntsib hauv feem ntau cov capacitors yog ntsuas hauv picofarad (pF), nanofarad (nF), thiab microfarad (uF). Cov no feem ntau siv sib pauv thiab nws pab kom muaj daim phiaj hloov pauv ntawm tes.

Qhov feem ntau ntsib ntau hom capacitors yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas zoo ib yam li M & Ms nrog ob lub xov hlau tawm ntawm lawv thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas zoo li zoo li cov raj me me nrog ob lub xov hlau tawm hauv qab (lossis qee zaum txhua qhov kawg).

Ceramic disc capacitors tsis yog polarized, lub ntsiab lus tias hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hla lawv txawm lawv yuav tso lawv li cas hauv Circuit Court. Lawv feem ntau yog cim nrog tus lej lej uas xav tau los txiav txim siab. Cov lus qhia rau nyeem cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Hom kab hluav taws xob no feem ntau sawv cev hauv cov phiaj xwm ua ob kab sib luag.

Electrolytic capacitors feem ntau yog polarized. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib txhais ceg yuav tsum txuas nrog rau hauv av sab hauv Circuit Court thiab lwm ceg yuav tsum txuas nrog lub zog. Yog tias nws txuas nrog rov qab, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm raug. Electrolytic capacitors muaj tus nqi sau rau lawv, feem ntau sawv cev hauv uF. Lawv kuj kos tus ceg uas txuas rau hauv av nrog lub cim rho tawm (-). Lub tshuab hluav taws xob no tau sawv cev hauv qhov txheej txheem ua ib sab ncaj thiab nkhaus kab. Txoj kab ncaj nruab nrab yog qhov kawg uas txuas rau lub zog thiab nkhaus txuas rau hauv av.

Kauj Ruam 8: Diodes

Diodes yog cov khoom uas muaj polarized. Lawv tsuas tso cai rau hluav taws xob hla dhau lawv hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv Circuit Court los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev khiav tsis raug.

Lwm qhov uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias nws xav tau lub zog kom dhau los ntawm diode thiab qhov no ua rau poob qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov no feem ntau poob ntawm 0.7V. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nco qab rau yav tom ntej thaum peb tham txog daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm diodes hu ua LEDs.

Lub nplhaib pom ntawm ib kawg ntawm diode qhia sab ntawm diode uas txuas rau hauv av. Qhov no yog cathode. Nws tom qab ntawd hais tias lwm sab txuas rau lub zog. Sab no yog anode.

Ib feem ntawm cov diode feem ntau tau sau rau ntawm nws, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau los ntawm kev saib nws cov ntaub ntawv.

Lawv tau sawv cev hauv schematic ua kab nrog daim duab peb sab taw qhia rau nws. Cov kab yog sab uas txuas nrog hauv av thiab hauv qab ntawm daim duab peb sab txuas rau lub zog.

Kauj Ruam 9: Transistors

Tus transistor siv hluav taws xob me me tam sim no ntawm nws tus pin tus lej thiab ua kom nws zoo li qhov tam sim no loj dua tuaj yeem hla ntawm nws cov neeg sau thiab cov pins. Tus nqi tam sim no uas hla ntawm ob tus pin no yog sib piv rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau siv ntawm tus pin tus lej.

Muaj ob hom yooj yim ntawm transistors, uas yog NPN thiab PNP. Cov transistors no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus sau thiab emitter. Rau kev nthuav dav heev rau transistors txheeb xyuas nplooj ntawv no.

NPN transistors tso cai rau hluav taws xob hla los ntawm tus pin sau rau tus pin emitter. Lawv tau sawv cev hauv cov txheej txheem nrog kab rau lub hauv paus, kab kab pheeb ces kaum txuas rau lub hauv paus, thiab kab pheeb ces kaum taw qhia kom deb ntawm lub hauv paus.

PNP transistors tso cai rau hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm tus pin emitter mus rau tus pin sau. Lawv tau sawv cev hauv cov txheej txheem nrog kab rau lub hauv paus, kab kab pheeb ces kaum txuas rau lub hauv paus, thiab kab pheeb ces kaum taw qhia rau ntawm lub hauv paus.

Cov transistors muaj lawv tus lej tus lej luam tawm ntawm lawv thiab koj tuaj yeem saib lawv cov ntawv teev npe hauv online kom kawm paub txog lawv tus lej pin thiab lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov sau tseg ntawm transistor qhov hluav taws xob thiab ntsuas tam sim no ib yam.

Kauj Ruam 10: Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke

Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yog tag nrho cov kev tshwj xeeb hauv Circuit Court uas tau ua haujlwm me me thiab haum rau ib qho me me nti nrog txhua ceg ntawm cov nti txuas mus rau lub ntsiab lus hauv Circuit Court. Cov kab hluav taws xob me me no feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv xws li transistors, resistors, thiab diodes.

Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem sab hauv rau lub 555 timer nti muaj ntau dua 40 yam hauv nws.

Zoo li transistors, koj tuaj yeem kawm txhua yam txog kev sib txuas ua ke los ntawm kev saib lawv cov ntawv teev npe. Ntawm cov ntawv koj yuav kawm paub ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus pin. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais qhia qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab ntsuas tam sim no ntawm ob qho tib si nti nws tus kheej thiab txhua tus pin tus kheej.

Cov kab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke muaj ntau yam duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Ua tus pib, koj yuav ua haujlwm nrog DIP chips. Cov no muaj cov pins rau ntawm qhov-mounting. Raws li koj tau nce qib siab dua, koj yuav txiav txim siab SMT chips uas yog cov nplaim hluav taws xob txuas rau ib sab ntawm lub rooj sib tham.

Cov thais puag ncig ntawm ib sab ntawm IC nti qhia sab saum toj ntawm lub nti. Tus pin mus rau sab laug sab saum toj ntawm lub nti tau txiav txim siab tus pin 1. Los ntawm tus pin 1, koj nyeem ua ntu zus los ntawm sab kom txog thaum koj mus txog hauv qab (piv txwv li tus pin 1, tus pin 2, tus pin 3..). Ib zaug hauv qab, koj txav mus rau sab nraud ntawm lub nti thiab tom qab ntawd pib nyeem cov lej kom txog thaum koj mus txog saum toj dua.

Nco ntsoov tias qee cov chips me me muaj qhov me me nyob ib sab ntawm tus pin 1 tsis txhob siv lub thais sab saum toj ntawm lub nti.

Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev uas txhua ICs tau koom nrog hauv daim duab kos, tab sis feem ntau lawv tau sawv cev ua cov thawv nrog cov lej hauv lawv (cov lej sawv cev tus lej tus lej).

Kauj Ruam 11: Potentiometers

Potentiometers yog qhov sib txawv resistors. Hauv cov lus Askiv yooj yim, lawv muaj qee yam ntawm cov pob qhov rooj lossis qhov swb uas koj tig lossis thawb kom hloov qhov tsis kam hauv Circuit Court. Yog tias koj tau siv lub pob qhov rooj ntawm lub tso suab lossis lub teeb zawv zawg dimmer, tom qab ntawd koj tau siv lub zog ntsuas.

Potentiometers raug ntsuas hauv ohms zoo li cov neeg tawm tsam, tab sis ntau dua li muaj cov kab xim, lawv muaj lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas sau ncaj qha rau lawv (piv txwv li "1M"). Lawv kuj tseem cim nrog "A" lossis "B," uas qhia txog hom kev teb lus nkhaus nws muaj.

Potentiometers cim nrog "B" muaj kab lus teb ncaj Qhov no txhais tau tias thaum koj tig lub pob qhov rooj, qhov tsis kam ua kom sib npaug (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, thiab lwm yam). Cov potentiometers cim nrog "A" muaj cov lus teb logarithmic nkhaus. Qhov no txhais tau tias thaum koj tig lub pob qhov rooj, cov lej nce logarithmically (1, 10, 100, 10, 000 thiab lwm yam)

Potentiometers muaj peb txhais ceg txhawm rau tsim qhov faib hluav taws xob, uas yog qhov pib ob tus tiv thaiv hauv koob. Thaum ob lub resistors tau muab tso ua ke, cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog qhov hluav taws xob uas yog tus nqi nyob qhov twg ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov av.

Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj ob lub 10K resistors nyob rau hauv ua ke ntawm lub zog (5V) thiab hauv av (0V), qhov chaw uas ob lub resistors ntsib yuav yog ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (2.5V) vim tias ob qho ntawm cov resistors muaj qhov zoo ib yam. Piv txwv tias qhov nruab nrab taw tes no yog lub hauv paus tus pin ntawm lub hwj chim, raws li koj tig lub pob qhov rooj, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm tus pin nruab nrab yuav nce ntxiv mus rau 5V lossis txo mus rau 0V (nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia uas koj tig nws). Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb liab hluav taws xob nyob hauv ib qho Circuit Court (yog li nws siv raws li lub pob qhov rooj).

Qhov no tau sawv cev hauv kab lus raws li tus tiv thaiv nrog tus xub taw mus rau nruab nrab ntawm nws.

Yog tias koj tsuas yog txuas ib qho ntawm tus pin sab nraud thiab tus pin nruab nrab rau hauv Circuit Court, koj tsuas yog hloov qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv Circuit Court thiab tsis yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm tus pin nruab nrab. Qhov no ib yam yog cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim hluav taws xob vim tias feem ntau koj tsuas yog xav hloov qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tsim kom muaj qhov faib hluav taws xob hloov pauv.

Qhov teeb tsa no feem ntau sawv cev hauv Circuit Court raws li tus tiv thaiv nrog tus xub tawm los ntawm ib sab thiab rov qab rov qab rau hauv taw tes rau nruab nrab.

Kauj Ruam 12: LEDs

LED sawv rau lub teeb emitting diode. Nws yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm diode uas teeb thaum hluav taws xob hla nws. Zoo li txhua lub diodes, LED yog polarized thiab hluav taws xob tsuas yog npaj kom dhau los ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia.

Feem ntau muaj ob qhov ntsuas qhia rau koj paub tias cov hluav taws xob yuav hla mus thiab LED. Thawj qhov taw qhia tias LED yuav muaj cov hmoov txhuas zoo nyob ntev (anode) thiab cov hmoov lead hauv av luv (cathode). Lwm qhov ntsuas yog lub tiaj tiaj nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm LED txhawm rau qhia qhov zoo (anode) txhuas. Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua lub LEDs muaj qhov cim qhia no (lossis qee zaum nws tsis raug).

Zoo li txhua lub diodes, LEDs tsim qhov hluav taws xob poob hauv Circuit Court, tab sis feem ntau tsis ntxiv kev tiv thaiv ntau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Circuit Court los ntawm kev luv luv, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov resistor hauv koob. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv koj xav tau rau kev siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab laij lej LED online no txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas xav tau rau ib leeg LED. Feem ntau nws yog kev coj ua zoo los siv tus tiv thaiv uas loj dua me ntsis hauv tus nqi dua li qhov rov qab los ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv.

Tej zaum koj yuav raug ntxias kom xaim LEDs hauv kab, tab sis nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov sib txuas ntawm LED yuav ua rau qhov poob hluav taws xob kom txog thaum kawg tsis muaj lub hwj chim txaus los ua kom lawv ci. Xws li, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom pom ntau lub LEDs los ntawm xaim lawv ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua lub LEDs muaj lub zog ntsuas tib yam ua ntej koj ua qhov no (cov xim sib txawv feem ntau raug ntsuas sib txawv).

LEDs yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem raws li lub cim diode nrog xob laim tawm los ntawm nws, los qhia tias nws yog qhov ci ntsa iab.

Kauj Ruam 13: Hloov

Kev hloov pauv yog ib qho cuab yeej siv tshuab uas tsim kev tawg hauv Circuit Court. Thaum koj qhib qhov hloov pauv, nws qhib lossis kaw qhov Circuit Court. Qhov no yog nyob ntawm seb hom kev hloov pauv nws yog dab tsi.

Feem ntau qhib (N. O.) hloov lub kaw lus thaum qhib.

Feem ntau kaw (NC) hloov lub Circuit Court thaum qhib.

Raws li cov hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua lawv tuaj yeem qhib ob qho kev sib txuas thiab kaw lwm qhov thaum qhib. Hom kev hloov no yog ib leeg-ncej ob chav pov pob hloov (SPDT).

Yog tias koj yuav tsum sib txuas ob lub SPDT hloov mus rau hauv ib qho kev hloov pauv, nws yuav raug hu ua ob-ncej ob tog pov tseg hloov (DPDT). Qhov no yuav ua txhaum ob txoj kab hluav taws xob sib cais thiab qhib ob lub voj voog, txhua lub sijhawm hloov pauv tau qhib.

Kauj Ruam 14: Roj teeb

Roj teeb yog ib lub taub ntim uas hloov cov tshuaj muaj zog los ua hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim dua qhov teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem hais tias nws "khaws lub zog."

Los ntawm kev tso roj teeb rau hauv kab koj tab tom ntxiv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm txhua lub roj teeb sib txuas, tab sis tam sim no nyob ib yam. Piv txwv li, AA-roj teeb yog 1.5V. Yog tias koj tso 3 hauv koob, nws yuav ntxiv txog 4.5V. Yog tias koj yuav tsum ntxiv plaub hauv koob, nws yuav dhau los ua 6V.

Los ntawm kev tso cov roj teeb rau hauv qhov sib npaug qhov hluav taws xob tseem zoo ib yam, tab sis tus nqi tam sim no muaj ob npaug. Qhov no ua tiav ntau tsawg dua li tso cov roj teeb rau hauv, thiab feem ntau tsuas yog tsim nyog thaum lub Circuit Court xav tau tam sim no ntau dua li ib zaug ntawm cov roj teeb tuaj yeem muab.

Nws tau pom zoo tias koj tau txais ntau ntawm cov neeg tuav roj teeb AA. Piv txwv li, Kuv yuav tau txais ntau yam uas tuav 1, 2, 3, 4, thiab 8 AA roj teeb.

Cov roj teeb tau sawv cev hauv ib kab lus los ntawm cov kab sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv. Kuj tseem muaj cov cim ntxiv rau lub zog, hauv av thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 15: Breadboards

Breadboards yog cov laug cam tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv hluav taws xob. Lawv tau npog nrog kab sib chaws ntawm qhov, uas tau muab faib ua hluav taws xob txuas mus tas li.

Hauv nruab nrab muaj ob kab ntawm kab uas yog ib sab-sab-sab. Qhov no yog tsim los tso cai rau koj kom tuaj yeem ntxig ib qho kev sib txuas ua ke rau hauv qhov chaw. Tom qab nws tau ntxig, txhua tus pin ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yuav muaj kab ntawm qhov txuas hluav taws xob txuas mus rau nws.

Txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub voj voog sai sai yam tsis tas yuav ua ib qho txuas lossis ntswj cov xov hlau ua ke. Cias txuas cov ntu uas tau txuas ua ke rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob txuas mus tas li.

Ntawm txhua ntug ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov, feem ntau khiav ob txoj kab tsheb npav txuas mus. Ib qho yog npaj ua lub tsheb npav fais fab thiab lwm qhov yog npaj ua lub tsheb npav hauv av. Los ntawm ntsaws lub zog thiab hauv av feem rau txhua qhov ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub khob cij.

Kauj Ruam 16: Hlau

Txhawm rau txuas cov khoom ua ke siv lub thawv ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv lossis cov xaim.

Cov xov hlau zoo vim tias lawv tso cai rau koj txuas cov khoom yam tsis tas yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Circuit. Qhov no tso cai rau koj hloov pauv mus rau qhov chaw koj tso qhov chaw vim tias koj tuaj yeem txuas lawv ua ke tom qab nrog xaim. Nws tseem tso cai rau koj txuas ib feem rau ntau lwm qhov.

Nws raug nquahu kom koj siv insulated 22awg (22 gauge) cov tub ntxhais hlau xaim rau cov laug cam. Koj siv tau los nrhiav nws ntawm Radioshack, tab sis hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv txoj hlua txuas txuas rau saum toj no. Cov hlau liab feem ntau qhia txog kev txuas hluav taws xob thiab cov xaim dub sawv cev rau kev sib txuas hauv av.

Txhawm rau siv xaim hauv koj lub Circuit Court, tsuas yog txiav ib daim rau qhov loj me, hle 1/4 rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm xaim thiab siv nws los txuas cov ntsiab lus ua ke ntawm lub khob cij.

Kauj Ruam 17: Koj Thawj Circuit

Daim Ntawv Teev Npe: 1K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 5mm liab LED SPST toggle hloov 9V roj teeb txuas

Yog tias koj saib cov txheej txheem koj yuav pom tias 1K resistor, LED, thiab hloov pauv tau txuas nrog txhua lub sijhawm nrog 9V roj teeb. Thaum koj tsim lub Circuit Court, koj yuav muaj peev xwm tig lub LED qhib thiab tawm nrog qhov hloov pauv.

Koj tuaj yeem saib cov xim xim rau 1K resistor siv lub tshuab xam zauv ua haujlwm hnyav. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov tias LED yuav tsum tau ntsaws rau hauv txoj kev yog (hint - ceg ntev mus rau qhov zoo ntawm lub Circuit Court).

Kuv yuav tsum tau muab cov hlua hlau txuas rau txhua ceg ntawm qhov hloov. Rau cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas, txheeb xyuas "Yuav Ua Li Cas" Cov Lus Qhia. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov mob ntau dhau rau koj ua, tsuas yog tso qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub Circuit Court.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv qhov hloov pauv, qhib thiab kaw nws kom pom tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum koj ua thiab ua txhaum txoj cai.

Kauj Ruam 18: Koj Qhov Circuit Thib Ob

Daim Ntawv Teev Npe: 2N3904 PNP transistor 2N3906 NPN transistor 47 ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 1K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 470K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 10uF electrolytic capacitor 0.01uF ceramic disc capacitor 5mm liab LED 3V AA roj teeb tuav

Yeem: 10K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 1M potentiometer

Cov txheej txheem tom ntej no yuav zoo li txaus ntshai, tab sis nws yog qhov ncaj ncaj-rau pem hauv ntej. Nws tau siv tag nrho cov ntu uas peb nyuam qhuav dhau mus kom tau ntsais muag LED.

Txhua lub hom phiaj dav dav NPN lossis PNP transistors yuav tsum ua rau hauv Circuit Court, tab sis koj puas xav ua raws hauv tsev, Kuv siv 293904 (NPN) thiab 2N3906 (PNP) transistors. Kuv kawm lawv tus lej txheej txheem los ntawm kev saib lawv cov ntawv teev npe. Ib qhov chaw zoo rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv sai yog Octopart.com. Tsuas yog tshawb rau tus lej ib feem thiab koj yuav tsum pom daim duab ntawm ntu thiab txuas rau daim ntawv teev npe.

Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov ntawv teev npe rau 2N3904 transistor, Kuv tuaj yeem pom sai tias tus pin 1 yog tus tso tawm, tus pin 2 yog lub hauv paus, thiab tus pin 3 yog tus sau.

Ib cag ntawm cov transistors, txhua tus tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab LED yuav tsum ncaj nraim rau pem hauv ntej kom txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho nyuaj me ntsis hauv cov txheej txheem. Daim ntawv ceeb toom ib nrab-koov ze lub transistor. Cov koog no qhia tias lub capacitor dhia hla txoj kab los ntawm lub roj teeb thiab txuas rau lub hauv paus ntawm PNP transistor hloov chaw.

Tsis tas li, thaum tsim lub Circuit Court, tsis txhob hnov qab nco ntsoov tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrolytic thiab LED tau sib cais thiab tsuas yog ua haujlwm hauv ib qho xwb.

Tom qab koj ua tiav kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab txuas lub zog, nws yuav tsum ntsais muag. Yog tias nws tsis ntsais muag, ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas txhua yam ntawm koj cov kev sib txuas thiab kev taw qhia ntawm txhua feem.

Ib qho ua kom yuam kev kom debug sai sai ntawm Circuit Court yog suav cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem piv rau cov khoom siv ntawm koj lub khob cij. Yog tias lawv tsis sib xws, koj tso qee yam tawm. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua tib yam suav qhov dag rau tus lej ntawm yam uas txuas rau ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv Circuit Court.

Thaum nws ua haujlwm, sim hloov tus nqi ntawm 470K resistor. Daim ntawv ceeb toom tias los ntawm kev nce tus nqi ntawm tus tiv thaiv no, LED ntsais ntsais qeeb thiab qhov ntawd los ntawm kev txo nws, cov LED ntsais sai dua.

Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias tus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tus nqi uas 10uF capacitor tau ntim thiab tso tawm. Qhov no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ntsais ntawm LED.

Hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nrog 1M potentiometer uas nyob hauv kab nrog 10K resistor. Hlau nws xws li ib sab ntawm tus tiv thaiv txuas rau tus pin sab nraud ntawm lub hwj chim thiab lwm sab txuas rau lub hauv paus ntawm PNP transistor. Lub hauv paus tus pin ntawm lub hwj chim yuav tsum txuas rau hauv av. Tus nqi ntsais muag tam sim no hloov pauv thaum koj tig lub pob qhov rooj thiab cheb los ntawm qhov tsis kam.

Kauj Ruam 19: Koj Qhov Circuit Court Peb

Daim Ntawv Teev Npe: 555 Timer IC 1K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 10K ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 1M ohm - 1/4 Watt resistor 10uF electrolytic capacitor 0.01uF ceramic disc capacitor Hais lus me 9V roj teeb txuas

Qhov kev sib tw zaum kawg no yog siv lub 555 timer nti los ua suab nrov siv tus hais lus.

Dab tsi tshwm sim yog qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas ntawm 555 nti ua rau tus pin 3 kom oscillate nrawm ntawm siab thiab qis. Yog tias koj yuav tsum teeb cov oscillations no, nws yuav zoo li lub xwmfab plaub fab (nthwv dej hloov pauv ntawm ob qib zog). Cov nthwv dej no tau nrawm nrawm tus neeg hais lus, uas ua rau huab cua txav mus los ntawm qhov ntau zaus uas peb tau hnov qhov no yog lub suab tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov zaus ntawd.

Nco ntsoov tias 555 nti tau hla nruab nrab ntawm lub khob cij, xws li tsis muaj tus pin twg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog. Ib cag los ntawm qhov ntawd, tsuas yog ua cov kev sib txuas raws li tau hais tseg hauv daim duab qhia duab.

Tsis tas li nco ntsoov lub cim "NC" ntawm daim duab. Qhov no sawv rau "Tsis Txuas," uas pom tseeb txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi txuas rau tus pin hauv kab lus no.

Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txhua yam txog 555 daim tawv nqaij ntawm nplooj ntawv no thiab pom qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm 555 kev qhia ntxiv ntawm nplooj ntawv no.

Hais txog tus hais lus, siv tus hais lus me me zoo li koj yuav pom sab hauv ntawm daim npav tos txais suab paj nruag. Qhov teeb tsa no tsis tuaj yeem tsav tus hais lus loj, tus hais lus me dua koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov zoo dua uas koj yuav yog. Feem ntau cov neeg hais lus yog polarized, yog li ua kom paub tseeb tias koj muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus hais lus txuas nrog hauv av (yog tias nws xav tau).

Yog tias koj xav coj nws mus ib kauj ruam ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub pob qhov rooj los ntawm kev txuas ib tus pin sab nraud ntawm 100K lub zog rau tus pin 3, tus pin nruab nrab rau tus hais lus, thiab tus pin sab nraud ntxiv rau hauv av.

Kauj ruam 20: Koj nyob ntawm koj tus kheej

Okay … Koj tsis yog raws koj tus kheej. Hauv is taws nem muaj cov neeg uas paub ua cov khoom no thiab tau sau lawv cov haujlwm xws li koj tuaj yeem kawm paub yuav ua li cas ib yam. Tawm mus thiab nrhiav seb koj xav ua dab tsi. Yog tias tseem tsis tau muaj lub Circuit Court, yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qee yam zoo sib xws twb muaj hauv online.

Ib qhov chaw zoo los pib nrhiav cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob yog Tshawb Pom Kev Tshawb Fawb site. Lawv muaj daim ntawv teev cov kev lom zem uas yuav sim nrog.

Yog tias koj muaj lus qhia ntxiv txog kev siv hluav taws xob yooj yim rau cov pib, thov qhia nws hauv cov lus hauv qab no.

Koj puas pom qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig, lom zem, lossis lom zem? Ua raws @madeineuphoria kom pom kuv cov phiaj xwm tshiab kawg.