Cov txheej txheem:
- Kauj Ruam 1: Yam Koj Xav Tau
- Kauj ruam 2: Multiplexing
- Kauj Ruam 3: Ua Lub Vev Xaib, Tus Qauv
- Kauj Ruam 4: Ua lub voos xwmfab, Puab txheej
- Kauj Ruam 5: Ua Lub Vev Xaib, Txuas Cov Txheej
- Kauj Ruam 6: Xaiv qhov muaj nuj nqis Resistor
- Kauj Ruam 7: Tus Tswj
- Kauj Ruam 8: Txhim Kho Lub Vev Xaib
- Kauj Ruam 9: Sau thiab Ua Haujlwm
- Kauj Ruam 10: Program Microcontroller
- Kauj ruam 11: Mus Loj - 8x8x8
Video: LED Cube 4x4x4: 11 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)
2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30
Amazing 3 dimensional LED zaub. 64 LEDs ua qhov 4 ntawm 4 los ntawm 4 lub voos xwmfab, tswj los ntawm Atmel Atmega16 microcontroller. Txhua lub LED tuaj yeem hais qhia ib tus zuj zus hauv software, ua rau nws tso saib cov duab 3D zoo nkauj! 8x8x8 LED lub voos xwmfab tam sim no muaj, los ntawm cov neeg xav tau:
Kauj Ruam 1: Yam Koj Xav Tau
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj xav tau sijhawm me ntsis los txhawm rau ua ke 64 leds;) Cov npe paub:
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim thiab kev txawj ntse
- Paub yuav ua haujlwm li cas rau AVR microcontroller - Kuv yuav tsis npog qhov ntawd hauv cov lus qhia no.
Cov npe khoom:
- Protoboard. Hom nrog tooj liab ncig.
- Atmel AVR Atmega16 microcontroller
- Programmer rau program Atmega16
- 64leds ib
- 2 status coj. Kuv siv liab thiab ntsuab. (yeem)
- Max232 rs-232 nti, lossis sib npaug.
- 16 resistors rau leds. (100-400ohms) yuav rov qab los rau qhov no.
- 2 x resistor 470 ohm. rau cov xwm txheej leds
- 1 x resistor 10k
- 4x resistor 2.2k
- 4x NPN transistor BC338 (lossis lwm lub transistor muaj peev xwm hloov 250-ish mA)
- 1 x 10 uF capacitor
- 1 x 1000uF capacitor
- 6x 0.1uF ceramic capacitor
- 2x 22pF ceramic capacitor
- 1x siv lead ua 14.7456 MHz
- 2x tactile khawm
- yeem pwr hloov
- connector rau 12v zog
- yeem txuas rau 5v zog
Kauj ruam 2: Multiplexing
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tswj tau 64 LEDs yam tsis siv 64 tus xov tooj ib leeg? Multiplexing!
Khiav ib lub xaim mus rau anode ntawm txhua tus coj yuav pom tseeb tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab yuav saib tsis zoo tiag. Ib txoj hauv kev kom nyob ib puag ncig qhov no, yog faib lub voos xwmfab ua 4 txheej ntawm 16x16 LEDs. Txhua lub LEDs ua ke hauv kab lus ntsug qhia ib qho anode (+). Txhua lub LEDs ntawm kab rov tav sib koom ib qho cathode (-). Tam sim no yog tias kuv xav teeb lub LED nyob rau sab laug sab laug hauv qab (0, 0, 3), Kuv tsuas yog muab GND (-) rau txheej sab saud, thiab VCC (+) rau kab ntawv hauv kaum sab laug. Yog tias kuv tsuas yog xav ua kom pom ib tus coj ib zaug, lossis tsuas yog teeb ntau dua ib txheej nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.. qhov no ua haujlwm tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kuv tseem xav teeb lub kaum sab xis hauv qab hauv ntej (3, 3, 0), Kuv ua rau muaj teeb meem. Thaum kuv muab GND rau txheej qis thiab VCC rau sab xub ntiag sab laug, Kuv tseem pom lub teeb sab saud sab xis coj mus rau hauv ntej (3, 3, 3), thiab sab laug sab laug LED nyob tom qab (0, 0, 0). Qhov kev ua phem no tsis tuaj yeem daws tau yam tsis tau ntxiv 64 tus xov tooj. Txoj hauv kev los ua haujlwm ib puag ncig nws tsuas yog ua kom pom kev ib txheej nyob rau ib lub sijhawm, tab sis ua kom nrawm heev uas lub qhov muag tsis paub tias tsuas yog ib txheej tau teeb nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov no tso siab rau qhov tshwm sim hu ua Persistence of vision. Txhua txheej yog duab 4x4 (16). Yog tias peb nyem 4 16 coj cov duab ib zaug, nrawm heev, peb tau txais 4x4x4 3d duab!
Kauj Ruam 3: Ua Lub Vev Xaib, Tus Qauv
Soldering grids ntawm 4x4 LEDs freehand yuav saib txaus ntshai! Kom tau 4 lub zoo meej 4x4 grids ntawm LEDs, peb siv tus qauv los tuav lawv hauv qhov chaw. Kuv xav ua lub voos xwmfab kom yooj yim li sai tau, yog li kuv xaiv siv cov LEDs tus kheej ob txhais ceg kom ntau li ntau tau. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab hauv kab sib chaws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm LED ob txhais ceg. Kuv pom tias 25mm (kwv yees li ib nti) yog qhov pom kev deb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus coj (nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov coj uas yog!) Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txuas yam tsis ntxiv lossis txiav hlau.
- Nrhiav ib daim ntoo loj txaus los ua 4x4 daim phiaj ntawm 2, 5cm rau.
- Kos ib daim duab 4x4 kab.
- Ua dents nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev tshuam nrog lub hauv paus punch.
- Nrhiav qhov laum me me uas ua rau qhov me me txaus kom cov coj yuav nyob ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw, thiab loj txaus kom cov coj tuaj yeem rub tawm tau yooj yim (yam tsis tau khoov cov xov hlau..).
- Laum 16 qhov.
- Koj tus qauv ledcube tau ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 4: Ua lub voos xwmfab, Puab txheej
Peb ua lub voos xwmfab hauv 4 txheej ntawm 4x4 leds, tom qab ntawd muab lawv sib dhos ua ke. Tsim ib txheej:
- Muab cov LEDs tso rau sab nraub qaum thiab nrog rau ib sab, thiab muab lawv sib dhos ua ke
- Ntxig lwm kab ntawm LEDs thiab muab lawv sib dhos ua ke. Ua ib kab ntawm ib lub sijhawm kom tawm ntawm qhov chaw rau cov hlau txuas!
- Rov ua cov kauj ruam saum toj no 2 zaug ntxiv.
- ntxiv cross bracing nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej qhov twg cov kab coj tsis txuas nrog.
- Rov ua dua 4 zaug.
Kauj Ruam 5: Ua Lub Vev Xaib, Txuas Cov Txheej
Tam sim no peb muaj cov 4 txheej, txhua yam peb yuav tsum ua yog txhawm rau ua ke.
Muab ib txheej rov qab rau hauv tus qauv. Qhov no yuav yog txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus, yog li xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws:) Muab lwm txheej rau saum, thiab kho ib qho ntawm cov ces kaum raws nraim 25mm (lossis qhov deb li cas koj siv hauv koj daim phiaj) saum toj no thawj txheej. Qhov no yog qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov xov hlau cathode. Tuav lub ces kaum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog kev pab txhais tes thiab txuas lub kaum sab xis anode ntawm thawj txheej mus rau lub kaum sab xis anode ntawm txheej thib ob. Ua qhov no rau txhua fab. Txheeb xyuas yog tias cov txheej txheej tau ua tiav zoo nyob hauv txhua qhov ntev. Yog tsis khoov me ntsis los kho. Los yog rov ua dua ntawm nws qhov siab qhov deb uas tawm. Thaum lawv ua tiav zoo sib xws, muab cov seem 12 anodes ua ke. Rov ua dua 3 zaug.
Kauj Ruam 6: Xaiv qhov muaj nuj nqis Resistor
Muaj ob yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum xaiv tus nqi tiv thaiv rau koj cov leds.
1) Cov LEDs 2) AVR Lub AVR muaj qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws tam sim no ntawm 200 mA. Qhov no muab rau peb 12mA ua haujlwm nrog rau ib qho LED. Koj kuj tsis xav kom tshaj qhov siab tshaj tam sim no koj cov leds tau ntsuas rau. Kuv siv 220 ohm resistors ntawm kuv lub voos xwmfab. Qhov no ua rau kuv txog 12mA rau ib tus coj.
Kauj Ruam 7: Tus Tswj
Cov kab hluav taws xob tswj hwm lub voos xwmfab coj tau piav qhia hauv daim duab txuas nrog.
RS-232 interface yog xaiv tau. thiab tuaj yeem tso tseg. Ntawd yog IC2 thiab txhua yam khoom txuas nrog nws. Cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej yuav ua rau PC sib txuas lus.. Pib los ntawm kev teeb tawm txhua yam khoom siv ntawm koj lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court hauv ib qho qauv uas pab kom txhua yam khoom siv txuas nrog qhov tsawg ntawm cov xov hlau. Yog tias txhua yam haum, muab lub vojvoog txuas. Kuv yuav tsis muab cov lus qhia ntxiv ntawm qhov no, vim tias lub voj voog yuav zoo li txawv ntawm lub voos xwmfab mus rau lub voos xwmfab, nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Circuit Court thiab lwm yam. kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 8: Txhim Kho Lub Vev Xaib
Cov duab piav qhia qhov no zoo dua li cov lus. Thov saib cov duab.
Kauj Ruam 9: Sau thiab Ua Haujlwm
Tam sim no koj muaj lub voos xwmfab coj. Txhawm rau siv nws, nws xav tau qee qhov software. Kuv tau ua tus tsav tsheb los ua qhov chaw 3d cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub voos xwmfab, thiab ua haujlwm los tso saib qee qhov pom kev txias rau ntawm lub voos xwmfab. Koj tuaj yeem siv kuv tus lej, sau koj tus kheej lossis tsim kuv cov cai thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Yog tias koj ua rau koj tus kheej cuam tshuam, thov xa kuv cov cai. Kuv mob siab pom koj ua dab tsi! Txhawm rau sau qhov program. Tsuas yog qhib cov lus txib ua haujlwm, nkag mus rau cov npe nrog cov codetype "ua" ntawm kab hais kom ua Yog tias koj xav siv ATMega32 hloov chaw ntawm ATMega16, tsuas yog hloov mcu teeb tsa hauv Makefile thiab rov ua dua (hom ua). Yog tias koj siv m32 thiab tsis ua cov kauj ruam no, lub voos xwmfab yuav tsis khau raj kom raug (lub teeb liab thiab ntsuab yuav ntsais ntsais mus ib txhis). Koj tam sim no koj yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv npe hu ua main.hex hauv cov npe teev tseg. yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas kom tau txais txoj cai ntawd rau hauv koj lub voos xwmfab.
Kauj Ruam 10: Program Microcontroller
Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib teeb meem nrog nrawm thiab/lossis qee qhov LEDs tsis pom kev. Thov nyeem cov theem no kom zoo. Kuv tsim cov microcontroller, kuv siv avrdude thiab USBTinyISP programmer.
- https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude/
- https://www.ladyada.net/make/usbtinyisp/
- https://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=16
Kuv cov piv txwv yuav nyob ntawm Ubuntu Linux system. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum zoo ib yam zoo ib yam ntawm Windows, tab sis kuv tsis tuaj yeem pab koj nrog qhov ntawd. Yog tias koj siv lwm tus programmer, nyeem thet phau ntawv rau tus programmer ntawd thiab avrdude. Ua ntej tshaj, Cia peb saib seb peb puas tuaj yeem tiv toj nrog AVR. C txuas tus programmer rau koj lub voos xwmfab thiab koj lub computer. Cov lus txib yog "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 ", qhov twg -c qhia tus programmer, thiab -p tus qauv AVR. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov zis hauv cov duab hauv qab no. Tam sim no, rub lub firmware: "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U flash: w: main.hex". Tam sim no, lub voos xwmfab yuav tsum rov pib dua thiab pib ua haujlwm. Nws yuav khiav ntawm 1mhz (qeeb heev) siv nws sab hauv oscillator. Thiab qee qhov leds yuav tsis ua haujlwm, vim tias qee qhov GPIO chaw nres nkoj tau siv rau JTAG los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Txhawm rau ua kom lwm tus oscillator sab nraud thiab ua haujlwm tsis tau JTAG, peb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub fuse bytes: khiav "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U lfuse: w: 0xef: m "thiab" avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U hfuse: w: 0xc9: m ". Ceev faj thaum ua cov kauj ruam no! Yog tias koj ua tsis raug, koj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem koj lub microcontroller tas mus li! Yog tias koj siv lwm lub microcontroller ntau dua li ATMega16, nco ntsoov nyeem cov ntawv ua tib zoo ua ntej hloov lub fuse bytes! Tom qab sau qhov raug fuse bytes raug, lub voos xwmfab yuav tsum rov pib dua thiab pib ua haujlwm nrawm nrog txhua lub leds ua haujlwm. Enjoy koj lub voos xwmfab tshiab: D
Kauj ruam 11: Mus Loj - 8x8x8
Tom qab ua qhov no zoo nkauj heev 4x4x4 lub voos xwmfab, kuv kuj tau ua ib qho loj loj 8x8x8 lub voos xwmfab. Kuv yuav ua tus qhia rau tus ntawd thaum kuv muaj sijhawm. Lub caij no, saib cov duab:-)
Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov 8x8x8 version ntawm no: https://www.instructables.com/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/ Thov ntsuas cov lus qhia no yog tias koj nyiam nws!:)
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