Teev Npe Bioelectric Cov Cim: ECG thiab Lub Plawv Saib Xyuas Lub Plawv: 7 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:29

CEEB TOOM: Qhov no tsis yog khoom siv kho mob. Qhov no yog rau lub hom phiaj kev kawm tsuas yog siv cov cim ntsuas. Yog tias siv qhov kev ntsuas no rau kev ntsuas ECG tiag tiag, thov xyuas kom lub Circuit Court thiab Circuit-to-instrument txuas tau siv cov txheej txheem cais tawm kom raug.

Ib qho electrocardiogram (ECG) yog qhov kev ntsuas uas cov electrodes saum npoo tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kev kawm tshwj xeeb los txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob ntawm tus neeg lub siab [1]. ECG muaj ntau yam siv thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kab mob hauv lub plawv, ntsuas kev nyuaj siab, thiab soj ntsuam thaum phais. ECG tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas kev hloov pauv hauv lub plawv dhia, lub plawv dhia, lub plawv nres, thiab ntau lwm yam kev paub thiab kab mob [1] kuj tau piav qhia hauv cov teeb meem nqe lus saum toj no. Lub plawv ntsuas ntsuas los ntawm ECG ua rau peb qhov txawv txav uas qhia txog kev noj nyob ntawm lub plawv ua haujlwm. Qhov no tau qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog txhawm rau tsim cov cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem tau txais lub teeb liab ECG los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim tawm lossis tib neeg thiab rov tsim dua lub teeb liab thaum tshem suab nrov. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab ke tseem yuav suav qhov BPM.

Cia peb pib!

Kauj Ruam 1: Sau tag nrho Cov Khoom Siv

Txhawm rau tsim ECG no, peb yuav tsim cov kab ke uas suav nrog ob ntu loj, Circuit Court thiab LabVIEW system. Lub hom phiaj ntawm Circuit yog kom paub tseeb tias peb tau txais lub teeb liab uas peb xav tau. Muaj ntau lub suab nrov nyob ib puag ncig uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam peb lub teeb liab ECG, yog li peb yuav tsum ua kom nrov nrov rau peb lub teeb liab nrog rau lim tawm txhua lub suab nrov. Tom qab lub teeb liab tau raug lim thiab ua kom nrov dua los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, peb tuaj yeem xa cov teeb liab ua kom zoo mus rau LabVIEW txoj haujlwm uas yuav tso saib cov ntawv yoj ntxiv rau xam BPM. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yog qhov tsim nyog rau txoj haujlwm no:

-Resistor, capacitor, thiab ua haujlwm amplifier (op -amps -UA741 tau siv) cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

-Saib tsis muaj qhob cij rau kev tsim thiab ntsuas

-DC fais fab mov los muab lub zog rau op-amps

-Qhov lub tshuab hluav taws xob los muab cov teeb liab hluav taws xob

-Oscilloscope los saib cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim

-DAQ pawg thawj coj los hloov teeb liab los ntawm analog rau digital

-LabVIEW software rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov teeb liab tso tawm

-BNC thiab hloov pauv kawg cov hlau lead

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim Tus Qauv Circuit

Raws li peb nyuam qhuav tham txog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau lim thiab ua kom nrov nrov rau peb lub teeb liab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb tuaj yeem teeb tsa 3 qib sib txawv ntawm peb qhov Circuit Court. Ua ntej tshaj, peb yuav tsum ua kom nrov nrov rau peb lub teeb liab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Ua li no, peb lub teeb liab nkag tau tuaj yeem pom zoo dua hauv cov khoom kawg. Peb yuav tsum muaj lub thais lim hauv koob nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov ntsuas no. Lub taub lim dej yuav siv los tshem tawm lub suab nrov los ntawm peb lub zog siv. Tom qab ntawd, peb tuaj yeem muaj qhov lim qis dhau. Txij li ECG nyeem ntawv feem ntau yog tsawg zaus, peb xav txiav tawm txhua zaus uas nyob ntawm qhov zaus uas tawm ntawm peb li ECG nyeem ntawv ciam teb, yog li peb siv cov lim qis. Cov theem no tau piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv hauv cov theem hauv qab no.

Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog koj lub Circuit Court, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los sim koj li Circuit hauv ib qho program online. Txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb koj li kev suav rau resistor thiab capacitor qhov tseem ceeb raug.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas

Txhawm rau soj ntsuam lub teeb liab hluav taws xob kom zoo dua qub, lub teeb liab yuav tsum tau nthuav dav. Rau qhov haujlwm no, kom ua tiav kom ua tiav tag nrho yog 1000 V/V. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb tau txais los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov ntsuas, qhov ntsuas tsis txaus rau lub Circuit Court tau suav los ntawm cov kab zauv hauv qab no:

(Qib 1) K1 = 1 + ((2 * R2) / R1)

(Theem 2) K2 = -R4 / R3

Qhov twg txhua theem tau muab sib tw los xam tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig. Cov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau xaiv los ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm 1000 V/V yog R1 = 10 kOhms, R2 = 150 kOhms, R3 = 10 kOhms, thiab R4 = 330 kOhms. Siv DC lub hwj chim muab hluav taws xob ntau ntawm +/- 15 V (ua kom muaj qhov txwv tam sim no qis) kom muaj zog op-amps ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Yog tias koj xav tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, lossis xav kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig no ua ntej tsim, koj tuaj yeem sim qhov kev siv hluav taws xob siv qhov program zoo li PSpice lossis CircuitLab online, lossis siv oscilloscope nrog qhov muab cov teeb liab tso tawm thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb nce tom qab tsim lub tshuab ua kom lub cev muaj zog. Txuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm thiab oscilloscope mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court.

Daim duab saum toj no piav qhia seb lub Circuit Court zoo li cas hauv kev simulation software PSpice. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tias koj lub Circuit ua haujlwm tau zoo, muab 1 kHz 10 mV ncov-rau-ncov sine yoj los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, dhau ntawm Circuit Court, thiab rau oscilloscope. Qhov 10 V ncov-rau-ncov sine yoj yuav tsum tau pom ntawm oscilloscope.

Kauj Ruam 4: Tsim Tus Qauv Ntsis

Ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb thaum cuam tshuam nrog Circuit no yog qhov tseeb tias 60 Hz lub suab nrov tau tsim los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txhawm rau tshem tawm lub suab nrov no, lub teeb liab nkag mus rau hauv Circuit yuav tsum tau lim ntawm 60 Hz, thiab yuav ua li cas txoj hauv kev zoo los ua li ntawd nrog lub ntsej muag lim dej!

Lub taub lim dej (cov duab qhia saum toj saud) yog qee yam ntawm cov lim hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov zaus tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub teeb liab. Txhawm rau tshem tawm 60 Hz teeb liab, peb suav qhov sib npaug hauv qab no:

R1 = 1 / (2 * Q * w * C)

R2 = (2 * Q) / (w * C)

R3 = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2)

Q = w / B.

B = w2 - w1

Siv qhov ua tau zoo (Q) ntawm 8 txhawm rau tsim qhov lim dej kom raug, lub peev xwm (C) ntawm 0.033 uFarads kom yooj yim sib dhos, thiab qhov nruab nrab zaus (w) ntawm 2 * pi * 60 Hz. Qhov no ua tiav suav qhov tseem ceeb rau cov resistors R1 = 5.024 kOhms, R2 = 1.2861 MOhms, thiab R3 = 5.004 kOhms, thiab ua tiav tsim lub lim kom tshem tawm 60 Hz zaus los ntawm cov teeb liab bioelectric. Yog tias koj xav tshuaj xyuas lub lim koj tuaj yeem sim qhov Circuit Court siv qhov program xws li PSpice lossis CircuitLab online, lossis siv lub oscilloscope nrog qhov muab cov lus tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab tshawb xyuas lub teeb liab tshem tawm tom qab tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub cev. Txuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm thiab oscilloscope mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court.

Ua AC cheb nrog cov kab hluav taws xob no hla ntau qhov ntau zaus ntawm 1 Hz txog 1 kHz ntawm 1 V ncov-rau-ncov lub teeb liab yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov "thais" yam tshwj xeeb ntawm 60 Hz hauv cov phiaj xwm tso tawm, uas tau tshem tawm ntawm cov tswv yim teeb liab.

Kauj Ruam 5: Tsim Tus Qauv Lim Tsawg

Kauj ruam kawg ntawm Circuit Court yog qhov lim qis dhau, tshwj xeeb yog Thib Ob Qhov Butterworth Low-pass lim. Qhov no yog siv los cais peb lub teeb liab ECG. ECG waveforms feem ntau tsis pub dhau 0 mus rau 100 Hz. Yog li, peb suav peb tus tiv thaiv thiab tus nqi hluav taws xob raws li qhov txiav tawm ntawm 100 Hz thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 8, uas yuav ua rau peb lim tau qhov tseeb.

R1 = 2/(w [aC2+sqrt (a2+4b (K-1)))

C2^2-4b*C1*C2) R2 = 1/(b*C1*C2*R1*w^2)

C1 <= C2 [a^2+4b (K-1)]/4b

Cov txiaj ntsig uas peb suav tau xaus ua R1 = 81.723kOhms, R2 = 120.92kOHms, C1 = 0.1 microFarads, thiab C2 = 0.045 microFarads. Fais fab op -amps nrog DC voltage ntawm + thiab - 15V. Yog tias koj xav tshuaj xyuas lub lim koj tuaj yeem sim qhov Circuit Court siv qhov program xws li PSpice lossis CircuitLab online, lossis siv lub oscilloscope nrog qhov muab cov lus tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab tshawb xyuas lub teeb liab tshem tawm tom qab tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub cev. Txuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm thiab oscilloscope mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court. Thaum txiav tawm zaus, koj yuav tsum pom qhov loj ntawm -3 dB. Qhov no qhia tau tias koj lub Circuit ua haujlwm tau raug.

Kauj Ruam 6: Teeb Chaw LabVIEW

Tam sim no tau tsim lub Circuit Court, peb xav kom tuaj yeem txhais peb lub teeb liab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb tuaj yeem siv LabVIEW. Tus pab DAQ tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais lub teeb liab los ntawm Circuit Court. Tom qab qhib LabVIEW, teeb tsa lub Circuit Court raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no. Tus pab DAQ yuav siv qhov kev nyeem ntawv nyeem los ntawm Circuit Court thiab lub teeb liab yuav mus rau kab ntawv teeb tsa. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj pom ECG qhov kev hloov pauv!

Tom ntej no peb xav xam BPM. Cov teeb tsa saum toj no yuav ua qhov no rau koj. Qhov kev zov me nyuam ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua thawj qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj ntawm cov teeb liab ECG. Tus nqi pib tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas txhua qhov txiaj ntsig tshiab uas tab tom los txog rau feem pua ntawm peb qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj (qhov no, 90%). Cov chaw ntawm cov txiaj ntsig no raug xa mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Txij li kev ntsuas ntsuas pib ntawm 0, peb xav coj tus lej 0 thiab 1 thiab suav qhov kev hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lawv. Qhov no muab sijhawm rau peb ntawm cov neeg ntaus. Peb tom qab ntawv sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawd kom pom BPM. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev sib npaug cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm dt keeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd faib los ntawm 60 (txij li peb tau hloov mus rau feeb).

Kauj Ruam 7: Txuas Nws Txhua Qhov thiab Xeem Nws

Txuas lub Circuit Court mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm DAQ board. Tam sim no lub teeb liab uas koj nkag mus yuav dhau mus rau hauv Circuit Court mus rau DAQ pawg thawj coj thiab LabVIEW txoj haujlwm yuav tso tawm cov ntawv yoj thiab suav BPM.

Nrog koj zoo siab!