Cov txheej txheem:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit: 7 Kauj Ruam
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit: 7 Kauj Ruam

Video: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit: 7 Kauj Ruam

Video: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit: 7 Kauj Ruam
Video: Build an ECG Amplifier 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit

Nco tseg: Qhov no tsis yog khoom siv kho mob. Qhov no yog rau lub hom phiaj kev kawm tsuas yog siv cov cim ntsuas. Yog tias siv qhov kev ntsuas no rau kev ntsuas ECG tiag tiag, thov xyuas kom lub Circuit Court thiab Circuit-to-instrument txuas tau siv cov txheej txheem cais tawm kom raug.

Peb yog ob tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv Biomedical Engineering thiab tom qab kawm thawj zaug hauv chav kawm, peb zoo siab heev thiab txiav txim siab siv cov hauv paus peb tau kawm los ua qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig: tso saib ECG thiab nyeem lub plawv dhia. Qhov no yuav yog txoj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws uas peb tau tsim los lawm!

Qee qhov keeb kwm ntawm ECG:

Ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv los ntsuas thiab sau cov haujlwm lom hauv tib neeg lub cev. Ib qho cuab yeej zoo li no yog electrocardiogram, uas ntsuas cov teeb liab hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub plawv. Cov cim qhia no muab lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. ECG tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1887 thiab muab cov kws kho mob txoj hauv kev tshiab los tshuaj xyuas lub plawv teeb meem. ECGs tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub plawv dhia, lub plawv dhia, lub plawv nres, ntshav tsis txaus thiab cov pa oxygen txaus rau lub plawv, thiab cov yam ntxwv txawv txav. Siv cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob yooj yim, tuaj yeem ua ECG uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas txhua yam ntawm no.

Kauj ruam 1: Cov ntaub ntawv

Khoom siv
Khoom siv
Khoom siv
Khoom siv
Khoom siv
Khoom siv

Tsim lub voj voog

Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim xav tau los tsim lub Circuit Court tau qhia hauv cov duab. Lawv suav nrog:

  • Cov qhob cij
  • Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm siab

    • Txhua qhov op amps siv hauv Circuit no yog LM741.
    • Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib cov ntawv teev tseg:
  • Resistors
  • Capacitors
  • Hlau
  • Ua-nyob rau hauv electrodes

    Cov no tsuas yog xav tau yog tias koj txiav txim siab sim ua haujlwm hauv ib tus neeg tiag

Kev siv software suav nrog:

  • LAWV 2016
  • CircuitLab lossis PSpice rau kev sim sim txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig
  • Excel

    Qhov no tau pom zoo heev yog tias koj xav tau hloov ib tus yam ntxwv ntawm koj lub Circuit Court. Koj kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua si nrog cov lej kom txog thaum koj pom cov resistor thiab cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig uas npaj tau. Tus lej-thiab-ntawv suav poob siab rau qhov no! Peb tau txuas peb daim ntawv nthuav qhia cov lej los muab lub tswv yim

Xeem lub Circuit Court

Koj tseem yuav xav tau qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob loj dua:

  • DC fais fab mov
  • DAQ pawg thawj coj los cuam tshuam cov Circuit Court rau LabVIEW
  • Muaj nuj nqi generator los ntsuas Circuit
  • Oscilloscope los ntsuas qhov Circuit Court

Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob

Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier
Cov cuab yeej Amplifier

Vim li cas peb xav tau nws:

Peb yuav tsim ib qho cuab yeej siv suab nrov txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub suab nrov me me ntsuas los ntawm lub cev. Kev siv ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv peb thawj theem yuav tso cai rau peb tshem tawm lub suab nrov uas tsim los ntawm lub cev (uas yuav zoo ib yam ntawm ob qho hluav taws xob). Peb yuav siv ob theem ntawm kev sib npaug sib npaug - qhov no tiv thaiv tus neeg siv yog tias lub kaw lus txuas nrog ib tus neeg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv txhua qhov tau txais los ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv ib qho. Txij li qhov ua tau zoo ib txwm muaj ntawm ECG teeb liab yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.1 txog 5 mV, peb xav kom qhov nce ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov ntsuas yog kwv yees li 100. Kev lees paub ua tau zoo ntawm qhov nce yog 10%.

Yuav tsim nws li cas:

Siv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb no thiab cov kab zauv pom hauv lub rooj (txuas duab), peb pom peb qhov kev tiv thaiv tus nqi R1 = 1.8 kiloOhms, R2 = 8.2 kiloOhms, R3 = 1.5 kiloOhms, thiab R4 = 15 kiloOhms. K1 yog qhov nce ntawm thawj theem (OA1 thiab OA2), thiab K2 yog qhov nce ntawm theem ob (OA3). Cov vaj huam sib luag uas muaj peev xwm hla dhau tau siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm suab nrov.

Yuav ntsuas nws li cas:

Txhua lub teeb liab uas tau pub rau hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas yuav tsum ua kom nrov dua 100. Siv dB = 20log (Vout/Vin) qhov no txhais tau tias yog piv ntawm 40 dB. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov no hauv PSpice lossis CircuitLab, lossis sim ntsuas lub cev, lossis ob qho tib si!

Cov duab oscilloscope txuas nrog qhia pom qhov nce ntawm 1000. Rau qhov ECG tiag, qhov no siab dhau lawm!

Kauj Ruam 3: Ntsis Lim

Notch Lim
Notch Lim
Notch Lim
Notch Lim
Notch Lim
Notch Lim

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau:

Peb yuav siv lub ntsej muag lim kom tshem tawm 60 Hz suab nrov tam sim no hauv txhua qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Yuav tsim nws li cas:

Peb yuav teeb tsa qhov ua tau zoo Q ua 8, uas yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig lim tawm tau zoo thaum khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qhov ua tau. Peb kuj teeb tus nqi hluav taws xob kom yog 0.1 μF thiaj li suav tau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg tawm tsam nkaus xwb. Qhov ntsuas tus nqi ntsuas thiab siv tuaj yeem pom hauv lub rooj (hauv cov duab) lossis hauv qab no

  • Q = w/B.

    teeb Q rau 8 (lossis xaiv koj tus kheej raws li koj tus kheej xav tau)

  • w = 2*pi*f

    siv f = 60 Hz

  • C

    teeb tsa rau 0.1 uF (lossis xaiv koj tus kheej tus nqi los ntawm cov muaj peev xwm)

  • R1 = 1/(2*Q*w*C)

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 1.66 kohm

  • R2 = 2*Q/(w*C)

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 424.4 kohm

  • R3 = R1*R2/(R1+R2)

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 1.65 kohm

Yuav ntsuas nws li cas:

Cov ntawv ceeb toom lim yuav tsum dhau txhua zaus uas tsis hloov pauv tshwj tsis yog cov nyob ib puag ncig 60 Hz. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nrog AC cheb. Lub lim nrog qhov nce ntawm -20 dB ntawm 60 Hz suav tias yog qhov zoo. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov no hauv PSpice lossis CircuitLab, lossis sim ntsuas lub cev, lossis ob qho tib si!

Hom kev lim dej no tuaj yeem tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sim AC cheb, tab sis kev kuaj lub cev pom tias peb qhov txiaj ntsig qub tau tsim lub thais me me ntawm qhov qis dua li qhov xav tau. Txhawm rau kho qhov no, peb tsoo R2 li ntawm 25 kohm.

Cov duab oscilloscope qhia pom lub lim dej zoo heev txo cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim ntawm 60 Hz. Daim duab qhia pom AC cheb rau qhov lim siab zoo.

Kauj Ruam 4: Tsawg-dhau Lim

Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim
Tsawg-dhau Lim

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau:

Cov theem kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej yog lub lim dej lim qis. Lub teeb liab ECG yog ua los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zaus. Peb xav ntes txhua qhov no, yam tsis muaj suab nrov nrov. Tus qauv txiav tawm zaus rau ECG saib ntawm 150 Hz raug xaiv. (Kev txiav tawm siab dua qee zaum raug xaiv los tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv lub plawv, tab sis rau peb txoj haujlwm, peb yuav siv qhov txiav tawm ib txwm.)

Yog tias koj xav ua kom yooj yim dua Circuit, koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub lim lim qis dhau. Qhov no yuav tsis suav nrog op amp, thiab yuav suav nrog tsuas yog tus tiv thaiv hauv koob nrog lub capacitor. Cov zis hluav taws xob yuav raug ntsuas thoob plaws lub capacitor.

Yuav tsim nws li cas:

Peb yuav tsim nws raws li Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Thib Ob Butterworth lim, uas muaj coefficients a thiab b sib npaug rau 1.414214 thiab 1, feem. Teeb tsa qhov nce mus rau 1 ua rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov ua raws qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tseem ceeb xaiv tau qhia hauv lub rooj (hauv cov duab) thiab hauv qab no.

  • w = 2*pi*f

    teeb f = 150 Hz

  • C2 = 10/f

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 0.067 uF

  • C1 <= C2*(a^2)/(4b)

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 0.033 uF

  • R1 = 2/(w*(aC2+sqrt (a^2*C2^2-4b*C1*C2)))

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 18.836 kohm

  • R2 = 1/(b*C1*C2*R1*w^2)

    Xam. Peb tus nqi yog 26.634 kohm

Yuav ntsuas nws li cas:

Lub lim yuav tsum dhau zaus hauv qab qhov kev txiav tawm tsis hloov pauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem sim siv AC cheb. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov no hauv PSpice lossis CircuitLab, lossis sim ntsuas lub cev, lossis ob qho tib si!

Cov duab oscilloscope qhia pom lim cov lus teb ntawm 100 Hz, 150 Hz, thiab 155 Hz. Peb lub cev muaj zog tau txiav tawm ze rau 155 Hz, qhia los ntawm -3 dB piv.

Kauj Ruam 5: Lim Siab Dhau

High-pass Lim
High-pass Lim
High-pass Lim
High-pass Lim

Vim li cas peb xav tau nws:

Cov lim dej siab dhau tau siv kom cov zaus hauv qab no qee qhov kev txiav tawm tus nqi tsis raug kaw, tso cai rau lub teeb liab kom huv. Qhov txiav tawm zaus raug xaiv los ua 0.5 Hz (tus qauv tus nqi rau ECG saib).

Yuav tsim nws li cas:

Tus tiv thaiv thiab tus nqi hluav taws xob xav tau kom ua tiav qhov no tau pom hauv qab no. Peb qhov kev tiv thaiv tiag tiag yog 318.2 kohm.

  • R = 1/(2*pi*f*C) Cov

    • teeb f = 0.5 Hz, thiab C = 1 uF
    • Xam R. Peb tus nqi yog 318.310 kohm

Yuav ntsuas nws li cas:

Lub lim yuav tsum dhau zaus ntau dua qhov txiav tawm tsis hloov pauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem sim siv AC cheb. Koj tuaj yeem sim qhov no hauv PSpice lossis CircuitLab, lossis sim ntsuas lub cev, lossis ob qho tib si!

Kauj Ruam 6: Teeb Chaw LabVIEW

Teeb tsa LabVIEW
Teeb tsa LabVIEW
Teeb tsa LabVIEW
Teeb tsa LabVIEW
Teeb tsa LabVIEW
Teeb tsa LabVIEW

Daim phiaj xwm tso tawm lub tswv yim tsim ntawm LabVIEW feem ntawm txoj haujlwm uas sau cov cim ntawm qhov ntsuas siab thiab qhia lub plawv dhia (BPM) thiab ECG. Peb qhov LabView Circuit muaj cov hauv qab no: DAQ tus pabcuam, ntsuas qhov ntsuas, tus lej ua lej, nrhiav pom qhov kawg, ntsuas tus lej, ntsuas kab ntawv, hloov lub sijhawm, tus lej cim/min, thiab tus lej tsis tu ncua. Tus pab DAQ tau teeb tsa coj mus kuaj tas li ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 kHz, nrog tus lej piv txwv hloov pauv ntawm 3, 000 thiab 5, 000 qhov piv txwv kom pom qhov siab tshaj thiab lub hom phiaj kom pom tseeb.

Mouse hla cov khoom sib txawv hauv daim duab kos duab los nyeem qhov twg hauv LabVIEW kom pom lawv!

Kauj Ruam 7: Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Tam sim no lub Circuit Court tau sib sau ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sau los saib seb nws puas ua haujlwm! Xa ib qho ECG simulated los ntawm Circuit Court ntawm 1 Hz. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog lub teeb liab ECG huv qhov twg QRS nyuaj, P yoj, thiab T yoj tuaj yeem pom meej. Lub plawv dhia yuav tsum tau ua kom pom 60 tus neeg ntaus ib feeb (bpm). Txhawm rau sim ntsuas qhov Circuit Court thiab LabVIEW teeb tsa, hloov qhov zaus mus rau 1.5 Hz thiab 0.5 Hz. Lub plawv dhia yuav tsum hloov mus rau 90 bpm thiab 30 bpm feem.

Txhawm rau lub plawv qeeb qeeb kom raug pom zoo koj yuav xav tau kho DAQ teeb tsa los qhia ntau nthwv dej ntawm ib kab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv.

Yog tias koj xaiv los ntsuas lub cuab yeej ntawm tib neeg nco ntsoov lub zog siv uas koj siv rau op amps txwv qhov tam sim no ntawm 0.015 mA! Muaj ntau qhov kev teeb tsa coj los siv tau tab sis peb tau xaiv tso qhov hluav taws xob zoo ntawm pob taws sab laug, qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm lub dab teg sab xis, thiab hauv av hluav taws xob ntawm pob taws sab xis raws li pom hauv daim duab txuas.

Siv qee lub hauv paus ntsiab lus kev siv hluav taws xob thiab peb paub txog tib neeg lub siab peb tau qhia koj li cas los tsim kev lom zem thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Peb vam tias koj tau txaus siab rau peb cov lus qhia!

Pom zoo: