USB Tswj Mini Lava Teeb: 9 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Cov lus qhia no piav qhia lub tsev ntawm USB siv hluav taws xob thiab tswj teeb ntawm lava teeb los ntawm USB keyboard thiab ob Xav Geek USB lava teeb siv lub tshuab yooj yim transistor relay hloov Circuit Court uas tau tsav los ntawm cov keyboard LEDs. Nws qhia txog txoj hauv kev yooj yim los tswj txog peb lub tshuab hloov pauv siab (nce txog 120volts, 0.5 amps) dhau ntawm USB txuas, rau qhov nyiaj tsawg tsawg (0 $ txog 40 $ nyob ntawm koj cov khoom pov tseg), thiab tsis muaj txhawm rau teeb tsa USB tswj kev tsav tsheb lossis lub microcontroller. Muaj peev xwm koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov keyboard kom ntxiv ntau dua 100 lub tswv yim uas yuav ntaus cim uas tuaj yeem siv los tswj hwm txoj haujlwm (raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm randofo thiab los ntawm David Merrill, tab sis txoj hauv kev no tsis tau siv rau txoj haujlwm no. ib qho khoom plig rau kuv tus phooj ywg Chris Lasher los ua kev nco txog nws kev txav chaw thiab pib kawm tiav txoj haujlwm hauv bioinformatics. Chris yuav ua ntau txoj haujlwm, thiab yog tus ua raws Pragmatic / Agile Programing, ib tus thawj xibfwb uas yog chav ntsuas. Cov kev ntsuas chav kawm ntawm cov haujlwm tau ua, nws yog qhov zoo kom paub tias lawv ua tiav lossis tsis tiav, thiab qhov twg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. cov cuab yeej tswj tsev tsis nyob hauv tsev (nws raug nqi ntau dua $ 60). Lub teeb tso cai rau lawv saib seb qhov kev xeem dhau los lossis tsis ua tiav, thiab maj mam ua kom sov ntawm ib lub teeb tso cai rau lawv pom qhov twg ts tau muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog lub tswv yim txias, tab sis kuv xav ua Chris ib yam uas: 1) yuav tswj ob lub USB-lava teeb me me, 2) yuav raug tshem tawm Chris qhov zoo nkauj lub laptop tshiab, thiab cuam tshuam ntawm USB (tsis muaj cov chaw nres nkoj qub ntawm cov khoos phis tawj tshiab, tshwj xeeb yog lub khoos phis tawj), 3) yuav yog lub tsev me me thiab zoo rau cov neeg nyiag nkas, 4) yuav yog qhov pheej yig dua. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev muaj nyob hauv kab rau cov phiaj xwm tswj chaw nres nkoj. Ib qhov haujlwm zoo uas kuv tau yoog yog ntawm https://www.windmeadow.com/node/4. Hmoov tsis zoo, yuav luag txhua lub USB rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis tso cai rau qib qis me ntsis banging (tus kheej toggling ntawm cov kab tswj) uas yuav tsum tau siv cov kab hluav taws xob no. Lwm txoj hauv kev yuav yog yuav lub USB interface Circuit, lossis tsim ib qho los ntawm microcontroller. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm yuav xav tau kev pom zoo ntawm microcontroller code thiab cov tsav tsheb (txawm tias siv cov tib neeg ua haujlwm sib txuas ua ntej lossis tus tswj hwm ua ntej). Kuv xaiv los daws qhov teeb meem no nrog khaws cov keyboard USB, vim tias lawv pheej yig, thiab muaj txhua yam uas xav tau rau peb qhov yooj yim rau/tawm cov txiaj ntsig, hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus lej, lub kaus mom, thiab nqes xauv LEDs. Hauv Linux muaj ntau lub tswv yim los hloov koj lub LEDs los ntawm ib txoj haujlwm lossis kab hais kom ua (ib qho tseem tau hais hauv Cryptonomicon). Kev teeb tsa yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab tau teeb tsa ua ntej yuav luag txhua lub tshuab, coj los tsim ntawm tus qauv siv-server, thiab tseem muaj tus qauv hauv Ruby programing language. Windows thiab Mac OSs, thiab lwm yam lus programming, yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem sib piv - tshaj tawm lawv hauv cov lus yog tias koj paub yuav ua li cas toggle keyboard LEDs hauv lwm OSs lossis cov lus programming! Kuv tau muab Chris nws tam sim no, thiab tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nws cov kev ntsuas ntsuas tau dhau mus, txhua tus programmer hauv nws chav haujlwm tshiab tuaj yeem paub tias tus kws tsim khoom DIY txias nws yog dab tsi.

Kauj Ruam 1: Daim Ntawv Teev Npe

2 USB lava teeb (los ntawm Thinkgeek lossis froogle ~ $ 10 txhua) 1 USB keyboard (ib lub keyboard kua tseem yuav tso cai rau koj khaws ob lub USB jacks, ua rau hackery tau teev nyob rau hauv "tus txiv neej pluag USB jack" kauj ruam tsis tsim nyog) $ 0 rau cov keyboard tawg nrog tus yuam sij tuag lossis ob, rau $ 4 ntawm kab (https://froogle.google.com/froogle?q=usb%20keyboard) txog $ 30 ntawm qhov yuav zoo tshaj) 2 reed switch relays (Radio Shack #275-233 $ 3.00, Mouser #677-OMR-112H $ 1.54) tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsuas yog them ob peb duas las. 2 transistors (zoo li 2N2222) (Radio Shack #276-1617, Mouser #511-2N2222A) 2 resistors (Radio Shack #271-1124, Mouser #291-4.7k, daj-violet-red-gold bands) 4 diodes, yam zoo li 1N404 (Xov Tooj Cua Shack #276-1103, Mouser #512-1N414B) 1 lub zog hloov pauv (SPST) me ntsis ntawm xaim 1 perfboard (Xov Tooj Shack #276-1395) 1 Altoids tinsome cardboard, ib daim ntawv ntawm pob tshab/nyiaj siv ua haujlwm zaj duab xis soldering hlau thiab / lossis xaim qhwv cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej wiredremel lossis cov cuab yeej siv tes thiab patiencedrill thiab bitsa digital multimeterred thiab ntsuab sharpie marker Kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse: Kev pib siv hluav taws xob thiab kev paub hluav taws xob. Kuv pom zoo rau Forest Mimm phau ntawv yog tias koj yog tus pib siv hluav taws xob thiab xav paub tias kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm li cas.

Kauj ruam 2: Keyboard Evisceration

Nqa koj cov keyboard sib nrug raws li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau li ntau tau. Cov keyboard kuv tau dag ib ncig yog Dynex multimedia USB keyboard, tus lej naj npawb DX-MKB101. Thaum koj disassemble, ceev faj kom tsis txhob tawg cov xov hlau nyias uas feem ntau siv. Koj yuav tsum pom qee yam zoo li daim duab thib ob tom qab qhib lub keyboard. Koj xav khaws lub cev ntawm Circuit thiab pawg thawj coj nrog LEDs (feem ntau ntawm tib lub rooj sib tham hauv Circuit Court) thiab poob cov keyboard loj. Vam tias koj tuaj yeem tshem cov yas yas uas ua lub luag haujlwm hloov pauv rau cov keyboard, lossis qee txoj hauv kev txiav cov keyboard hloov pauv yam tsis ua rau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb puas tsuaj. Kuv yuav tsum tau txiav los ntawm qee cov yas los tso lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis tom qab ua tiav koj yuav tsum tuaj yeem ntsaws cov keyboard hauv, kom nws lees paub, thiab hloov lub liab liab liab liab liab nrog rau lwm qhov, ua haujlwm cov keyboard lub ntsuas phoo ntsaws rau hauv tib lub computer. Koj tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub twj paj nruag, USB thiab tsis yog, txuas nrog ib txhij nrog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no thiab lawv yuav ua rau ib leeg lub kaus mom xauv thiab lwm yam yuam sij xauv. Txog ntawm qhov no kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws tuaj yeem ua puas lossis puas tsuaj koj lub khoos phis tawj los ntawm kev ntsaws cov kab hluav taws xob liab liab rau hauv. Siv kev ceev faj thiab ua tib zoo. Yog tias koj txhawj xeeb sim nrog lub hub USB pheej yig. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Kuv tau sim txhua yam ntawm qhov teeb meem qhov teeb meem no, suav nrog rov txuas lub xov tooj cua nyob, thiab kuv lub khoos phis tawj tseem tsis tau tawg.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tus Txiv Neej Tsis Zoo Usb Plug

Kuv tsis xav ua kom puas ntsaws USB ntsaws rau ntawm lub teeb lava kom lawv tuaj yeem siv tau cais, thiab kom USB lava teeb lub teeb tswj tau hloov pauv (lwm yam khoom siv tuaj yeem siv qhib thiab tua tsis siv lub teeb). Yog tias koj tshem tawm cov keyboard Apple hauv cov kauj ruam kawg koj yuav muaj ob tus poj niam USB-A nkaus uas koj tuaj yeem siv, thiab yog li tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no. Koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav tus poj niam USB-A jacks los ntawm mouser lossis khaws cia los ntawm lub chaw tso khoom seem USB. Txawm li cas los xij kuv tau xaiv nrog qhov pheej yig thiab xaiv yooj yim - USB yooj yim ua los ntawm qee cov kab xaim qhwv (ib qho xaim xaim yuav txaus), me ntsis ntawm perfboard, thiab qee daim ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab pob tshab rau rwb thaiv tsev. Cias txiav me ntsis ntawm perfboard mus rau sab hauv USB ntsaws, ntxiv xaim los ntawm lub qhov xaum kom ntsaws lub ntsaws yuav tsis rub lawv tawm thiab yuav tso cai rau lawv hu rau +5V thiab txuas hauv av hauv qhov ntsaws (saib cov pinouts ntawm " Ua Circuit Court "kauj ruam rau kev sib txuas twg yog qhov twg). Tom qab ntawd txiav qee cov yeeb yaj kiab kom pom tseeb kom npog ib sab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib kom cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav tsis luv tawm tsam lub cev hlau ntawm lub ntsaws. Khaws cov kab lus no tso rau hauv USB ntsaws, thiab lees paub nrog koj lub multimeter tias cov xov hlau ua kev sib cuag tau zoo thiab tsis luv. Nov yog yuav ua li cas USB lava teeb tau txuas nrog rau hauv Circuit Court. Txog qhov haujlwm no, ua ob qho ntawm cov txiv neej txom nyem no ntsaws taub hau-rau-lub taub hau ntawm tib qhov me me ntawm perfboard (saib daim duab). Thaum lub sijhawm sib dhos ua ke, koj yuav pom li cas rooj plaub tuav ob lub USB ntsaws ntawm lub txuas no.

Kauj Ruam 4: Txiav daim ntawv thiab Perfboard

Xam tawm qhov txheej txheem ntawm koj qhov project hauv nws lub thawv. Kuv siv cov Altoids tin nrov. Laum ib lub qhov tom qab ntawm Altoids tin rau qhov loj rau/tawm SPST hloov, ib qho nyob rau sab xub ntiag rau cov keyboard USB cable, thiab ob lub qhov nyob rau sab rau USB lava teeb ntsaws. Txiav qhov qhov me me nrog lub dremel txiav tawm lub log lossis tuav tes mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab sab qhov kom USB cables tuaj yeem haum (saib daim duab). Kab kab nrog kab xev txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txiav cov hlua. Txiav txim siab ntawm qhov zoo ntawm koj lub perfboard rau koj lub Circuit Court thiab txiav tawm cov duab ntawd nrog cov cuab yeej dremel. Qhov no yuav yog qhov ua kom haum zoo nkauj…

Kauj ruam 5: Ua Circuit Court

Lub plawv ntawm txoj haujlwm no tsuas yog siv software los hloov cov keyboard LEDs, thiab nyiag cov LEDs los hloov cov dej loj. Kuv yuav tsum hais txog ntawm no tias qee qhov LED tau hloov los ntawm kev siv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo rau anode, thaum lwm qhov kev sib txuas (zoo li ib qho hauv cov keyboard no) ntab LED anode siab (yog li LED tawm) thiab khi cov cathode ntawm LED rau hauv av thaum nws tau qhib (rub-down hloov). Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov Circuit Court no los ua haujlwm nrog ib qho twg, tab sis kuv yuav kos duab qhov tsis zoo khi txoj hauv kev. LED raug tua (teeb siab) tig rau lub transistor hloov, uas kaw qhov txuas, thiab thaum kawg lub lava teeb tau qhib. Qhov no txhais tau tias software hloov pauv rau lub teeb yuav thim rov qab los ntawm LED. Kuv yoog lub voj voog los ntawm cua daj cua dub, tab sis nws yog ua raws qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv yooj yim raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv hluav taws xob feem ntau (p. 50 hauv Mimm phau ntawv, lossis ntawm wikipedia). Kuv tau suav nrog ktechlab cov ntaub ntawv yog li koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas lub transistor hloov ua haujlwm, thiab tag nrho cov phiaj xwm (hauv svg thiab-p.webp

Kauj Ruam 6: Xim USB Lava Teeb

Ua kom pom tseeb USB lava teeb xim los ntawm kev pleev xim ib thaj ntawm zaj duab xis saum taub hau nrog cov cim liab lossis ntsuab, tom qab ntawd txiav tawm lub voj voog kom ntxig rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb thiab chav "lava". Sib sau ua ke lava teeb.

Kauj Ruam 7: Rooj Sib Tham Kawg

Altoids tins ua cov ntaub thaiv zoo. Lawv ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tab sis lawv hmoov tsis yog cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab yuav luv luv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, txiav cov duab los qhia thiab zaj duab xis kom pom qhov loj me ntawm cov tin, thiab kom haum nruab nrab ntawm cov keyboard Circuit Board thiab koj daim duab. Ntxig qhov hloov pauv hauv lub qhov nraub qaum hauv koj lub tin. Ntxig USB ntsaws mated rau tus neeg pluag txiv neej USB txuas rau hauv lub qhov ntsaum txiav rau sab kom lub tin tuav cov ntsaws rau hauv qhov txuas. Cram nyob rau hauv perfboard thiab khaws cov keyboard Circuit, insulate nrog cov duab los qhia thiab zaj duab xis pob tshab. Sim kaw lub tin (peb tsis tshua haum).

Kauj ruam 8: Code

Lub teeb lava yuav raug tswj los ntawm kev hu xov tooj mus rau "teeb tsa" qhov haujlwm uas yuav qhib thiab kaw lub capslock thiab nqes xauv LEDs. Ntsuas nws los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no los ntawm kab hais kom ua (ua tau raws li hauv paus, nyob ntawm koj teeb tsa) kom ua rau koj lub teeb ntsais: teeb tsa -L -caps +scroll < /dev /tty0; pw 3s; teeb tsa -L +lub kaus mom -scroll < /dev /tty0; tsaug 3; setleds -L </dev/tty0 tawg qhov no:#Txhawm rau qhib lub teeb liab: teeb tsa -L -caps +scroll </dev/tty0#tig rau lub teeb ntsuab: teeb -L +lub kaus mom -scroll </dev/ tty0#rov qab mus rau lub xeev qhov twg LEDs tso saib cov keyboard teeb tsa teeb tsa -L </dev/tty0Koj tuaj yeem suav cov kev hu xov tooj no hauv koj tus kheej txoj haujlwm, lossis siv phython unit test module uas Chris sau raws li PyUnit chav kuaj ntsuas tsim rau hauv sej. Tsuas yog unpack cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tar archive (tar -xzvf lava_unittest.tar.gz los ntawm lub console) thiab sim cov lus txib hauv qab no los ntawm lub console: python lava_unittest.py test_lava_unittest-passpython lava_unittest.py test_lava_unittest-failorpython test_lava_unittest-test fail.pyTo khiav los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg emulators, uncomment cov lus ceeb toom-flagged kab thiab sim khiav itas cag los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg emulator. With no code, txhua tus yuav tsum tau ua yog sib pauv piv txwv ntawm "unittest" nrog "lava_unittest" hauv Python tsab ntawv sau rau kuaj ntsuas. Tsis tas yuav rov sau dua tshiab.

Kauj Ruam 9: Ntim Zoo Nkauj

Txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no, ua thiab luam tawm koj tus kheej daim ntawv lossis siv cov duab suav nrog (qhib tag nrho cov duab secong loj lossis cov ntaub ntawv xcf nrog gimp). Cias muab tshuaj txhuam rau ntawm lub hau ntawm koj lub USB zoo lava tswj lub teeb.