Thaub qab Koj Cov Neeg rau zaub mov: 6 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Los ntawm JohntronJohntron Hais Lus Ua Raws Ntxiv los ntawm tus sau:

Txog: Software tsim tawm, Placethings co-founder, thiab thev naus laus zis. Tam sim no kawm tiav tsev kawm tiav hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm University of Texas ntawm Dallas. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Johntron »

Kawm paub yuav ua li cas thaub qab koj lub nix lub thawv rau sab nraud harddrive (lossis tapedrive yam tsis siv zog ntau). Kuv npog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev thaub qab nruab nrab, siv `dump ', rov ua dua, thiab tseem thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub server deb mus rau sab nraud harddrive. To thaub qab lub Windows PC, nyeem kab lus lifehacker.com ntawm no. Kauj ruam 1: Npaj khoom npaj: Siv qhov 'dump`Step 3: `restoreStep 4: Cov thaub qab tej thaj chaw debStep 5: AutomationThe FreeBSD Logo yog lub cim lag luam ntawm FreeBSD Foundation thiab tau siv los ntawm John Syrinek nrog kev tso cai ntawm FreeBSD Foundation.

Kauj Ruam 1: Npaj Khoom

Ua ntej koj ua thaub qab, koj yuav tsum muaj qee yam los thaub qab. Tradionally, qhov no yog kab xev tsav; txawm li cas los xij, a (zoo) harddrive sab nraud yuav ua haujlwm zoo xwb. Koj tsis tas yuav siv lub harddrive sab nraud, tab sis nrog kev tsav sab nraud koj muaj qhov yooj yim uas tuaj yeem nqa lub harddrive mus tsev (lossis qee qhov lwm qhov chaw nyob sab nraud). Kuv siv ob peb ntawm Western Digital MyBook's. Lub Nroog Circuit muaj 80% kev muag khoom ntawm (xaiv) cov tsav sab nraud, thiab kuv tau txais ob 250GB tsav rau cov av pheej yig. Hauv kuv qhov kev paub, Western Digital muaj cov tsav tsheb zoo heev (txhais tau tias lawv nyob mus ib txhis). Qhov no ua rau lawv zoo rau thaub qab. Yog tias koj yuav mus dhau qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev thaub qab ib yam dab tsi, koj tsis xav kom koj nruab nrab thaub qab tawm ntawm koj. OK, ib yam li kuv lwm tsab xov xwm, Kuv yuav siv FreeBSD®; Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm txhua yam uas kuv yuav npog tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv txhua qhov zoo ntawm Linux, Unix, lossis BSD. (Hla nqe lus tom ntej yog tias koj twb muaj USB 2.0 txhawb nqa lossis tsis siv USB sab nraud tsav) MyBooks yog USB 2.0 tsav. FreeBSD 5.4-STABLE tsis muaj EHCI tus tsav tsheb (qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muab rau koj USB 2.0) qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Qhov no yog qhov kho tau yooj yim, txawm hais tias qee tus yuav xav rov ua dua lub ntsiav kom txaus ntshai (nws tsis yog). Yog tias koj yog ib tus ntawm hom kev ceev faj dhau, Kuv pom zoo ua thaub qab ua ntej recompiling koj cov ntsiav. USB 2.0 yuav tsis qhib, tab sis USB 1.1 tseem ua haujlwm. Nws tsuas yog qeeb dua. Kom pab tau EHCI, nyeem nplooj ntawv no ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia. Tej zaum koj yuav tseem yuav tau hais txog ntu ntu ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia no uas piav qhia yuav ua li cas rov ua tau lub kernel. Yog tias koj siv tus tsav sab nraud, lossis txawm tias yog tsav sab hauv, koj yuav tsum tau tsav lub tshuab ua ntej koj tuaj yeem siv nws. Qhov no tau ua tiav nrog cov lus txib 'mount', thiab zoo nkauj heev. Nov yog mount tus txiv neej nplooj ntawv. Yog hais tias mount tau yws txog qhov tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom fileystem, koj yuav zaum yuav tsum tau format tus tsav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum paub lub cuab yeej raug rau format. Rau kuv, nws yog /dev /da0, tab sis rau koj nws yuav txawv. Tham nrog koj cov distro cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab txiav txim siab koj lub cuab yeej twg koj lub HD sab nraud txuas nrog, koj yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev teeb tsa tiag tiag ntawm tus tsav (zoo, muab faib). Yog tias koj xav tau kev pab muab faib koj lub tsav, tsuas yog nug kuv. FreeBSD siv mkfs los tsim cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm partitions. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem yuav ua haujlwm, tab sis kuv tau xaiv siv UFS vim tias qhov ntawd FreeBSD siv los ntawm lub neej ntawd. FAT32 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau lwm lub tshuab ua haujlwm, thiab Ext3 yog dab tsi feem ntau Linux flavors tau siv niaj hnub no (lossis tsawg kawg lawv tau ua zaum kawg kuv siv Linux). Yog li, kuv tau siv cov lus txib no los txhim kho kuv tsav: mount -t ufs /dev /da0 /backupOK, koj yuav tsum muaj koj lub thaub qab nruab nrab npaj mus. Yog tias tsis yog, tsuas yog nug::) Mus rau Kauj Ruam 2. Cov cim FreeBSD yog lub cim lag luam ntawm Lub FreeBSD Foundation thiab yog siv los ntawm John Syrinek nrog kev tso cai ntawm FreeBSD Foundation.

Kauj Ruam 2: Siv 'pob tseg'

Cia peb backup peb cov khoom. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no. Pob tseg thiab Tar yog tej zaum ob qhov feem ntau, thiab ob leeg muaj lawv tus kheej qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog. Dump yog txhais tes-nqis txoj kev ntseeg tau tshaj plaws rau thaub qab koj lub cev; Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsuas tuaj yeem thaub qab tag nrho cov faib. Tar yog nrawm thiab siv tau yooj yim ntawm tus kheej cov ntawv, tab sis siv qee lub sijhawm los thaub qab ntau dua. Tar tseem nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv, ntxiv ib txheej ntawm qhov nyuaj rau qhov ua rau tsis zoo rau koj cov thaub qab. Nyeem nplooj ntawv no kom paub ntau ntxiv Kuv txiav txim siab siv pob tseg vim tias muaj kev ntseeg siab. Qhov chaw cia tsis yog qhov teeb meem, thiab txij li thaum kuv tau ua cron ua thaub qab rau kuv tau thaum kuv tsaug zog, Kuv tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog lub sijhawm. Ib qho ntawm pob pov tseg qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog tias nws thaub qab tag nrho cov ntu. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum muab pov tseg txhua qhov faib ua ib tus zuj zus (piv txwv li /usr, /var, thiab /tmp partitions, nrog rau /partition). Pob tseg cia koj qhia meej txog "qib" ntawm kev thaub qab ib yam. Kuv yuav ua haujlwm txhua lub lim tiam thiab hmo ntuj thaub qab. Txog kuv cov thaub qab txhua lub lim tiam, kuv siv qib 0, thiab rau kuv cov thaub qab hmo ntuj, kuv siv qib 2. Yog tias koj siv daim kab xev tsav, lossis yog tias koj xav txuag chaw cia, txiav txim siab siv Tower of Hanoi thaub qab phiaj xwm (Google nws. (Nco ntsoov, /thaub qab yog qhov uas kuv muaj kuv sab nraud HD mounted) Cov lus txib kuv siv rau kev pov tseg txhua lub lim tiam yog:

• pob tseg -0Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /txhua lub lim tiam /hauv paus /
• dump -0Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /txhua lub lim tiam /usr /usr
• dump -0Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /txhua lub lim tiam /var /var
• pob tseg -0Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /txhua lub lim tiam /tmp /tmp

Cov lus txib kuv siv rau kev tso tseg hmo ntuj yog:

• dump -2Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /hmo ntuj /hauv paus /
• dump -2Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /hmo ntuj /usr /usr
• dump -2Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /hmo ntuj /var /var
• pob tseg -2Lna -C 100 -f /thaub qab /hmo ntuj /tmp /tmp

Kuv tau siv qhov 'hnub tim' hais kom sau kuv cov ntaub ntawv nrog, tab sis kuv tau tso tseg qhov no rau qhov yooj yim vim li cas. Ib qho pov tseg uas siv cov lus txib `date` yuav zoo ib yam li no: dump -0Lna -C 100 -f/backup/weekly/usr/` date”+%Y-%B-%d” `/usrOf, koj yuav xav tau los tsim ib qho chaw tsim nyog thaub qab cov lus qhia ua ntej khiav cov lus txib pov tseg, tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov ntawd. Thiab tam sim no koj yuav tsum muaj lub snapshot ntawm koj lub kaw lus, lossis tsawg kawg paub yuav tsim ib qho twg. thiab yuav ua li cas "fixit" floppies. Tsis txhob hla KAUJ RUAM no lossis koj tau nkim koj lub sijhawm.

Kauj ruam 3: `` rov qab ''

Nws tau ib pliag txij li thaum kuv tau rov qab thaub qab, yog li dais nrog kuv.

Txhawm rau rov qab thaub qab, koj yuav tsum muaj qee yam tsawg OS los hloov cov thaub qab los ntawm koj lub thaub qab nruab nrab mus rau lub tshuab nyob, lub tshuab LIVE (piv txwv li, tsis muaj kho vajtse tsis raug), thiab koj cov thaub qab lawv tus kheej. Rau qhov tsawg OS, Kuv siv tib daim CD uas kuv siv los nruab FreeBSD. Sysinstall muaj hom "Fixit" los rov qab thaub qab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj txheej txheem kho vajtse, koj yuav xav tsim koj li kev cai bootable disk. Qhov no yuav tsis suav nrog hauv kab lus no, tab sis nws ib txwm suav nrog tsim cov pob liab qab thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub bootable disk. Nco tseg: Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus FreeBSD 5.4 ntsiav tshuaj nyob ib puag ncig 2.3MB, txhais tau tias nws yuav tsis haum rau ntawm ib qho floppy. Yog li hauv paus, yog tias cov poop tsoo tus kiv cua (ger ger ger), koj khau raj ntawm koj daim CD, nkag mus rau "Fixit" hom, teeb tsa koj lub hard drive, thiab tom qab ntawd khiav qhov hais kom ua. Kuv ntseeg tias koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa thiab tshem tawm cov ntu uas koj tab tom kho ib zaug. Tsis tas li, koj lub rooj sib faib yuav tsum huv, txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau siv `bsdlabel` txhawm rau txhim kho koj cov faib. Rov qab hais kom ua: (tom qab kev teeb tsa ntu huv thiab hloov mus rau phau ntawv teev npe ntawm qhov chaw muab faib) rov qab vrf /dev /da0 Thov nco ntsoov tias nws muaj peev xwm rov qab tau ib feem (cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej lossis cov npe) ntawm cov thaub qab uas tsim los siv yog tias koj xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 4: Thaub qab Cov Chaw

Cov chaw thaub qab tuaj yeem ua tiav siv rdump, scp, lossis kev cai software. Most hosting tuam txhab feem ntau muab (rau tus nqi) hmo ntuj thaub qab. Kuv HIGHLY pom zoo qhov no yog tias koj muaj nuj nqis rau koj cov ntaub ntawv. Kuv tau muaj ob lub servers tshwj xeeb ua rau kuv los ntawm ob tus tswv sib txawv. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab no feem ntau khaws cia ntawm kev tsav tsheb cais, feem ntau lawv nyob hauv tib lub tsev, yog li yog qee yam tshwm sim rau lub tsev (uas tsis zoo li, tab sis ua tau tseeb), tom qab ntawd koj yog SOL. Qhov no yog vim li cas kuv pom zoo kom ua koj tus kheej tawm ntawm qhov chaw (txheeb ze rau lub system tau txais kev txhawb nqa) thaub qab ntxiv rau hauv zos, thaub qab hmo ntuj. Thov nco ntsoov tias kuv yuav tsum ntxiv.txt txuas ntxiv txhawm rau rub tsab ntawv (koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov no). Txawm yog lub tuam txhab tuav kuv lub tshuab ua haujlwm deb ua hmo ntuj `tar 'thaub qab, kuv txiav txim siab tsuas yog luam cov ntawv no mus rau lub tshuab hauv ib hmo hauv paus Kuv tau sau PHP-uas tau tsav (vim tias yog qhov kuv paub) plhaub tsab ntawv uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib txuas ntawm cov kab ke nyob deb cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab nrog daim ntawv hauv zos. Nws rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, (xaiv tau) rov rub cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab uas muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv luam hauv zos uas tsis muaj nyob ntawm cov kab ke nyob deb. Qhov no txuag bandwidth, sijhawm, thiab chaw cia. Nws yog qhov tsuas yog qhov sib txawv 'qhwv rau' scp '. Lub hauv paus tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv no. Yog tias koj siv nws, nco ntsoov chmod nws kom tau txais kev tso cai (chmod u =+rx fetchbackups). Kuv pom zoo kom tus neeg siv ua haujlwm khiav cov ntawv no (chown operator fetchbackups). Txhua lwm txoj hauv kev thaub qab suav nrog siv `scp` ntawm tag nrho cov npe, siv` rdump`, lossis, raws li clievers taw qhia, siv `rsnapshot` lossis` backuppc`. Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub hauv paus nkag mus rau koj cov neeg rau zaub mov nyob deb, qee txoj hauv kev no yuav ua tsis tau, thiab `scp` feem ntau xav tau sijhawm ntau thiab bandwidth.

Kauj ruam 5: Automation

Yog li koj tau txiav txim siab ua kom nrawm ntawm koj lub system, thiab tam sim no koj xav ua nws txhua hmo. Cron ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov no, thiab nws yooj yim zoo nkauj rau teeb tsa.

Cron txoj haujlwm tsuas yog cov lus txib uas tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Lawv tuaj yeem khiav txhua hli, hmo ntuj, lossis txawm tias ib nrab dhau los 7 teev sawv ntxov thaum sawv ntxov hnub Monday. Cron cov haujlwm tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv crontab. Hauv FreeBSD cov ntaub ntawv no nyob ntawm /etc /crontab Saib cov nplooj ntawv txiv neej rau /etc /crontab kom paub seb nws ua haujlwm li cas Kuv tau txuas kuv lub crontab rau nplooj ntawv no (tshem tawm. Txt txuas ntxiv). Txhua yam koj ua yog ntxiv koj cov haujlwm cron thiab khaws cov ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas dua txhua feeb, yog li koj ua tiav.

Kauj Ruam 6: Xaus thiab Xav Thaum Kawg

Vam tias koj tau tswj hwm koj lub tshuab (s). Dab tsi hauv qab no tsuas yog qee qhov sau tseg ntawm lub ncauj lus.

Yog tias koj mob siab txog kev thaub qab, tom qab ntawd TEST TEST TEST. Nco ntsoov tias koj cov thaub qab thiab rov ua cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Cov thaub qab uas koj tsis tuaj yeem rov qab yog tsis muaj nqis. Ib qho teeb meem uas kuv tau ntsib yog teeb tsa kuv lub cache loj heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem (hauv paus) DoS koj lub cev thiab ua rau nws khov. Koj lub cache yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm koj lub RAM kom ua tau zoo (kuv li ib feem tsib), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj koj li qhov chaw sib pauv. 32MB yog dab tsi pov tseg tus txiv neej nplooj ntawv pom zoo. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv no yuav dhau los lawm, muaj cov cachesize loj yuav tsis ua qhov sib txawv yog tias koj muaj tag nrho hmo ntuj los thaub qab koj lub system. Yog tias koj tau siv koj li kev thaub qab, xyuas kom lawv ua haujlwm. Nws yuav yog npau suav phem tiag tiag rau koj lub system kom sib tsoo thiab tom qab ntawd paub tias koj cov thaub qab crons tawm haujlwm 6 lub hlis dhau los vim qhov chaw disk tsis txaus. Cron cov haujlwm tsuas yog siv tus txheej txheem "txaus siab" xwb. Yog tias koj ua thaub qab ntawm tus kheej, tsis txhob ua tsis txaus siab thiab hnov qab. Ua nws niaj hnub ua. Tsis txhob cia siab rau cov haujlwm cron ib yam, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav. Cov thaub qab tsuas yog luam ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no txhais tau tias thaub qab yuav tsum tau nyab xeeb ib yam nkaus, yog tias tsis zoo dua, koj li kev ua neej nyob. Khaws koj lub hard drive sab nraud hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb (zoo li nyob deb ntawm ob qho dej THIAB tub sab). Khiav backup cronjobs raws li tus neeg siv 'tus neeg siv'. Qhov no yog tus lej txwv uas muaj rau cov khoom xws li qhov no. Kuj xyuas kom tseeb tias cov neeg siv ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thaub qab. Yog tias koj xav tias koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntse (lossis txawm tias koj tsis ua), ib txwm encrypt cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thaum lub chaw thaub qab. Vim tias cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv, nrog rau kev rov ua haujlwm tas li (yog tias koj siv cronjobs), cov neeg nyiag nkas tuaj yeem siv lawv lub sijhawm los nyiag koj cov ntaub ntawv. Encryption yog ib qho yooj yim, yog li siv nws. Nco ntsoov tias cov neeg siv ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem siv cov thaub qab rau lawv tus kheej cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li, `scp` xav tau kev lees paub tseeb. Kuv HIGHLY pom zoo ua ntej qhib cov pej xeem/ntiag tug. Koj tsis xav kom koj tus password raug xa mus txhua lub sijhawm thaub qab tau ua haujlwm.