Huab Cua Phom Loj Chronograph, Chronoscope. Luam tawm 3D: 13 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:25

Nyob zoo txhua tus, hnub no peb yuav rov los saib dua ib qhov uas kuv tau ua hauv xyoo 2010. Lub Phiaj Xwm Huab Cua Phom Loj. Cov cuab yeej no yuav qhia koj qhov ceev ntawm qhov projectile. Pellet, BB lossis txawm tias huab cua mos mos BB pob yas.

Xyoo 2010 kuv yuav rab phom cua kom lom zem. Tau tsoo cov kaus poom, fwj, lub hom phiaj. Kuv paub tias qhov ceev ntawm rab phom no yog siab tshaj 500 taw/s. Vim tias nws yog txoj cai Canada. Qee rab phom cua muaj zog tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai rau thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom ntawd ntawm Walmart.

Tam sim no kuv muaj daim ntawv tso cai no, kuv tuaj yeem yuav ib qho ntxiv. Tab sis zaj dab neeg luv luv, tib rab phom muaj rau Asmeskas ntawm 1000 ko taw/s. YOG! Rab phom tib yam? yog … Hauv tebchaws Canada, mob hlab ntsha tawg muaj qhov nyob hauv nws thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav zoo dua.

Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum ua yog sau lub qhov. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kuv tau ua nrog cov laug. Yam tom ntej uas yuav tsum tau ua yog kom hloov lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Tab sis tos … qhov tam sim no nrawm ntawm kuv cov khoom ua si tshiab yog dab tsi? Puas yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tiag? Kuv tsis paub thiab kuv xav paub. Kuv xav paub tam sim no tab sis li cas?

Tias yog vim li cas kuv thiaj ua qhov haujlwm no. Txhua yam kuv xav tau yog 2 lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, uC thiab zaub thiab peb tau ua lag luam.

Lub lim tiam dhau los, kuv tau pom kuv lub qub xiav chronograph ntawm lub txee thiab kuv tham nrog kuv tus kheej: "Vim li cas ho tsis qhia qhov no thiab ua cov lus qhia nrog nws?" Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, peb tuaj yeem nce qhov raug thiab ntxiv cov cim qhia roj teeb. Muab 1 khawm hloov 2 rau rau/tawm. Txhua qhov saum npoo. Peb tam sim no hauv 2020!

Yog li ntawd nws yog… cia pib!

Kauj ruam 1: Feature

-Pellet ceev

-Txhua yam

-20 mhz khiav, qhov tseeb loj

-Auto tawm

-Battery voltage tso tawm kom pom

-chematic muaj

-pcb muaj

-cov npe teev muaj

-STL muaj

-C code muaj

Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Xav Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab raug

Peb muaj uC khiav ntawm 20Mhz. Cov oscillator siv yog TCX0 +-2.5 ppm

-Peb muaj 2 lub ntsuas ntawm 3 ntiv tes deb ntawm ib leeg.

-Cov projectile tsoo thawj lub sensor. uC pib suav (timer1)

-Cov projectile tsoo lub sensor thib ob. uC nres suav.

-uC kos lub sijhawm timer1 tus nqi, ua lej thiab tso saib nrawm thiab nrawm.

Kuv tab tom siv 16 ntsis timer1 + tus chij hla mus rau tov1. 17 ntsis tag nrho rau 131071 "tic" rau suav tag nrho.

1/20 mhz = 50 ns. Txhua tic yog 50ns

131071 x 50 ns = 6.55355 ms ua 3 nti.

6.55355 ms x 4 = 26.21 ms ua 12 nti.

1/26.21 ms = 38.1472637 ko taw/s

Qhov no yog qhov qeeb tshaj plaws uas lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem ntsuas tau.

Vim li cas 20 mhz? Vim li cas ho tsis siv sab hauv 8 mhz lossis txawm tias cristal?

Kuv thawj lub cuab yeej tau siv sab hauv oscillator. Ua haujlwm tab sis qhov no tsis raug txaus. Qhov kev hloov pauv loj heev. Cristal zoo dua tab sis qhov kub sib txawv. Peb tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb nrog qhov ntawd. Tsis tas li, ntau zaus ntau dua, ntau tic yuav suav rau tib qhov nrawm. Kev ntsuas yuav zoo dua kom muaj qhov raug zoo heev. Vim tias tic tsis tuaj yeem faib tau, qhov poob yog qhov me me yog tias lub voj voog ua haujlwm nrawm.

Ntawm 20 MHz peb muaj cov kauj ruam ntawm 50 ns. Peb puas paub ntau npaum li cas nws yog 50 ns rau qhov projectile ntawm 38 ft/s.

38.1472637 ft/s faib los ntawm 131071 = 0, 000291042 ko taw

0, 0003880569939956207 feet x 12 = 0, 003492512 nti

1/0, 003492512 = 286.37 ". Hauv lwm lo lus. Ntawm 50 ft/s peb muaj qhov raug ntawm +- 1/286" lossis +- 0, 003492512 ntiv tes

Tab sis yog tias kuv oscillator yog qhov phem tshaj thiab khiav ntawm 20 mhz +2.5 ppm nws puas yog? Cia peb kawm…

2.5 ppm ntawm 20 000 000 yog: (20000000/1000000) x 2.5 = 20000050 Hz

Yog li qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj peb muaj 50 lub moos ntxiv ntawm 20 mhz. Nws yog 50 teev ntawm 1 thib ob. Muaj pes tsawg tic ntau ntawm timer1 yog pellet ua tib lub nrawm (38.1472637 ko taw/s lossis 6.55ms)?

1/20000050 = 49.999875 ns

49.999875 ns x 131071 = 6, 553533616 ms

6, 553533616 ms x 4 = 26.21413446 ms

1/26.21413446 ms = 38.14735907 ko taw/s

Yog li peb muaj 38.14735907 ko taw/s tsis yog 38.1472637 ko taw/s

Tam sim no peb paub tias 2.5 ppm tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim.

Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm kev nrawm sib txawv

Rau 1000 ft/s

1000 ft/s x 12 yog 12000 inches/s

1 thib ob rau 12000 "pes tsawg lub sijhawm ua 3"? 3x1/12000 = 250 peb vib nas this

250 us / 50 ns = 5000 tic.

Timer1 yuav yog 5000

uC ua lej thiab 1000 ft/s tau tshwm. Txog tam sim no zoo heev

Rau 900 ft/s

900 ft/s yog 10800 /s

3x1/10800 = 277.77 us

277, 77 ns / 50 ns = 5555, 5555 tic

Timer 1 yuav yog ntawm 5555

uC ua lej thiab 900, 09 yuav muab tso tawm es tsis yog 900

Vim li cas? vim timer 1 nyob ntawm 5555 thiab 0, 5555 ploj lawm. Tic ntawm timer tsis tuaj yeem faib tau.

Peb muaj qhov yuam kev fo 0, 09 ntawm 900 ft/s

0, 09/900x100 = 0, 01% yuam kev nkaus xwb

Rau 1500 ft/s1500 ft/s yog 18000 /s 3x1/10800 = 166.66 peb

166.66 us / 50 ns = 3333.333 tic Timer 1 yuav yog ntawm 3333

uC ua lej thiab 1500.15 yuav muab tso tawm es tsis yog 1500 nws.15/1500x100 = 0, 01%

Rau 9000 ft/s

9000 x 12 = 180000 nti / s

3x1/180000 = 27.7777 peb

27.77 us / 50 ns = 555, 555

Timer1 yuav nyob ntawm 555 thiab 4/(1/555x50ns) yuav raug tso tawm 9009, 00 yuav muab tso tawm

Ntawm no yuam kev yog ntawm 9 taw/s ntawm 9000 = 0, 1%

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom % yuam kev tau nce ntxiv thaum nrawm dua. Tab sis nyob twj ywm <0.1%

Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo heev.

Tab sis qhov tseeb tsis yog linear. Ntawm 10000 ft/s nws yog 0, 1 %. Qhov zoo tshiab yog peb tsis tau sim 10,000 ft/s pellet.

Lwm yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim, uC ib txwm ua tiav cov lus qhia zaum kawg ua ntej nkag mus cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog qhov ib txwm thiab txhua yam uC ua qhov no. Yog tias koj ua tus lej arduino, hauv C lossis txawm tias sib sau ua ke. Feem ntau koj yuav tos hauv lub voj voos tas mus li … tos. Qhov teeb meem yog, hauv lub voj peb siv 2 txoj hauv kev. Feem ntau qhov no tsis tseem ceeb. Tab sis hauv peb qhov xwm txheej. YOG, txhua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib lub voj tsis kawg:

sib dhos:

voj:

rjmp cev

Hauv C:

thaum (1) {}

Qhov tseeb C compiler siv rjmp qhia. RJMP yog 2 mus.

Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yog qhov cuam tshuam tshwm sim rau thawj lub voj voog, peb xoob ib lub voj voog (tic) (50ns).

Kuv txoj hauv kev los kho qhov ntawd yog ntxiv ntau qhov kev qhia nop hauv lub voj. NOP yog 1 lub voj voog.

voj:

nra

nra

nra

nra

nra

rjmp cev

Yog tias qhov cuam tshuam tshwm sim ntawm kev qhia nop. Peb nyob zoo. Yog tias nws tshwm sim ntawm lub voj voog thib ob ntawm kev qhia rjmp peb ua tau zoo. Tab sis yog tias nws tshwm sim thawj zaug ntawm kev qhia rjmp, peb yuav poob ib tic. Yes nws tsuas yog 50 ns tab sis zoo li koj tuaj yeem pom saum toj no, 50 ns ntawm 3 ntiv tes tsis muaj dab tsi. Peb tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov no los ntawm software vim tias peb tsis paub thaum twg qhov cuam tshuam tshwm sim. Yog vim li cas hauv txoj cai koj yuav pom ntau yam nop qhia. Tam sim no kuv zoo nkauj heev tias qhov cuam tshuam yuav poob rau ntawm kev qhia nop. Yog tias kuv ntxiv 2000 nop kuv muaj 0, 05% poob rau ntawm kev qhia rjmp.

Lwm yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Thaum cuam tshuam tshwm sim. Compiler ua ntau thawb thiab rub. Tab sis nws ib txwm yog tus lej. Yog li tam sim no peb tuaj yeem kho qhov software.

Txhawm rau xaus qhov no:

Qhov tseeb rau qhov nruab nrab pellet ntawm 1000 ft/s yog 0, 01%

100x tseeb dua li lwm 1% ntawm kev ua lag luam. Zaus ntau dua thiab nrog TCXO, qhov tseeb dua

Piv txwv li, 1% ntawm 1000 ft/s ntau dua lossis tsawg dua 10 ft/s. Nws yog qhov sib txawv loj heev.

Kauj Ruam 3: Schematic thiab Daim Ntawv Teev Npe

Ntawm no kuv tau siv kuv ib lub laub khawm rau/tawm Circuit. (saib kuv cov lus qhia zaum kawg) Qhov Circuit no siv tau zoo heev thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo heev.

Kuv siv atmega328p. Qhov no yog programmed hauv C.

Cov zaub yog tus qauv 2 kab lcd HD44780 sib xws. 4 ntsis hom yog siv.

Tus tswj hwm 3.3v tau siv los muab qhov hluav taws xob rau TCXO 20mhz.

D1 yog rau lcd backlight. Yeem yeem. Roj teeb yuav nyob ntev dua yog tias koj tsis nruab D1.

Txhua tus tiv thaiv thiab lub kaus mom yog 0805 pob

C1.1uf 25v

C2 1uf 16v

C3 2.2uf 10v

C4.1 ua

C5.1 ua

C6.1 ua

C71 ua

C8.1f ua

C9.1f ua

C10.1f ua

D1 1n4148 SM SOT123

D2 5.1v SOT123

IC1 ATMEGA328p

IC2 MIC5225-5.0YM5-TR TPS70950DBVT SOT23-DBV

OSC1 TXETDCSANF-20.000000

R 11M ib

R21M ib

R4 2.2k ib

R5 160 ib

R6 160 ib

R71m ib

R81m ua

U1 MIC5317-3.3 MIC5317 SOT23-5

U2 DMG6601LVT DMG6601LVT SOT23-6

Zaub lcd 2 kab HD44780. Tsis tas yuav yuav i2c module.

Sensors:

2x Emitter OP140A

2x Reciever OPL530

Encoder: PEC11R-4215K-S0024 *Tsis txhob hnov qab ntxiv 4x 10k resistors thiab 2x.01uf ua tus lim encoder. saib daim duab hauv qab no

Kauj Ruam 4: PCB Gerber Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv gerber

Kauj Ruam 5: Luag Koj Lub Pcb

Nrog kev pab tswv yim, muab tag nrho koj cov khoom siv ntawm lub pcb. Txhua feem lossis sau rau ntawm pcb, r1, r2 … thiab ntxiv rau.

Kuv tsis tau teeb tsa D1. Qhov no yog rau lcd back-light. Nws zoo nkauj tab sis roj teeb lub neej cuam tshuam. Yog li kuv xaiv khaws lub lcd rov qab-teeb tawm.

Kauj Ruam 6: Ua Haujlwm Atmega328p

Txheeb ntawm no ntawm qib 12 txhawm rau ua haujlwm atmega328p. Kuv muab ntawm no.hex cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov no.

Nov yog qhov program avrdude npaj rau program batch file. Tsuas yog nyem rau ntawm qhov program usbasp.bat thiab koj li usbasp tau teeb tsa kom raug. Txhua yam yuav ua tiav suav nrog fuse me ntsis.

1drv.ms/u/s!AnKLPDy3pII_vXaGPIZKMXxaXDul?e…

Hauv qhov haujlwm no kuv tseem tab tom qhia C qhov chaws. Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov ntawv hauv nws tuaj yeem ua lus Fab Kis.https://1drv.ms/u/s! AnKLPDy3pII_vXUMXHdxajwGRFJx? E …

Kauj Ruam 7: Lcd Zaub

Nruab ib co kab xev thiab txuas pcb thiab lcd ua ke

Kauj ruam 8: STL Cov Ntaub Ntawv

stl cov ntaub ntawv

1drv.ms/u/s!AnKLPDy3pII_vgezy0i0Aw3nD-xr?e…

Kev txhawb nqa yog xav tau rau lub thawv ntim khoom, lub raj xa dej thiab rab phom tuav.

Kuv tau sau txhua yam ntawm.2 hli siab.

Kauj Ruam 9: ROTARY ENCODER

Cov encoder teb no txuas nrog lub isp txuas. nws tau siv los hloov qhov hnyav pellet thiab qhib thiab kaw lub cuab yeej.

vcc isp tus pin 2 (rub tawm tus tiv thaiv)

Terminal A (daj) mus rau ISP tus pin 1

Terminal B (ntsuab) mus rau ISP tus pin 3

Terminal C (gnd) isp tus pin 6

Kuv tab tom ntxiv 2 daim duab kom pom qhov sib txawv ntawm kom muaj lub lim vs tsis lim. Koj tuaj yeem pom yooj yim qhov txawv ntawm ob qho tib si.

Lub laub khawm mus rau lub pcb SW txuas.

Kauj ruam 10: Sensor Yeeb Nkab

TSEEM CEEB:

Cov yeeb nkab sensor yuav tsum yog Dub thiab lub cim txais yuav tsum tau zais

Kuv thawj zaug tau ua kom muaj cov yeeb nkab liab zoo nkauj. Tab sis qhov no yog lo lus! Nws tsis ua haujlwm hlo li. Kuv xam tawm tias sab nraum lub teeb tau nkag mus pov cov yas thiab lub cim txais tau ib txwm nyob.

Kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kuv tsis muaj kev xaiv hloov xim rau dub.

Nruab ib lub receiver rau saum. Thiab zais cov yas ntshiab nrog cov xim dub, kab xev lossis cov pos hniav, dub silicone.

Nruab emitter rau hauv qab.. Txheeb nrog tus cwj mem yog tias cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo teb. Tej zaum lub qhov ntawm tus emitter yuav tsum tau nthuav dav me ntsis. nws yuav yog nyob ntawm koj lub tshuab luam ntawv ntsuas.

Kuv kuj muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo dua hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Tsis txhob tshav ntuj ncaj qha.

Kauj Ruam 11: Sensor Yeeb Nkab Lwm Yam

Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub tshuab luam ntawv 3d, koj tuaj yeem ua tib yam nrog cov yeeb nkab tooj liab. Nws yuav ua haujlwm zoo heev rau. Qhov nyuaj ua yog lub qhov nyob ntawm 3 ntiv tes thiab tus txais thiab emitter yuav tsum ua kom haum.

Kauj Ruam 12: Pellet ntawm Oscilloscope thiab Calibration

Nov yog qhov pellet tiag hla pov cov yeeb nkab. Soj Ntsuam 1 daj yog lub ntsuas 1. sojntsuam 2 ntshav yog lub ntsuas 2.

Sijhawm/div yog 50 peb.

Peb tuaj yeem suav 6 qhov kev faib ua 50us. 50 us x 6 = 300 us (rau 3 ntiv tes). 300 us x 4 = 1.2 ms rau 1 ko taw

1/1.2ms = 833.33 ft/s

Peb tseem tuaj yeem pom tias lub ntsuas pa ib txwm nyob ntawm 5v. Thiab peb puas tuaj yeem thaiv lub teeb emitter, sensor poob rau 0.

Nws yog txoj hauv kev pib uC thiab nres nws txoj kev sib tham (timer1)

Tab sis kom paub tseeb yog tias qhov nrawm tau raug, kuv xav tau txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov no.

Txhawm rau ntsuas cov software thiab ntsuas qhov raug ntawm cov cuab yeej no, kuv siv 10 mhz siv oscillator. Saib kuv GPSDO ntawm lwm cov lus qhia.

Kuv pub lwm atmega328 nrog qhov no 10 mhz. Thiab ua qhov program no hauv kev sib sau ua ke kom xa kuv 2 mem tes txhua lub sijhawm kuv thawb lub pob kom sim ua cov hmoov. Raws nraim li peb tau pom hauv daim duab tab sis hloov kom muaj lub pellet tiag nws yog lwm qhov UC xa kuv 2 mem tes.

Txhua lub sijhawm thawb khawm tau nias 1 mem tes tau xa thiab raws nraim 4 ms tom qab lwm qhov mem tes tau xa.

Txoj kev no, kuv tuaj yeem ua kom sib npaug ntawm cov software compiler kom muaj ib txwm 1000 ft/s tso tawm.

Kauj Ruam 13: Ntau…

Nov yog kuv thawj tsab ntawm xyoo 2010.

Rau cov lus nug lossis kev qhia yuam kev koj tuaj yeem xa email rau kuv. Lus Askiv lossis Fabkis. Kuv yuav ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pab.