Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Siab Hloov Lub Hwj Huam Fais Fab (SMPS)/Boost Converter rau Nixie Tubes: 6 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Qhov SMPS no txhawb qhov hluav taws xob qis (5-20 volts) mus rau qhov hluav taws xob siab xav tau los tsav nixie hlab (170-200 volts). Ceeb toom: txawm hais tias qhov kev sib tw me me no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm roj teeb/hluav taws xob qis-phab ntsa-worts, cov zis ntau tshaj li txaus tua koj!

Txoj haujlwm suav nrog: Tus Pab Cuam Tshuam EagleCAD CCT & PCB cov ntaub ntawv MikroBasic Firmware Source

Kauj Ruam 1: Nws Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?

Kev tsim qauv no yog ua raws Microchip Application Note TB053 nrog ntau qhov kev hloov kho raws li kev paub ntawm Neonixie-L cov tswv cuab (https://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEONIXIE-L/). Tau txais daim ntawv thov app - nws yog qhov nyeem tau zoo ntawm tsuas yog ob peb nplooj ntawv: (https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/91053b.pdf) Cov duab hauv qab no yog sau los ntawm TB053. Nws qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tom qab SMPS. Tus tswj hwm microcontroller ua rau FET (Q1), tso cai them tus nqi los tsim cov inductor L1. Thaum FET raug kaw, tus nqi ntws los ntawm diode D1 rau hauv lub capacitor C1. Vvfb yog lub tswv yim faib hluav taws xob uas tso cai rau lub microcontroller los saib xyuas qhov hluav taws xob siab thiab qhib FET raws li xav tau los tswj lub zog xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua

Txawm hais tias zoo heev, Microchip app ceeb toom zoo li rov qab me ntsis rau kuv. Nws pib los ntawm kev txiav txim siab lub zog xav tau, tom qab ntawd xaiv lub inductor them lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov khoom siv inductors. Kuv pom nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los xaiv tus inductor thiab tsim daim ntawv thov ib puag ncig ntawd. Qhov inductors kuv siv yog "C&D Technologies Inductors RADIAL LEAD 100uH" (Mouser ntu 580-18R104C, 1.2 amp, $ 1.40), (Mouser ntu 580-22R104C, 0.67 pib, $ 0.59). Kuv xaiv cov inductors vim tias lawv me me heev, pheej yig heev, tseem muaj lub zog tsim nyog ntsuas. Peb twb paub qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov kauj (0.67 amps rau 22R104C), tab sis peb yuav tsum paub ntev npaum li cas nws yuav siv sijhawm them (sijhawm nce). Ntau dua li siv lub sijhawm them tas (saib kab zauv 6 hauv TB053) txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov kauj amps, peb tuaj yeem nug cov lus sib npaug 6 thiab daws rau lub sijhawm nce: (ceeb toom: kab zauv 6 hauv TB053 tsis yog lawm, nws yuav tsum yog L, tsis yog 2L) (Volts in/Inductor uH)*rise_time = Peak Amps -becomes- (Inductor uH/Volts in)*Peak Amps = nce lub sijhawm.-siv 22R104C nrog 5 volt mov muab cov hauv qab no- (100/5)*0.67 = 13.5uSIt yuav siv 13.5 uS kom them tag nrho cov inductor kauj ntawm 5 volts. Pom tseeb, tus nqi no yuav sib txawv nrog cov khoom siv sib txawv. Raws li tau sau tseg hauv TB053: "Tam sim no hauv lub inductor tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tam sim ntawd. Thaum Q1 raug kaw, tam sim no hauv L1 txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm D1 mus rau lub peev txheej cia, C1, thiab lub nra, RL. Yog li, qhov tam sim no hauv inductor txo qis linearly nyob rau lub sijhawm los ntawm qhov siab tshaj tam sim no. "Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub sijhawm nws siv sijhawm tam sim no kom ntws tawm ntawm qhov inductor siv TB05 sib npaug 7. Hauv kev xyaum lub sijhawm no luv heev. Qhov sib npaug no tau ua tiav hauv cov ntawv nthuav qhia, tab sis yuav tsis tham txog ntawm no. Peb muaj peev xwm npaum li cas peb tuaj yeem tawm ntawm 0.67 amp inductor? Lub zog tag nrho yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kab zauv hauv qab no (tb053 equation 5): Fais fab = (((nce lub sijhawm)**(Volts in)^{2)/(2*Inductor uH))}-siv peb qhov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los peb pom-1.68 Watts = (13.5uS*5volts^2)/(2*100uH)-convert watts rau mA-mA = ((Watts Fais fab)/(tso zis volts))*1000-siv qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm 180 peb pom-9.31mA = (1.68Watts/180volts)*1000We tuaj yeem tau txais qhov siab tshaj ntawm 9.31 mA los ntawm cov kauj no nrog 5 volt mov, tsis quav ntsej txhua qhov ua tsis tau zoo thiab hloov pauv. Lub zog loj dua tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev nce lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov kev suav no suav nrog hauv "Table 1: Coil Calculations for High Voltage Power Supply" ntawm daim ntawv nthuav qhia nrog rau cov lus qhia no. Ntau qhov piv txwv coils tau nkag mus.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsav SMPS Nrog Microcontroller

Tam sim no peb tau suav lub sijhawm nce rau peb cov kauj peb tuaj yeem tsim kho lub microcontroller kom them nws ntev txaus kom mus txog nws qhov ntsuas mA. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag dav dav hloov pauv ntawm PIC. Pulse dav tes taws los piav (PWM) muaj ob qhov sib txawv tau piav qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm PIC tig rau FET, tsaws nws thiab tso cai rau tam sim no rau hauv cov kauj inductor (nce sijhawm). Thaum lub sijhawm tseem tshuav ntawm FET raug kaw thiab tam sim no ntws tawm ntawm tus inductor los ntawm lub diode mus rau lub capacitors thiab thauj khoom (lub sijhawm poob). Peb twb paub lub sijhawm xav tau nce los ntawm peb qhov kev suav yav dhau los: 13.5uS. TB053 qhia tias lub sijhawm nce yog 75% ntawm lub sijhawm. Kuv txiav txim siab kuv lub sijhawm tus nqi los ntawm kev sib tw nce lub sijhawm los ntawm 1.33: 17.9uS. Qhov no zoo ib yam nrog cov lus pom hauv TB053 thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias tus inductor nyob hauv hom tsis txuas ntxiv dis € tshem tawm tag nrho tom qab txhua tus nqi. Nws yog qhov ua tau los xam lub sijhawm tseeb dua los ntawm kev ntxiv lub sijhawm suav suav rau lub sijhawm caij nplooj zeeg, tab sis kuv tsis tau sim qhov no. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab lub sijhawm tseem ceeb nkag mus rau hauv lub microcontroller kom tau txais lub sijhawm xav tau. Hauv Microchip PIC Mid-range phau ntawv peb pom cov kab zauv hauv qab no (https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/33023a.pdf):PWM Duty Cycle uS = (10 ntsis Duty Cycle Value) * (1 / oscillator Zaus) * Prescaler Yog tias peb teeb tsa prescaler rau 1 thiab tuav qhov kev ua zauv no nrog tus lej algebra peb tau txais: 10 ntsis Duty Cycle Value = PWM Duty Cycle uS * Oscillator FrequencySubstut Duty Cycle uS rau suav lub sijhawm, thiab xav tias yog 8 Mhz oscillator zaus: 107 = 13.5uS * 8Mhz107 tau nkag mus rau hauv PIC kom tau txais lub luag haujlwm ntawm 13.5uS. Ntau, peb txiav txim siab PWM Lub Sijhawm Tus Nqi. Los ntawm Mid-Range Manual peb tau txais cov kab zauv hauv qab no: PWM lub sijhawm uS = ((PWM lub sijhawm tus nqi) + 1) * 4 * (1/oscillator zaus) * (prescale tus nqi) Ib zaug ntxiv, peb teeb tsa prescaler rau 1 thiab ua phem rau cov kab zauv rau PWM lub sijhawm tus nqi, muab rau peb: PWM lub sijhawm tus nqi = ((PWM Lub Sijhawm uS/(4/Oscillator zaus))-1) Hloov Sijhawm uS rau (1.33*sijhawm nce), thiab xav tias 8 Mhz oscillator zaus: 35 = ((17.9/(4/8))-1) 35 tau nkag mus rau hauv PIC kom tau txais lub sijhawm ntawm 17.9uS. Tab sis tos! Puas yog lub sijhawm luv dua li lub voj voog ua haujlwm? Tsis yog - PICs muaj daim ntawv teev npe 10 lub luag haujlwm thiab 8 lub sijhawm rau npe me ntsis. Muaj kev daws teeb meem ntau dua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub luag haujlwm, yog li nws tus nqi qee zaum yuav loj dua tus nqi lub sijhawm - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv qhov ntau zaus. Ntau qhov piv txwv coils tau nkag mus.

Kauj Ruam 4: PCB Tsim

PCB & CCT nyob hauv EagleCad hom. Ob qho no suav nrog ZIP cov ntawv khaws cia.

Kuv tau saib ntau qhov qauv tsim tam sim no thaum ua PCB no. Nov yog kuv cov ntawv sau tseg: cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tsim: 1. Kuv ua raws Microchip APP ceeb toom thiab siv TC4427A los tsav FET. Qhov no A) tiv thaiv microcontroller los ntawm kev rov qab hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm FET, thiab B) tuaj yeem tsav FET ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua li PIC kom nrawm dua/hloov pauv tau zoo dua qub. 2. Qhov nrug ntawm PWM ntawm PIC mus rau FET yog qhov tsawg. 3. FET, inductor, capacitors ntim tau nruj heev. 4. Cov rog rog taug qab. 5. Cov av zoo nruab nrab ntawm FET thiab phab ntsa-wort qhov txuas. Kuv xaiv PIC 12F683 microcontroller rau txoj haujlwm no. Qhov no yog 8 tus pin PIC nrog kho vajtse PWM, 4 qhov sib piv rau cov hloov pauv digital, 8Mhz sab hauv oscillator, thiab 256 byte EEPROM. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Kuv muaj ib tus muaj los ntawm qhov haujlwm yav dhau los. Kuv siv IRF740 FET vim tias nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Neonixie-L daim ntawv teev npe. Muaj 2 lub tshuab hluav taws xob txhawm rau txhawm rau HV cov khoom siv. Ib qho yog electrolytic (qhov kub siab, 250 volts, 1uF), lwm qhov yog cov yeeb yaj kiab hlau (250 volts, 0.47uf). Qhov tom kawg yog qhov loj dua thiab kim dua ($ 0.50 vs $ 0.05), tab sis tsim nyog kom tau txais txiaj ntsig huv. Muaj ob qhov kev tawm tswv yim hluav taws xob hauv qhov tsim no. Thawj qhov tso cai rau PIC kom nkag siab qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm thiab siv cov pa taws mus rau FET raws li xav tau los tswj hwm qib uas xav tau. "Table3. High Voltage Feedback Network Calculations" tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov kev tawm tswv yim raug muab 3 resistor qhov faib hluav taws xob thiab qhov xav tau tso zis hluav taws xob. Kev kho kom raug yog ua tiav nrog 1k trimmer resistor. Qhov kev tawm tswv yim thib ob ntsuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom PIC tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub sijhawm nce siab (thiab lub sijhawm/lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb). Los ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv qib 1 peb pom tias lub inductor nce lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus tau qhov txiaj ntsig tseeb los ntawm daim ntawv nthuav tawm rau hauv koj li PIC, tab sis yog tias lub zog hloov pauv qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo dua. Yog tias khiav los ntawm roj teeb, qhov hluav taws xob yuav txo qis raws li cov roj teeb tso tawm xav tau lub sijhawm ntev dua. Kuv qhov kev daws teeb meem yog kom PIC suav tag nrho cov no thiab teeb nws tus kheej qhov muaj txiaj ntsig (saib firmware). Peb tus pin jumper xaiv cov khoom siv rau TC4427A thiab inductor kauj. Nws tuaj yeem khiav ob qho los ntawm 7805 5 tus tswj hwm hluav taws xob, tab sis kev ua tau zoo dua thiab tso zis ntau dua yog ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj dua. Ob lub TC4427a thiab IRF740 FET yuav tiv taus txog ~ 20 volts. Txij li PIC yuav ntsuas ntsuas rau ib qho kev muab hluav taws xob nws ua rau nkag siab los pub cov no ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm roj teeb - tsis tas yuav nkim lub zog hauv 7805, tsuas yog pub lub inductor ncaj qha los ntawm cov cell. Cov LEDs yog xaiv tau, tab sis siv tau rau teeb meem tua. Qhov 'sab laug' LED (daj hauv kuv cov laug cam) qhia tias HV cov lus tawm tswv yim nyob hauv qab qhov xav tau, thaum txoj cai LED (liab hauv kuv tus qauv) qhia tias nws dhau lawm. Hauv kev xyaum koj tau txais txiaj ntsig PWM zoo nyob rau hauv uas LEDS ci hauv qhov sib piv piv rau qhov tam sim no. Yog tias liab LED tig (khoom) tawm nws qhia tias, txawm hais tias nws tau siv zog zoo tshaj plaws, PIC tsis tuaj yeem khaws qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm qib xav tau. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev thauj khoom ntau tshaj SMPS cov zis ntau tshaj. Tsis txhob hnov qab JUMPER WIRES SHOW IN RED! Cov Npe Tus Nqi C1 1uF 250V C3 47uF 50V C4 47uF (50V) C5 0.1uF C6.1uf C7 4u7 (50V) C8 0.1uF C9 0.1uF C11 0.47uF/250V D1 600V 250ns IC2 TC4427a IC5 7805 5volt regulator IC7 PIC 12F683 (22R104C) LED1 LED2 Q1 IRF740 R1 120K R2 0.47K R3 1K Linear Trimmer R4 330 Ohm R5 100K R6 330 Ohm R7 10K SV1 3 Pin Header X2 3 Ntsia Hlau Terminal

Kauj ruam 5: Firmware

Lub khoos phis tawj tau sau hauv MikroBasic, tus muab tso ua ke yog pub dawb rau cov program txog li 2K (https://www.mikroe.com/). Yog tias koj xav tau PIC programmer, xav txog kuv qhov kev txhim kho JDM2 programmer board kuj tau tshaj tawm ntawm cov lus qhia (https://www.instructables.com/ex/i/6D80A0F6DA311028931A001143E7E506/?ALLSTEPS). Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim: 1. Thaum siv lub zog PIC pib. 2. PIC qeeb rau 1 thib ob kom tso cai rau lub zog kom ruaj khov. 3. PIC nyeem cov lus tawm tswv yim hluav taws xob thiab suav qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. 4. PIC sau ADC kev nyeem ntawv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lub sijhawm rau EEPROM. Qhov no tso cai rau qee qhov teeb meem tua thiab pab txheeb xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj loj. EEPROM chaw nyob 0 yog tus taw tes sau. Ib qho 4 byte cav tau txais kev cawmdim txhua lub sijhawm SMPS tau rov pib dua. Thawj 2 bytes yog ADC siab/qis, thib peb byte qis dua 8 cov khoom ntawm tus nqi voj voog, plaub byte yog lub sijhawm. Tag nrho 50 qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas (200 bytes) tau nkag mus ua ntej sau tus taw tes tig rov qab thiab pib dua ntawm EEPROM chaw nyob 1. Lub cav tsis ntev los no yuav nyob ntawm tus pointer-4. Cov no tuaj yeem nyeem tawm ntawm lub nti siv PIC programmer. Sab saud 55 bytes tau tso dawb rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej (saib kev txhim kho). 5. PIC nkag mus rau qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg - qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab tau ntsuas. Yog tias nws qis dua qhov xav tau tus lej PWM lub luag haujlwm rau npe tau thauj khoom nrog tus lej suav - NCO TSEG: qis dua ob qho me me yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv CPP1CON 5: 4, sab saud 8 khoom mus rau hauv CRP1L. Yog tias cov lus tawm tswv yim siab dua qhov xav tau, PIC thauj lub luag haujlwm rau npe nrog 0. Qhov no yog qhov 'mem tes hla' qhov system. Kuv txiav txim siab ntawm mem tes hla rau ob qhov laj thawj: 1) ntawm qhov kev sib txawv siab tsis muaj ntau txoj haujlwm dav los ua si nrog (0-107 hauv peb qhov piv txwv, tsawg dua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua), thiab 2) kev hloov pauv zaus yog ua tau, thiab muab ntau chav ntxiv rau kev hloov kho (35-255 hauv peb qhov piv txwv), tab sis XAUS LUAG LUAM YUAV TSUM MUAJ NYIAJ YUAV TSUM NYOB HAUV HARDWARE. Hloov pauv zaus thaum PWM ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam 'coj txawv txawv'. Siv lub khoos phis tawj: Ob peb qib ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv lub firmware. Cov txiaj ntsig no yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke hauv cov firmware. Qee cov kauj ruam yog xaiv tau, tab sis yuav pab koj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm koj lub zog siv. const v_ref as float = 5.1 'float const supply_ratio as float = 11.35' float const osc_freq as float = 8 'float const L_Ipeak as float = 67' float const fb_value as word = 290 'word Cov nqi no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm firmware chaws. Nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb thiab teeb raws li hauv qab no. v_ref Qhov no yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm ADC. Qhov no xav tau los txiav txim siab qhov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob kom suav nrog hauv cov kab zauv tau piav qhia hauv qib 1. Yog tias PIC khiav los ntawm 7805 5volt tus tswj hwm peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias nyob ib puag ncig 5 volts. Siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm PIC fais fab tus lej (PIN1) thiab hauv av ntawm cov ntsia hlau dav hlau. Kuv tus nqi tseeb yog 5.1 volts. Ntaus tus nqi no. supply_ratio Qhov faib hluav taws xob faib muaj 100K thiab 10K resistor. Hauv kev xav, cov lus tawm tswv yim yuav tsum sib npaug qhov muab hluav taws xob faib ua 11 (saib Cov Lus 5. Hauv kev coj ua, cov neeg tawm tsam muaj ntau yam kev zam thiab tsis yog qhov tseeb. Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov tseeb tawm tswv yim sib piv: 1. Ntsuas qhov muab hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsia hlau txuas. 2. Ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm PIC tus pin 7 thiab hauv av ntawm cov ntsia hlau dav hlau. 3. Divide Supply V los ntawm FB V kom tau txais qhov sib piv tseeb. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv "Table 6. Muab Voltage Feedback Calibration". osc_freq Cias oscillator zaus. Kuv siv 12F683 sab hauv 8Mhz oscillator, yog li kuv nkag tus nqi ntawm 8. L_Ipeak Multiply inductor coil uH los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txuas mus ntxiv kom tau txais tus nqi no. Hauv qhov piv txwv 22r104C yog 100uH kauj nrog ntsuas ntawm.67amps txuas ntxiv. 100*.67 = 67. Sib npaug tus nqi ntawm no tshem tawm ib qho 32 ntsis ntab ntab sib txawv thiab kev suav uas tsis tas li yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm PIC. Tus nqi no yog xam hauv "Table 1: Coil Calculations for High Voltage Power Supply". fb_value Qhov no yog tus lej ua tiav tus lej PIC yuav siv los txiav txim siab yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob tso tawm siab dua lossis qis dua qib uas xav tau. Siv Rooj 3 los txiav txim siab qhov sib piv nruab nrab ntawm HV cov zis thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim thaum lub tshuab txiav tawm kab nyob hauv txoj haujlwm nruab nrab. Siv tus nqi nruab nrab muab chav hloov kho ntawm ob sab. Tom ntej no, nkag mus rau qhov sib piv no thiab koj qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tseeb hauv "Table 4. High Voltage Feedback ADC Set Value" los txiav txim siab fb_value. Tom qab koj pom cov txiaj ntsig no nkag mus rau hauv cov cai thiab suav sau. Hlawv HEX rau PIC thiab koj npaj txhij mus! NCO NTSOOV: EEPROM byte 0 yog lub cav sau tus taw tes. Teeb nws rau 1 kom pib nkag mus rau byte 1 ntawm daim duab tshiab. Vim tias kev ntsuas ntsuas, FET thiab inductor yuav tsum tsis txhob sov. Koj yuav tsum tsis hnov lub suab nrov nrov los ntawm lub kauj inductor. Ob qhov xwm txheej no qhia txog kev ntsuas ntsuas tsis raug. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nkag hauv EEPROM txhawm rau pab txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem koj nyob qhov twg.

Kauj Ruam 6: Kev txhim kho

Ob peb yam tuaj yeem txhim kho:

1. Tus ntsia hlau lub davhlau ya nyob twg ze rau FET kom zoo dua hauv av. 2. Fatten cov khoom seem rau lub capacitors thiab inductor. 3. Txhob siv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ruaj khov txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm los ntawm roj teeb thiab muab hluav taws xob tsawg dua 7 volts (qhov tso tawm ntawm 7805 poob qis dua 5 volts). 4. Us siab tshaj 55 EEPROM bytes txhawm rau nkag mus rau qhov ntxim nyiam me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - tag nrho cov sijhawm khiav, cov xwm txheej dhau los, min/max/nruab nrab load. -ian qhia ntawv-ntawm-qhov chaw-dot-com