2 Cell NiMH Roj Teeb Tiv Thaiv Circuit (s): 8 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:30

Yog tias koj tuaj ntawm no, tej zaum koj paub, vim li cas. Yog tias txhua yam koj xav pom yog kev daws teeb meem sai, tom qab ntawd dhia mus rau tom ntej mus rau qib 4, uas qhia meej txog qhov Circuit Court kuv tau siv tas, kuv tus kheej. Tab sis yog tias koj tsis paub meej, txawm tias koj xav tau qhov kev daws teeb meem no lossis lwm yam ntxiv, koj xav paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau, lossis koj tsuas yog txaus siab mus ntsib qee qhov chaw nthuav ntawm kuv lub voyage ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, ntawm no yog cov lus piav qhia:

Teeb meem

Koj muaj qee qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas koj xav kom siv hluav taws xob rov qab tau. LiPo yog lub roj teeb thev naus laus zis du jour, tab sis cov roj teeb lithium tseem coj qee tus cwj pwm tsis zoo xws li tsis muaj lub khw muag khoom-npaj cov qauv txheej txheem, xav tau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb (ib qho rau txhua daim ntawv foos), thiab coj zoo li poj niam ua yeeb yam tiag thaum ua phem (tua hluav taws), thiab lwm yam). Hauv kev sib piv, NiMH cov roj teeb muaj nyob hauv cov qauv txheej txheem los ntawm AA rau AAA rau ib qho twg, lub ntsiab lus koj tuaj yeem siv tib lub roj teeb rau koj lub koob yees duab digital, koj lub teeb nyem, koj lub tsheb RC khoom ua si, thiab koj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob diy. Qhov tseeb, tej zaum koj yuav muaj pawg ntawm lawv pw ib puag ncig, txawm li cas los xij. Lawv kuj tseem muaj npe tsawg dua rau ua rau muaj teeb meem, tshwj tsis yog, ib yam uas lawv tsis nyiam tiag tiag yog tau "tso tawm tob".

Qhov teeb meem no ua rau hnyav dua, yog tias koj siv "nce qib hloov pauv hloov pauv" txhawm rau ua kom koj qhov hluav taws xob nkag mus - hais rau 5V rau lub zog rau arduino. Thaum koj lub tsheb RC yuav txav qeeb thiab qeeb dua vim tias koj lub roj teeb tau ploj mus, tus hloov pauv phaus yuav siv zog ua kom qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm tas li, txawm tias lub zog nkag tau qis qis, thiab yog li koj tuaj yeem nqus ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob kawg ntawm koj lub roj teeb., yam tsis pom qhov teeb meem.

Yog li thaum twg koj yuav tsum tso tseg?

Ib lub xov tooj NiMH uas tau them tag nrho muaj qhov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig ntawm 1.3V (txog 1.4V). Rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub voj voog ua haujlwm, nws yuav muab kwv yees li 1.2V (nws qhov hluav taws xob nominal), poob qis. Nyob ze ntawm qhov ua tsis tiav, qhov poob qhov hluav taws xob yuav dhau mus heev. Feem ntau pom cov lus pom zoo yog tso tseg qhov chaw tso tawm ntawm 0.8V thiab 1V, nyob rau lub sijhawm twg uas feem ntau ntawm cov nqi yuav tau siv, txawm li cas los xij (nrog ntau yam cuam tshuam rau tus lej tseeb - Kuv yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv qhov nthuav dav ntxiv).

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav thawb qhov txwv, qhov xwm txheej koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog yog ua kom koj lub roj teeb qis dua 0V, nyob rau lub sijhawm twg nws yuav raug kev puas tsuaj loj (Ceeb toom: Nco ntsoov kuv tham txog NiMH hlwb, ntawm no; rau LiPos mus tas li) kev puas tsuaj yuav pib ntau dua ua ntej!). Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tshwm sim? Zoo, thaum koj muaj ntau lub NiMH hlwb ua ke, ib qho ntawm cov roj teeb tseem tseem yuav nyob ze rau nws qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thaum lwm tus twb twb tag lawm. Tam sim no cov xov tooj ntawm tes zoo yuav txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv tam sim no los ntawm koj lub Circuit Court - thiab los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes khoob, ua rau nws qis dua 0V. Qhov xwm txheej no yooj yim nkag mus rau qhov zoo li nws zoo li xub xub pom: Nco ntsoov tias qhov hluav taws xob poob qis dua mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voog tso tawm. Yog li txawm tias qee qhov tseem ceeb me me sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm koj cov cell tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tom qab tso tawm. Tam sim no qhov teeb meem no tau tshwm sim ntau dua, ntau lub cell koj muab tso ua ke. Rau rooj plaub ntawm ob lub xov tooj, tham txog, ntawm no, peb tseem yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb kom tso tawm mus rau qhov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig 1.3V, uas yuav sib xws rau ib lub roj teeb ntawm 0V, thiab lwm qhov ntawm 1.3V, qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj. Tsis muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv kev mus rau qhov qis no, txawm li cas los xij (thiab raws li peb yuav pom, uas yuav nyuaj rau ua tiav). Raws li tus ciam teb sab saud, txawm li cas los xij, nres txhua qhov chaw siab dua 2V yuav zoo li nkim pov tseg (tab sis, AFAIU, tsis zoo li NiCd roj teeb, tso ib ntus ntau zaus tsis ua teeb meem rau roj teeb NiMH). Cov kab hluav taws xob feem ntau kuv yuav nthuav qhia yuav tsom me ntsis hauv qab no, mus txog 1.8V raws li kev txiav tawm.

Vim li cas ho tsis yooj yim siv qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tus kheej?

Vim tias tsis tshwm sim muaj nyob! Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj ntau rau suav cov lej siab dua. Ntawm peb lub NiMH hlwb koj tuaj yeem pib siv cov txheej txheem LiPo tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, thiab saum toj no, koj cov kev xaiv tsuas yog dav dua. Tab sis qhov hluav taws xob qis txiav tawm lossis qis dua 2V? Kuv rau ib qho tsis tuaj yeem pom ib qho.

Qhov kuv tab tom yuav nthuav qhia

Tam sim no, tsis txhob ntshai, Kuv yuav nthuav qhia koj nrog tsis yog ib qho tab sis plaub qhov kev sib tw yooj yim kom ua tiav qhov ntawd (ib qho ntawm txhua "kauj ruam" ntawm cov lus qhia no), thiab kuv yuav tham txog lawv kom ntxaws, yog li koj yuav paub yuav ua li cas thiab vim li cas thiaj hloov kho lawv, yog tias koj xav tias xav tau. Zoo, ua siab ncaj, Kuv tsis pom zoo kom siv kuv thawj zaug hauv Circuit, uas kuv tsuas yog suav nrog qhia txog lub tswv yim yooj yim. Kev Sib Txuas 2 thiab 3 ua haujlwm, tab sis xav tau ob peb yam ntxiv dua li Circuit 4, uas kuv tau siv tas, kuv tus kheej. Ib zaug ntxiv, yog tias koj tau tshaib plab nrog txoj kev xav, tsuas yog hla mus rau kauj ruam 4.

Kauj Ruam 1: Lub Tswv Yim Yooj Yim (Qhov Circuit Court No Tsis Pom Zoo!)

Cia peb pib nrog qhov yooj yim Circuit Court saum toj no. Kuv tsis pom zoo siv nws, thiab peb yuav tham txog vim li cas, tom qab ntawd, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los piav qhia cov tswv yim yooj yim, thiab tham txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas koj tseem yuav pom hauv cov kab hluav taws xob zoo dua, txuas ntxiv hauv cov lus qhia no. BTW, koj tseem tuaj yeem saib qhov kev sib tw no hauv qhov kev sim tag nrho hauv qhov kev sim online zoo los ntawm Paul Falstad thiab Iain Sharp. Ib ntawm ob peb yam uas tsis xav kom koj sau npe txhawm rau txuag thiab qhia koj txoj haujlwm. Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog cov kab dav dav hauv qab, tseem, Kuv yuav piav qhia cov nyob ze qhov kawg ntawm "kauj ruam" no.

Ok, yog li txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj lub roj teeb los ntawm kev ntws mus deb dhau, koj xav tau a) ib txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm lub nra, thiab b) ib txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thaum nws txog sijhawm ua li ntawd, piv txwv li thaum qhov hluav taws xob tau poob qis dhau lawm.

Yuav hloov pauv thiab thauj khoom li cas (T1, R1)?

Pib nrog thawj zaug, qhov kev daws teeb meem tshaj plaws yuav yog siv lub transistor (T1). Tab sis hom twg xaiv? Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tus transistor yog:

1. Nws yuav tsum ua siab ntev txaus rau koj daim ntawv thov. Yog tias koj xav tau kev tiv thaiv dav dav, tej zaum koj yuav xav txhawb nqa tsawg kawg 500mA, thiab siab dua.
2. Nws yuav tsum muab qhov tiv taus qis heev thaum hloov mus, yog li tsis txhob nyiag ntau dhau qhov hluav taws xob / lub zog los ntawm koj qhov khoom siv qis.
3. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv nrog qhov hluav taws xob koj muaj, piv txwv li qee yam me ntsis qis dua 2V.

Point 3, saum toj no yuav zoo li qhia txog BJT ("classic") transistor, tab sis muaj qhov teeb meem yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntawd: Thaum tso lub nra rau ntawm lub tshuab tso tawm, xws li lub hauv paus-tam sim no yuav muaj rau kev thauj khoom, koj yuav txo qis qhov muaj hluav taws xob los ntawm "Base-Emitter voltage drop". Feem ntau, uas nyob ib puag ncig 0.6V. Txwv tsis pub ntau, thaum tham txog 2V tag nrho cov khoom siv. Hauv kev sib piv, thaum tso lub nra rau ntawm tus neeg khaws khoom sab, koj yuav "nkim" txhua yam tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov teeb meem ntau hauv kev siv feem ntau, raws li lub hauv paus-tam sim no yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 100th ntawm tus neeg khaws khoom-tam sim no (nyob ntawm hom transistor), tsuas yog. Tab sis thaum tsim rau qhov tsis paub lossis hloov pauv, uas txhais tau tias nkim 1% ntawm koj qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws, tas mus li. Tsis zoo heev.

Yog li txiav txim siab MOSFET transistors, hloov pauv, cov no ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus 1 thiab 2, saum toj no, tab sis feem ntau hom xav tau ntau dua li 2V qhov rooj qhov hluav taws xob kom hloov mus, tag nrho. Nco tseg, qhov "pib qhov hluav taws xob" (V-GS- (th)) me ntsis qis dua 2V tsis txaus. Koj xav kom transistor nyob deb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 2V. Hmoov zoo muaj qee yam tsim nyog muaj, nrog qhov qis tshaj qhov rooj hluav taws xob feem ntau pom hauv P-channel MOSFETs (FET sib npaug ntawm PNP transistor). Thiab tseem yog koj qhov kev xaiv hom yuav raug txwv hnyav, thiab kuv thov txim uas tau ua txhaum rau koj, tsuas yog hom haum uas kuv tuaj yeem pom yog txhua yam SMD ntim. Txhawm rau pab koj hla qhov kev poob siab ntawd, ua tibzoo saib cov ntawv teev tseg rau IRLML6401, thiab qhia rau kuv tias koj tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb! IRLML6401 kuj tseem yog hom uas tau nthuav dav heev thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv no, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tso koj rov qab ntau dua ib ncig 20 xees ib thooj (tsawg dua thaum yuav khoom ntim lossis los ntawm Tuam Tshoj). Yog li koj tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm them taus qee yam ntawm cov ntawd - txawm hais tias txhua tus ntawm kuv tau muaj txoj sia nyob txawm tias qhov tseeb tias kuv yog tus pib ntawm SMD cov laug. Ntawm 1.8V ntawm lub qhov rooj nws muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm 0.125 Ohms. Zoo txaus tsav hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 500mA, yam tsis muaj cua sov (thiab siab dua, nrog cov cua sov tsim nyog).

Yog lawm, yog li IRLML6401 yog qhov peb yuav siv rau T1 hauv qhov no, thiab txhua qhov txuas hauv qab no. R1 tsuas yog muaj los rub lub rooj vag qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub neej ntawd (sib xws rau kev thauj khoom sib txuas; nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog P channel FET).

Peb xav tau dab tsi ntxiv?

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub lub roj teeb qis?

Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov feem ntau tau txiav tawm qhov txiav tawm hluav taws xob, peb siv lub teeb liab liab tsis raug raws li ib qho - piv txwv - qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm ib puag ncig 1.4V. Koj puas yuav tsum muaj Zener diode ntawm qhov tsim nyog siv hluav taws xob, uas yuav zoo dua, tab sis ib qho LED tseem zoo li muab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ruaj khov ntau dua li ob qho tib si silicon diodes ua ntu zus. R2 thiab R3 ua haujlwm rau a) txwv qhov tam sim no dhau los ntawm LED (nco ntsoov tias peb tsis xav tsim cov teeb pom kev pom tau), thiab b) txo qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm T2 ntxiv me ntsis. Koj tuaj yeem hloov R2 thiab R3 nrog lub hwj chim ntsuas hluav taws xob rau qhov hloov pauv me ntsis. Tam sim no, yog tias qhov hluav taws xob tuaj txog lub hauv paus ntawm T2 nyob ib puag ncig 0.5V lossis siab dua (txaus kom kov yeej lub hauv paus-emitter voltage poob ntawm T2), T2 yuav pib ua, rub lub qhov rooj ntawm T1 mus rau qis, thiab yog li txuas lub nra. BTW, T2 tuaj yeem xav tias yog koj lub vaj ntau yam: txawm li cas los xij me me teeb liab NPN transistor tshwm sim rau hauv koj lub cuab yeej, txawm hais tias lub siab ua haujlwm siab (hFe) yuav zoo dua.

Koj yuav xav tsis thoob vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau T2 txhua, thiab tsis yog txuas peb qhov kev siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv ntawm qhov av thiab T1 lub rooj vag tus pin. Zoo, qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: Peb xav kom hloov pauv sai thiab qhib sai li sai tau, vim tias peb xav kom zam T1 nyob rau hauv "ib nrab ntawm" lub xeev rau txhua lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv. Thaum ib nrab ntawm, T1 yuav ua raws li tus tiv thaiv, lub ntsiab lus qhov hluav taws xob yuav poob ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntws, tab sis tam sim no tseem ntws, thiab qhov no txhais tau tias T1 yuav sov dua. Npaum li cas nws yuav sov nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub nra. Yog tias - piv txwv li, nws yog 200 Ohms, tom qab ntawd, ntawm 2V, 10mA yuav ntws, thaum T1 ua tiav. Tam sim no lub xeev tsis zoo yog rau T1 qhov tsis kam ua kom sib haum rau 200 Ohms, lub ntsiab lus 1V yuav poob dua T1, qhov tam sim no yuav poob mus rau 5mA, thiab 5mW ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau yaj. Ncaj ncees txaus. Tab sis rau 2 Ohm load, T1 yuav tsum tau yaj 500mW, thiab qhov ntawd yog ntau rau cov cuab yeej me me. (Nws yog qhov tseeb hauv qhov tshwj xeeb rau IRLML6401, tab sis tsuas yog nrog cov cua sov tsim nyog, thiab hmoov zoo tsim rau qhov ntawd). Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nco ntsoov tias yog qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob nce qib tau txuas nrog ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, nws yuav nce cov tswv yim tam sim no los teb rau qhov poob qhov hluav taws xob, yog li ua rau peb cov teeb meem cua sov.

Nqa xov hauv tsev: Peb xav kom kev hloov pauv nruab nrab ntawm thiab tawm mus kom sai li sai tau. Qhov ntawd yog T2 yog txhua yam hais txog: Ua kom txoj kev hloov pauv tau meej dua. Tab sis yog T2 zoo txaus?

Vim li cas qhov Circuit Court no tsis txiav nws

Cia peb saib cov kab oscilloscope uas qhia hauv qab ntawm Circuit 1's simulation. Tej zaum koj yuav tau sau tseg tias kuv tso lub tshuab hluav taws xob daim duab peb sab los ntawm 0 txog 2.8 V, nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm peb cov roj teeb. Qhov no tsuas yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom pom qhov tshwm sim li cas lub roj teeb hluav taws xob (kab ntsuab sab saud) tab tom hloov pauv. Raws li qhia los ntawm kab daj, zoo li tsis muaj dej ntws tam sim no thaum qhov hluav taws xob qis dua ib puag ncig 1.9V. Zoo. Kev hloov pauv thaj tsam ntawm ib puag ncig 1.93V thiab 1.9V zoo li ntxaum ntawm qhov muag ua ntej, tab sis txiav txim siab peb tab tom tham txog lub roj teeb maj mam tso tawm, cov.3V tseem cuam tshuam ntau lub sijhawm siv nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho ntawm thiab tag nrho tawm. (Kab ntsuab nyob hauv qab qhia pom qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm T1).

Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi txawm tias tsis zoo txog qhov Circuit no, yog tias ib zaug txiav tawm, txawm tias rov zoo me ntsis hauv lub roj teeb qhov hluav taws xob yuav thawb lub Circuit Court rov qab rau hauv ib nrab xeev. Xav txog tias lub roj teeb hluav taws xob zoo li yuav rov zoo, me ntsis, thaum thauj khoom raug txiav tawm, qhov no txhais tau tias peb lub Circuit Court yuav nyob hauv lub xeev hloov mus ntev (thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom hauv Circuit Court tseem yuav nyob hauv ib nrab lub xeev tawg, muaj peev xwm xa Arduino dhau los ntawm ntau pua ntawm kev rov pib dua, piv txwv).

Qhov thib ob nqa xov hauv tsev: Peb tsis xav kom lub thauj khoom rov txuas tau sai dua, thaum lub roj teeb rov zoo.

Cia peb txav mus rau Kauj Ruam 2 rau txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov no.

Kauj Ruam 2: Ntxiv Hysteresis

Txij li qhov no yog Circuit Court, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsim, Kuv yuav muab cov npe ib feem rau cov ntu uas tsis pom tseeb los ntawm cov txheej txheem:

• T1: IRLML6401. Saib "Kauj Ruam 1" rau kev sib tham, vim li cas.
• T2: Ib qho teeb meem me me NPN transistor. Kuv siv BC547 thaum ntsuas qhov Circuit no. Ib hom twg xws li 2N2222, 2N3904 yuav tsum ua ib yam nkaus.
• T3: Txhua yam teeb liab me me PNP transistor. Kuv siv BC327 (tsis muaj BC548). Rov siv qhov twg los yam twg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau koj.
• C1: Hom tsis muaj teeb meem tiag tiag, cov khoom lag luam pheej yig yuav ua.
• LED yog tus qauv liab 5mm hom. Xim yog qhov tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias LED yuav tsis pom kev pom: Lub hom phiaj yog kom poob qhov tshwj xeeb. Koj yuav tsum yog tus tswv Zener diode nruab nrab ntawm 1V thiab 1.4V Zener voltage, siv qhov ntawd, hloov pauv (txuas nrog hauv kev rov qab polarity).
• R2 thiab R3 tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm 100k lub zog ntsuas hluav taws xob, rau kev kho kom raug ntawm qhov txiav tawm qhov hluav taws xob.
• "Teeb" tsuas yog sawv cev rau koj lub nra.
• Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm schematic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tiag tiag. Cov resistors yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tseeb lossis lawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog ntsuas tseem ceeb.

Dab tsi yog qhov kom zoo dua ntawm Circuit Court hla Circuit 1?

Saib ntawm cov kab uas muaj hauv qab no schematic (lossis khiav simulation koj tus kheej). Ib zaug ntxiv, kab ntsuab sab saud sib raug rau lub roj teeb hluav taws xob (ntawm no coj los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob daim duab peb sab kom yooj yim). Txoj kab daj sib haum rau cov dej ntws tam sim no. Cov kab ntsuab qis qhia qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub rooj vag T1.

Sib piv qhov no nrog cov kab uas nthuav dav rau Circuit 1, koj yuav nco ntsoov tias kev hloov pauv ntawm ntawm thiab tawm yog qhov pom tau ntau dua. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum saib ntawm T1 rooj vag qhov hluav taws xob hauv qab. Txoj hauv kev ua qhov no tshwm sim yog ntxiv cov lus tawm tswv yim zoo rau T2, ntawm qhov ntxiv T3 tshiab. Tab sis muaj lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (txawm hais tias koj xav tau lub qhov muag dav dav los pom nws): Thaum lub voj voog tshiab yuav txiav tawm qhov thauj khoom ib puag ncig 1.88V, nws yuav tsis (rov- txuas) thauj khoom kom txog thaum qhov hluav taws xob nce mus txog 1.94V. Cov cuab yeej no hu ua "hysteresis" yog lwm qhov khoom lag luam ntawm cov lus tawm tswv yim ntxiv. Thaum T3 yog "ntawm", nws yuav muab T2 lub hauv paus nrog rau qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntxiv, yog li txo qis qhov txiav tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum T3 twb tawm lawm, qhov pib rau tig rov qab yuav tsis qis qis ib yam. Qhov tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig yog tias lub Circuit Court yuav tsis hloov pauv ntawm qhov qhib thiab kaw, vim lub roj teeb hluav taws xob poob qis (nrog thauj khoom txuas), tom qab ntawd rov zoo li qub me ntsis (nrog thauj khoom sib txuas), tom qab ntawd poob … Zoo! Tus nqi pes tsawg ntawm hysteresis raug tswj los ntawm R4, nrog qis qhov tseem ceeb muab qhov sib txawv loj dua ntawm ntawm thiab tawm qhov pib.

BTW, kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no yog nyob ib puag ncig 3 microAmps (qis dua tus nqi tawm tus kheej), thiab cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thaum nyob ib puag ncig 30 microAmps.

Yog li C1 txhua yam hais txog dab tsi?

Zoo, C1 yog qhov kev xaiv ua tiav, tab sis kuv tseem zoo siab rau lub tswv yim: Yuav ua li cas thaum koj txuas lub roj teeb ntawm tes thaum lawv nyob ze ze, hais ntawm 1.92V? Thaum rov txuas lawv lawv yuav tsis muaj zog txaus kom rov qhib lub Circuit Court, txawm hais tias lawv tseem yuav zoo rau lwm lub sijhawm thaum tseem tab tom ua haujlwm. C1 yuav saib xyuas qhov ntawd: Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob nce, tam sim ntawd (txuas lub roj teeb rov qab), qhov me me tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm C1 (hla dhau LED), thiab ua rau luv luv tig rau. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob sib txuas tau siab dua qhov pib txiav tawm, cov lus tawm tswv yim yuav ua kom nws nce mus. Yog tias nws qis dua qhov txiav tawm, qhov Circuit Court yuav kaw sai sai, dua.

Excursus: Vim li cas ho tsis siv MAX713L rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis?

Koj yuav xav tsis thoob, yog tias ntau qhov no xav tau tiag tiag. Tsis muaj ib yam khoom npaj tau? Zoo MAX813L zoo li kev sib tw zoo rau kuv. Nws yog qhov pheej yig zoo nkauj, thiab yuav tsum zoo txaus los hloov T2, T3, LED, thiab R1, yam tsawg kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kuv pom txoj hauv kev nyuaj, MAX813L's "PFI" tus pin (lub zog tsis pom kev tawm tswv yim) muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo nkauj tsawg. Yog tias kuv tau siv qhov faib hluav taws xob saum toj no ib puag ncig 1k txhawm rau pub PFI, kev hloov pauv ntawm ntawm thiab tawm ntawm "PFO" yuav pib ncab ntau dua kaum tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Zoo, 1k sib raug rau 2mA qhov tam sim no thaum txiav tawm - txwv tsis pub ntau, thiab yuav luag ib txhiab zaug ntau npaum li qhov kev xav tau hauv Circuit no. Dhau li ntawm PFO tus pin yuav tsis viav vias ntawm hauv av thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau, yog li nrog chav me me taub hau peb muaj rau kev tsav peb lub zog transistor (T1), peb yuav tsum tau rov ntxig rau tus pabcuam NPN transistor, ib yam nkaus.

Kauj ruam 3: Variations

Ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tswv yim zoo peb tau qhia hauv Kauj Ruam 2 / Circuit 2. Ib qho uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no txawv ntawm qhov dhau los hauv ib zaug uas tawm, nws yuav tsis rov qhib dua ntawm lub roj teeb uas tau nce los ntawm nws tus kheej. Zoo ib zaug txog qhov kev txiav tawm mus txog qhov kawg, koj yuav tsum tau (pauv cov roj teeb, thiab) nias lub khawm laub xaiv (S2) txhawm rau pib nws, dua. Txog qhov ntsuas tau zoo kuv suav nrog lub laub thib ob kom tua lub Circuit Court, ntawm tus kheej. Qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov kab qhia pom tau yog kuv toggled lub Circuit Court rau, tawm, ntawm rau kev ua qauv qhia. Kev txiav tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis tshwm sim tau, tau kawg. Tsuas yog sim nws hauv qhov simulation, yog tias kuv tsis ua haujlwm zoo piav qhia nws.

Tam sim no cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no yog tias nws muab qhov kev txiav tawm nrawm tshaj plaws, ntawm cov kev sib txuas uas tau txiav txim siab txog tam sim no (ntawm qhov tseeb 1.82V hauv kev sim; hauv kev coj ua theem ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus yuav nyob ntawm qhov khoom siv, thiab yuav txawv nrog qhov kub lossis lwm yam, tab sis nws yuav ntse heev). Nws kuj tseem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thaum tawm mus rau qhov me me 18nA.

Cov txheej txheem ua kom yuam kev kom ua qhov no tshwm sim yog txav lub network siv hluav taws xob (LED, R2 thiab R3) los ntawm kev txuas ncaj qha rau lub roj teeb kom txuas nrog tom qab T2, xws li nws yuav raug tua nrog T2. Qhov no pab nrog lub ntsiab lus txiav tawm, vim tias thaum T2 pib kaw tsuas yog me me xwb, qhov hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv network kuj tseem yuav pib poob, ua rau muaj kev tawm tswv yim nrawm los ntawm kev ua kom tag nrho.

Tshem cov nyees khawm (yog tias koj xav tau)

Yog lawm, yog tias koj tsis nyiam thawb cov nyees khawm, tsuas yog tshem cov nyees khawm, tab sis txuas rau 1nF capacitor, thiab 10M Ohm resistor (tus nqi tseeb tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg peb lossis plaub zaug ntau dua R1) nyob rau hauv parallel los ntawm T1 lub rooj vag mus rau hauv av (qhov twg S2 yog). Tam sim no, thaum koj tso cov roj teeb tshiab, T1 lub qhov rooj yuav luv luv rub tawm (kom txog thaum C1 raug them), thiab yog li lub Circuit Court qhib, tau txais.

Daim ntawv teev npe

Raws li qhov no yog lwm qhov kev sib tw uas koj yuav xav tau tiag tiag: Cov khoom sib xws zoo ib yam li siv rau Circuit 2 (txuag rau qhov sib txawv resistor qhov tseem ceeb raws li pom tseeb los ntawm cov txheej txheem). Qhov tseem ceeb, T1 tseem yog IRLML6401, thaum T2 thiab T3 yog ib qho teeb meem me me NPN thiab PNP transistors, feem.

Kauj ruam 4: Yooj Yim

Cov voj voog 2 thiab 3 yog qhov zoo kiag li, yog tias koj nug kuv, tab sis kuv xav tsis thoob, seb kuv puas tuaj yeem ua nrog tsawg dua. Lub tswv yim, cov lus tawm tswv yim tsav tsheb 2 thiab 3 tsuas yog xav tau ob lub transistors (T2 thiab T3 hauv cov), tab sis lawv kuj muaj T1, cais, rau kev tswj hwm lub nra. T1 puas tuaj yeem siv ua ib feem ntawm cov lus tawm tswv yim?

Yog, nrog qee qhov cuam tshuam nthuav: Txawm tias thaum nyob, T1 yuav muaj qis, tab sis tsis xoom tiv. Yog li ntawd, qhov hluav taws xob tau poob thoob plaws T1, ntau dua rau cov dej siab dua. Nrog lub hauv paus ntawm T2 txuas tom qab T1, qhov hluav taws xob poob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit. Rau ib yam, kev thauj khoom ntau dua yuav txhais tau tias txiav tawm qhov hluav taws xob siab dua. Raws li kev sim (NCO TSEG: kom yooj yim sim, Kuv pauv C1 rau lub laub khawm, ntawm no), rau 4 Ohms thauj khoom, kev txiav tawm yog 1.95V, rau 8 Ohms ntawm 1.8V, rau 32 Ohms ntawm 1.66V thiab rau 1k Ohm ntawm 1.58V. Tshaj ntawd nws tsis hloov ntau. (Lub neej tiag tiag qhov sib txawv yuav txawv ntawm qhov kev sim nyob ntawm koj tus qauv T1, tus qauv yuav zoo ib yam). Tag nrho cov kev txiav tawm yog nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb txwv (saib kev taw qhia), tab sis lees paub, qhov no tsis zoo tagnrho. Cov roj teeb NiMH (thiab cov hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb) yuav qhia qhov hluav taws xob poob sai rau kev tso tawm sai, thiab qhov zoo tshaj, rau kev tso tawm siab, qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm yuav tsum qis dua, tsis siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm tib lub cim, qhov Circuit no muab kev tiv thaiv luv Circuit Court zoo.

Ua tib zoo nyeem cov ntawv tseem yuav tau sau tseg tias qhov kev txiav tawm uas pom hauv kab kab zoo li ntiav, piv rau Circuit 1. Qhov no tsis txhob txhawj, txawm li cas los xij. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias lub Circuit Court yuav txiav txim siab ntawm 1/10 thib ob kom kaw, tag nrho, txawm li cas los xij qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, qhov kev kaw haujlwm tshwm sim, tseem raug txwv nruj me ntsis (hauv kev sim koj yuav tsum tau sib pauv hauv DC tas li) qhov chaw, tsis txhob siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob daim duab peb sab kom pom qhov no). Lub sijhawm tus yam ntxwv yog vim C1 thiab xav tau: Nws tiv thaiv kev kaw tus kheej rau lub sijhawm ntxov thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom (xav tias: tus hloov pauv ib qib) tau teeb duab luv luv tam sim no, tsis yog feem ntau tsis tu ncua tam sim no. BTW, lub hom phiaj thib ob ntawm C1 (thiab R3, tus tiv thaiv xav tau los tso tawm C1) yog rov pib dua lub Circuit Court, txiav, thaum twg lub roj teeb raug txuas/rov txuas dua.

Daim ntawv teev npe

Qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog qhov qub ib yam li rau cov khoom siv yav dhau los. Tshwj xeeb:

• T1 yog IRLML6401 - saib Kauj Ruam 1 rau kev sib tham ntawm (tsis muaj) kev xaiv
• T2 yog txhua lub cim me me NPN
• C1 yog cov khoom lag luam pheej yig
• Cov resistors tseem pheej yig txhua yam, ib yam. Tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tsis muaj kev tso siab rau lub zog, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau muab hauv cov phiaj xwm feem ntau yog kev qhia ntxhib. Tsis txhob txhawj txog kev sib pauv hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.

Lub Circuit twg zoo tshaj rau kuv?

Ib zaug ntxiv, kuv qhia tawm tsam kev tsim Circuit 1. Nruab nrab ntawm Circuit 2 thiab 3, Kuv vam mus rau tom kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntau hauv koj lub roj teeb hluav taws xob (piv txwv li vim lub roj teeb tau txias), koj tuaj yeem xav rov pib dua tsis siv neeg raws li hysteresis hla phau ntawv rov pib dua ntawm Circuit. Circuit 4 yog qhov zoo vim tias nws siv tsawg ntu, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv luv luv, tab sis yog tias koj txhawj xeeb txog kev txiav tawm ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb qhov hluav taws xob, qhov Circuit Court no tsis yog rau koj.

Hauv cov kauj ruam hauv qab no, Kuv yuav coj koj mus rau kev tsim Circuit 4. Yog tias koj tsim ib qho ntawm lwm qhov kev sib txuas, xav txog kev faib qee cov duab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Cia Pib Pib Lub Tsev (Circuit 4)

Ok, yog li peb tab tom tsim Circuit 4. Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau teev tseg hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los, koj yuav xav tau:

• Ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes 2 lub roj teeb (kuv yog tus tuav AA pov tseg los ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj Christmas)
• Ib txhia perfboard
• Ib khub zoo ntawm tus tweezers rau tuav IRLML6401
• A (me) sab txiav
• Soldering hlau thiab soldering hlau

Kev npaj

Kuv tus tuav lub roj teeb los nrog lub hloov, thiab - yooj yim - me ntsis ntawm lub taub hau khoob uas zoo nkaus li zoo meej rau tso peb lub Circuit Court.. cov neeg sib cuag thiab cov xov tooj tsuas yog xoob xoob. Kuv tshem tawm lawv kom nkag tau yooj yim dua, txiav cov xov hlau thiab tshem tawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qhov kawg.

Tom qab ntawd kuv xoob xoob tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm perfboard, txhawm rau paub seb lawv yuav siv qhov chaw ntau npaum li cas. Kwv yees, kab hauv qab yuav mus rau hauv av, kab nruab nrab tuav cov khoom ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab kab sab saud muaj qhov txuas rau T1 lub qhov rooj. Kuv yuav tsum tau ntim cov ntu kom tuab kom txhua yam haum rau qhov chaw xav tau. IRLML6401 tseem tsis tau muab tso rau. Vim yog qhov pinout, nws yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub perfboard. (NCO TSEG tias kuv yuam kev tso T2 - BC547 - txoj kev tsis raug nyob ib puag ncig! Tsis txhob ua raws li qhov muag tsis pom, ob zaug kos lub pinout ntawm transistor uas koj siv - lawv txhua tus sib txawv.) Tom ntej no, Kuv siv lub tshuab txiav sab perfboard kom tau raws li qhov xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 6: Soldering - Qhov Nyuaj Nyeem Ua Ntej

Tshem tawm cov khoom siv feem ntau, tab sis ntxig ib qho txhuas ntawm R1, ua ke nrog cov hlau lead zoo los ntawm lub roj teeb (hauv kuv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub roj teeb hloov) hauv kab nruab nrab, ncaj qha rau ib sab. Solder tsuas yog ib lub qhov, tsis txhob muab tus pin, tsis tau. Lwm tus pin ntawm R1 mus rau kab hauv qab (raws li pom los ntawm hauv qab no), tuav ib sab laug. Kho qhov perfboard kab rov tav, nrog rau sab hauv qab.

Ok, tom ntej IRLML6401. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov me me, ntu no nkag siab rau kev tso tawm electrostatic. Feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi phem yuav tshwm sim, txawm tias koj ua haujlwm ib feem yam tsis muaj kev ceev faj. Tab sis muaj lub sijhawm tiag tiag uas koj yuav ua rau puas lossis puas nws yam tsis tau pom dua, yog li cia peb sim ua tib zoo. Ua ntej, sim tsis txhob hnav cov yas lossis ntaub plaub thaum ua qhov no. Tsis tas li, yog tias koj tsis muaj lub dab teg tiv thaiv kab mob, tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los kov qee yam hauv av (tej zaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lossis qee qhov kav dej), ob leeg nrog koj txhais tes, thiab koj cov hlau txuas. Tam sim no, ua tib zoo lob IRLML6401 nrog koj tus tweezers, thiab txav nws ze nws qhov chaw zaum kawg, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Tus "S" tus pin yuav tsum nyob ib sab ntawm tus pin R1 koj tau siv, lwm tus pin yuav tsum yog ntawm ob lub qhov ntxiv raws li qhia.

Siv koj lub sijhawm! Err ntawm sab ntawm qhov raug, ntau dua li nrawm, ntawm no. Thaum koj zoo siab nrog qhov kev tso kawm, yaj cov laug ntawm R1, dua, thaum ua tib zoo txav IRLML6401 rau nws, nrog koj tus tweezers, xws li tus "S" tus pin yuav dhau los ua tus muag. Ua tib zoo xyuas tias IRLML6401 tau kho tam sim no, thiab nws tau kho nyob rau qhov chaw raug (tseem: tiaj tus ntawm lub qhov rooj). Yog tias koj tsis zoo siab nrog qhov kev tso kawm, yaj cov laug ib zaug ntxiv, thiab kho txoj haujlwm. Rov ua dua, yog tias tsim nyog.

Ua tiav? Zoo. Ua ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus siab ntawm kev nyem, tom qab ntawd muab tus pin thib ob ntawm R1 tso rau hauv lub qhov nyob ib sab ntawm tus "G" tus pin (nyob rau tib sab ntawm pob raws li tus lej "S"). Nco ntsoov txuas ob R1 thiab tus lej "G". Tsis txhob kaw R1 tus pin, tsis tau!

Ntxig ib tus pin ntawm R2, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo coj los ntawm lub qhov nyob ib sab ntawm "D" tus pin (tus nyob rau sab nraud ntawm pob transistor). Solder qhov kev sib txuas, rov ua kom ntseeg tau txuas "D" tus pin nrog R2 thiab cov hlau lead tso tawm.

Thaum kawg, txhawm rau ntsuas kom zoo siv me ntsis ntau dua rau thawj qhov taw tes solder (tus "S" tus pin), tam sim no tias ob qho lwm cov ntsiab lus soldering tau tuav lub transistor nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Nco ntsoov tias kuv txhob txwm tso R1 thiab R2 ze rau T1. Lub tswv yim yog tias cov no yuav ua haujlwm li rudimentary rhaub rau T1. Yog li txawm tias koj muaj chaw seem ntau ntxiv, txiav txim siab ua kom nruj no ib yam. Los ntawm tib lub cim, tsis txhob yig dhau txog tus nqi ntawm cov laug, ntawm no.

Txhua yam zoo tam sim no? Zoo kawg. Tej yam tsuas yog ua kom yooj yim dua, los ntawm no.

Kauj Ruam 7: Soldering - Qhov Yooj Yim

Qhov seem ntawm cov laug yog zoo nkauj ncaj nraim. Ntxig cov ntu ib los ntawm ib qho zoo li hauv daim duab thawj zaug (tshwj tsis yog, ua tib zoo mloog cov pinout ntawm koj T2 transistor!), Tom qab ntawd muab lawv pov rau hauv. Kuv pib nrog kab nruab nrab. Koj yuav nco ntsoov tias qee qhov kuv tau tso ob peb tus pin rau hauv ib lub qhov (piv txwv li lwm qhov kawg ntawm R2 thiab qhov ntev ntawm LED), thiab qhov twg qhov no ua tsis tau, kuv tsuas yog khoov cov pins ntawm cov khoom siv uas twb tau ua lawm los ua xav tau kev sib txuas (s).

Tag nrho kab hauv qab (raws li pom los ntawm hauv qab no) txuas nrog tus "G" tus pin ntawm T1, thiab peb tab tom siv R2 tus pin (Kuv ceeb toom koj tsis txhob kaw nws!) Txhawm rau ua qhov txuas ntawd (rau tus sau ntawm T2, C1, thiab R3).

Tag nrho cov kab saum toj kawg nkaus (raws li pom los ntawm hauv qab) txuas nrog hauv av, thiab R3 tus pin tau siv los ua qhov kev sib txuas ntawd. Lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm C1, emitter ntawm T2, thiab qhov tseem ceeb roj teeb hauv av, thiab cov khoom siv hauv av tau txuas nrog rau qhov no.

Ob daim duab kawg no qhia txog qhov kawg ntawm kab ntawv hauv qab no, thiab saum toj no. Ib zaug ntxiv, Kuv tau muag hauv T2 txoj kev tsis raug ib puag ncig, thiab kuv yuav tsum kho qhov ntawd tom qab qhov tseeb (tsis muaj duab thaij). Yog tias siv BC547 (zoo li kuv tau ua), nws mus raws lwm txoj hauv kev. Nws yuav raug rau 2N3904, txawm hais tias. Zoo, hauv lwm lo lus, tsuas yog nco ntsoov xyuas ob zaug ntawm lub transistor pinout ua ntej siv!

Kauj Ruam 8: Kauj Ruam Kawg

Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm zoo los sim koj lub Circuit Court

Yog tias txhua yam ua haujlwm, qhov seem yog yooj yim. Kuv tso lub Circuit Court tso rau hauv kuv tus tuav lub roj teeb, nrog rau qhov hloov thiab roj teeb tiv tauj. Raws li kuv tau txhawj xeeb me ntsis txog qhov zoo ntawm lub roj teeb lub davhlau ya nyob twg rau hauv Circuit Court, Kuv tso me ntsis ntawm cov kab xev liab liab nyob nruab nrab. Thaum kawg kuv kho cov kab hluav taws xob tawm nrog poob ntawm cov kua nplaum kub.

Qhov ntawd yog nws! Vam tias koj tuaj yeem ua raws txhua yam, thiab txiav txim siab tshaj tawm cov duab, yog tias koj ua ib qho ntawm lwm qhov kev sib tw.