Tsim Cov Qauv Tam Sim No Raws Li Oscillator rau Chav D Suab Lub Hwj Chim Lub Hwjchim: 6 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:24

Xyoo tsis ntev los no, Chav Kawm D lub zog siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tshuab suab nrov xws li MP3 thiab xov tooj ntawm tes vim lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Tus oscillator yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm chav kawm D suab nrov nrov. Tus oscillator muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab nrov zoo, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam ntsuas. Txog qhov kawg no, daim ntawv no tsim cov txheej txheem tswj hwm oscillator tam sim no rau chav kawm D lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Tus qauv yog raws tus qauv tam sim no thiab feem ntau siv ob lub luag haujlwm: ib qho yog muab lub teeb duab plaub lub voos xwmfab uas nws qhov dav yog sib npaug rau lub zog hluav taws xob; lwm qhov yog los muab lub teeb liab plaub fab xwm txheej uas zaus yuav luag ywj pheej ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab lub luag haujlwm piv txwv ntawm lub xwmfab yoj plaub fab yog 50%.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Cai Tam Sim No Oscillator

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm oscillator yog los tswj kev them nyiaj thiab tawm ntawm lub capacitor los ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no los ntawm MOS hloov lub raj kom tsim cov duab hluav taws xob peb tog. Daim duab thaiv kab ke ntawm hom kev siv tam sim no raws li oscillator tau qhia hauv daim duab 1.

Tsim Cov Qauv Tam Sim No Raws Li Oscillator rau Chav D Suab Lub Hwj Huam Amplifiers

Hauv daim duab. 1, R1, R2, R3, thiab R4 tsim qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob VH, VL thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob Vref los ntawm kev faib qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siv tom qab dhau los ntawm LDO cov qauv ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob OPA thiab MN1 los tsim qhov kev siv tam sim no Iref uas yog sib piv rau qhov muab hluav taws xob. Yog li muaj:

MP1, MP2, thiab MP3 hauv cov kab ke no tuaj yeem tsim daim iav tam sim no los ua kom them nyiaj tam sim no IB1. Daim iav qhov chaw tam sim no tsim los ntawm MP1, MP2, MN2, thiab MN3 tsim tawm tam sim no IB2. Nws tau kwv yees tias MP1, MP2, thiab MP3 muaj qhov dav sib npaug rau qhov sib piv ntev, thiab MN2 thiab MN3 muaj qhov dav sib npaug rau qhov sib piv ntev. Tom qab ntawd muaj:

Thaum tus oscillator ua haujlwm, thaum lub sijhawm them nqi t1, CLK = 1, lub raj MP3 them tus nqi hluav taws xob nrog qhov tam sim no tas li IB1. Tom qab ntawd, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm taw tes A nce linearly. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob ntawm taw tes A ntau dua VH, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm cmp1 tau tig mus rau xoom. Lub logic tswj module feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm RS flip-flops. Thaum cov zis ntawm cmp1 yog 0, lub davhlau ya nyob twg tso tawm CLK tau hloov pauv mus rau qib qis, thiab CLK yog qib siab. Tus oscillator nkag mus rau theem tso tawm t2, ntawm qhov taw tes tus capacitor C pib tso tawm ntawm qhov tam sim no IB2, ua rau qhov hluav taws xob ntawm taw tes A poob. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob poob qis dua VL, qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm cmp2 dhau los ua xoom. RS flip-flop flips, CLK nce siab, thiab CLK mus qis, ua tiav lub sijhawm them nqi thiab tso tawm. Txij li IB1 thiab IB2 sib npaug, lub sijhawm them thiab tso tawm ntawm lub capacitor yog sib npaug. Qhov nce toj nqes hav ntawm A-point daim duab peb sab voos sib npaug rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov nqes hav nqes hav. Yog li ntawd, CLK teeb liab yog lub cim plaub fab xwm txheej nrog lub luag haujlwm 50%.

Qhov tso zis zaus ntawm qhov oscillator no ywj siab ntawm qhov muab hluav taws xob, thiab qhov dav ntawm lub voos voos peb sab yog qhov sib npaug rau qhov muab hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Siv Oscillator Circuit

Kev tsim hluav taws xob oscillator tsim hauv daim ntawv no tau qhia hauv daim duab 2. Lub Circuit Court tau muab faib ua peb ntu: qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, them nyiaj thiab tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab kev tswj lub logic.

Tsim Cov Qauv Tam Sim No Raws Li Oscillator rau Chav D Suab Lub Hwjchim Amplifiers Daim duab 2 oscillator siv Circuit

2.1 Qhov pib qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob

Qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob tsim tawm ib feem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm MN1 thiab plaub qhov hluav taws xob faib cov resistors R1, R2, R3 thiab R4 muaj qhov sib npaug tiv taus qhov tseem ceeb. MOS transistor MN1 nyob ntawm no siv los hloov pauv transistor. Thaum tsis muaj lub suab tso tawm, lub nti teeb lub CTRL davhlau ya nyob twg qis, VH thiab VL yog ob qho 0V, thiab oscillator tsis ua haujlwm los txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm lub nti. Thaum muaj lub teeb liab nkag, CTRL qis, VH = 3Vdd/4, VL = Vdd/4. Vim tias kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus ntawm tus neeg sib piv, yog tias taw tes B thiab taw tes C txuas ncaj qha mus rau cov lus sib piv, kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim tawm mus rau qhov pib qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm MOS transistor. Yog li no, qhov txuas hluav taws xob txuas qhov point B thiab taw tes C rau qhov tsis. Kev sim hauv Circuit qhia pom tias kev siv cov khoom tsis zoo tuaj yeem cais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam thiab ua kom lub zog pib.

2.2 Kev tsim nqi thiab tawm tam sim no

Qhov sib piv tam sim no rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm OPA, MN2, thiab R5. Txij li qhov tau txais ntawm OPA siab, qhov sib txawv qhov sib txawv ntawm Vref thiab V5 yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Vim yog cov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv channel, qhov tam sim no ntawm MP11 thiab MN10 raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob. Yog li, tus nqi-tawm tam sim no ntawm lub capacitor tsis muaj kab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv qhov kev tsim qauv no, daim iav tam sim no siv cov qauv txheej txheem txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob ntawm MP11 thiab MN10, thiab txo qhov nkag siab rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Los ntawm AC qhov kev xav, tus qauv cascode ua rau kom muaj zog tiv thaiv tam sim no (txheej) thiab txo qhov ua yuam kev hauv cov zis tam sim no. MN3, MN4, thiab MP5 tau siv los muab qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau MP12. MP8, MP10, MN6 tuaj yeem muab qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau MN9.

2.3 Tshooj Tswj Logic

Cov zis CLK thiab CLK ntawm cov flip-flop yog cov duab plaub fab xwm yeem nrog cov qib sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem siv los tswj kev qhib thiab kaw ntawm MP13, MN11 thiab MP14, MN12. MP14 thiab MN11 ua raws li hloov pauv transistors, uas ua haujlwm li SW1 thiab SW2 hauv Daim Duab 1. MN12 thiab MP13 ua raws li lub raj pabcuam, uas lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txo qhov burrs ntawm kev them nqi thiab tso tawm tam sim no thiab tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntse-shooting ntawm peb tog voos. Qhov tshwm sim ntse-tua feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov channel them nyiaj cuam tshuam thaum MOS transistor nyob hauv lub xeev hloov pauv.

Piv txwv tias MN12 thiab MP13 raug tshem tawm, thaum CLK hloov pauv los ntawm 0 txog 1, MP14 tau tig mus rau lub xeev tawm, thiab tam sim no qhov chaw tsim los ntawm MP11 thiab MP12 raug yuam kom nkag mus rau thaj tsam sib sib zog nqus los ntawm cheeb tsam saturation tam sim ntawd, thiab MP11, MP12, MP13 yog Kev them nqi channel tau rub tawm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, uas ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tam sim no, ua rau muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nrawm ntawm taw tes A. Tib lub sijhawm, MN11 dhia los ntawm lub xeev tawm mus rau hauv lub xeev, thiab cov txheej txheej tam sim no suav nrog MN10 thiab MN9 mus los ntawm thaj tsam sib sib zog nqus mus rau thaj tsam saturation. Cov peev txheej channel ntawm peb lub raj no tau them nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm luv, uas tseem ua rau muaj Burr loj tam sim no thiab nce qhov hluav taws xob. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias cov yeeb nkab pabcuam MN12 raug tshem tawm, MN11, MN10, thiab MN9 kuj tseem ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws loj tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob loj loj thaum CLK tau dhia. Txawm hais tias MP13 thiab MP14 muaj qhov sib piv dav-rau-qhov sib piv, qib rooj vag yog qhov sib txawv, yog li MP13 thiab MP14 tau hloov pauv. MP13 ua ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Ua ntej tshaj, xyuas kom meej tias MP11 thiab MP12 ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam saturation thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub voj voog kom ntseeg tau tias txuas mus ntxiv ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab zam qhov ntse-tua qhov hluav taws xob tshwm sim los ntawm daim iav tam sim no. Qhov thib ob, ua MP13 thiab MP14 ua lub raj sib ntxiv. Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm CLK, cov peev txheej ntawm ib lub raj raug them, thiab cov peev txheej channel ntawm lwm lub raj xa tawm, thiab cov nqi zoo thiab tsis zoo tshem tawm ib leeg, yog li txo qis qhov tsis zoo tam sim no. Ib yam nkaus, kev qhia MN12 yuav ua lub luag haujlwm zoo ib yam.

2.4 Kev thov kho tshuab

Qhov tsis sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm MOS raj yuav txawv ntawm wafers. Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov tuab ntawm cov txheej txheej oxide ntawm MOS lub raj tseem yuav sib txawv, thiab Cox sib xws kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv raws li, ua rau cov nqi thiab tso tawm tam sim no hloov pauv, ua rau cov zis oscillator hloov pauv. Hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob ua ke, kev siv tshuab txiav yog siv los hloov cov resistor thiab resistor network (lossis network capacitor). Kev sib txawv resistor tes hauj lwm tuaj yeem siv los nce lossis txo qhov tsis kam (lossis lub peev xwm) los tsim cov sib txawv resistor tes hauj lwm (lossis cov tes hauj lwm sib txuas). Kev them nqi thiab tawm tam sim no IB1 thiab IB2 feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm Iref tam sim no. Thiab Iref = Vdd/2R5. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tsim no xaiv los luas tus tiv thaiv R5. Kev sib txuas hauv lub network tau qhia hauv daim duab 3. Hauv daim duab, txhua tus resistors sib npaug. Hauv qhov kev tsim no, qhov ua haujlwm ntawm resistor R5 yog 45kΩ. R5 txuas nrog hauv kab los ntawm kaum tus tiv thaiv me me nrog qhov tsis kam ntawm 4.5kΩ. Fusing cov hlau ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus A thiab B tuaj yeem ua rau R5 tiv taus 2.5%, thiab fusing cov hlau ntawm B thiab C tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm 1.25%, nruab nrab ntawm A, B thiab B, C. Cov fuse raug cua tshuab tag nrho, uas nce qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm 3.75%. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev txiav plaub hau yog tias nws tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi tsis kam, tab sis tsis yog qhov me me.

Daim duab 3 tsis kam kho cov qauv network

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Txheeb Xyuas Cov Ntsiab Lus

Kev tsim qauv no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm CSMC's 0.5μm CMOS txheej txheem thiab tuaj yeem simulated nrog Spectre cuab yeej.

3.1 Txhim kho cov duab voos peb sab los ntawm kev hloov pauv lub raj

Daim duab 4 yog daim duab qhia chaw qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm lub voos voos peb sab los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov raj. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 4 tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm MP13 thiab MN12 hauv qhov kev tsim qauv no tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb thaum qhov nqes hav hloov pauv, thiab qhov ua kom pom tseeb nthwv dej ploj mus tom qab lub raj pabcuam ntxiv.

Daim duab 4 Txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau lub voos voos voos

3.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov kub thiab txias

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 5 tias qhov zaus ntawm oscillator hloov mus rau 1.86% thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm 3V txog 5V. Thaum qhov kub hloov pauv los ntawm -40 ° C txog 120 ° C, oscillator zaus hloov los ntawm 1.93%. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias thaum qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub zog muab hluav taws xob sib txawv dav, qhov tso zis zaus ntawm oscillator tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov, yog li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm lub nti tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau.

Daim duab 5 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov zaus

Kauj Ruam 4: Xaus

Daim ntawv no tsim tus tswj oscillator tam sim no rau Chav D suab lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, qhov oscillator no tuaj yeem tsim cov xwm txheej thiab daim duab peb sab voos plaub nrog 250 zaus zaus. Ntxiv mus, qhov tso zis zaus ntawm oscillator tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov thaum qhov ntsuas kub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv dav. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv. Los ntawm kev qhia cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev sib txuas hauv lub network, txheej txheem tso zis raug tuaj yeem tau txais thaum muaj cov txheej txheem hloov pauv. Tam sim no, tus oscillator no tau siv hauv Class D lub suab nrov nrov.