HackerBox 0031: Ether: 10 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:29

Lub hlis no, HackerBox Hackers tab tom nkag mus rau Ethernet, router kev ua haujlwm, kev tshuaj xyuas lub network, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas network. Cov Lus Qhia no muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau ua haujlwm nrog HackerBox #0031, uas koj tuaj yeem khaws tau ntawm no thaum cov khoom siv kawg. Tsis tas li, yog tias koj xav tau txais HackerBox zoo li txoj cai no hauv koj lub mailbox txhua lub hlis, thov sau npe ntawm HackerBoxes.com thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam!

Cov Ntsiab Lus thiab Kawm Lub Hom Phiaj rau HackerBox 0031:

• Kho lub WT3020 Ethernet router
• Nruab OpenWrt operating system ntawm WT3020 router
• Sib sau Cov Khoom Siv HackerBoxes EtherTap
• Muab lub EtherTap tso rau saib xyuas kev sib txuas hauv network
• Txhim kho Arduino IDE rau siv nrog Arduino Nano
• Sib cuam tshuam nrog ENC28J60 Ethernet maub los rau Arduino Nano
• Xa thiab tau txais Ethernet pob ntawv los ntawm Arduino Nano

HackerBoxes yog lub npov muab kev pabcuam txhua hli rau DIY khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuab computer. Peb yog cov nyiam ua haujlwm, tsim khoom, thiab sim ua. Peb yog cov neeg ua npau suav npau suav. HACK THE PLANET!

Kauj Ruam 1: HackerBox 0031: Cov Ntsiab Lus Box

• HackerBoxes #0031 Daim Npav Siv Tau
• Nexx WT3020F Ethernet Router
• Tsuas yog HackerBox EtherTap Kit
• Arduino Nano 5V, 16MHz
• ENC28J60 Ethernet Module
• Liab Crossover Adapter Plug
• Poj niam-rau-Poj Niam Dupont Jumpers
• Tshwj xeeb OpenWrt Decal

Qee qhov lwm yam uas yuav pab tau:

• Soldering hlau, cov laug, thiab cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim
• Khoos phis tawj rau kev khiav cov cuab yeej software

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, koj yuav xav tau kev nkag siab ntawm kev taug txuj kev nyuaj, tus ntsuj plig DIY, thiab xav paub xav paub hacker. Hardcore DIY cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, thiab HackerBoxes tsis tau ywg dej. Lub hom phiaj yog kev vam meej, tsis yog kev ua tiav. Thaum koj mob siab rau thiab txaus siab rau kev taug txuj kev nyuaj, kev txaus siab ntau tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev kawm thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab vam tias yuav tau txais qee qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Peb hais kom ua txhua kauj ruam qeeb, mloog cov ntsiab lus, thiab tsis txhob ntshai thov kev pab.

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj rau tam sim no, thiab yav tom ntej, cov tswv cuab hauv HackerBoxes FAQ.

Kauj ruam 2: Ether

"Tsuas yog qhov uas txhawj xeeb tiag tiag rau kuv yog ether. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi hauv ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj kev pab thiab tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab ua tsis ncaj ncees ntau dua li tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm ether binge, thiab kuv paub peb yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom phem sai sai." - Hunter S. Thompson, "Ntshai thiab Nyiam nyob hauv Las Vegas"

Ethernet (Wikipedia) yog tsev neeg ntawm kev sib tham hauv computer thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv hauv zej zog hauv cheeb tsam (LANs). Ethernet tau nthuav tawm ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1980 thiab tau ua thawj tus qauv hauv xyoo 1983 thiab txij li ntawd tau raug kho kom zoo los txhawb nqa tus nqi me ntsis ntau dua thiab txuas qhov kev nyob deb dua. Qhov txuas "Ethernet Hacks" video, thaum lwm yam zoo heev, ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hais tias wired Ethernet tau dhau los ua qhov qub vim yog cov thev naus laus zis wireless.

Thawj 10BASE5 Ethernet siv loj, rog coaxial cable ua qhov nruab nrab sib koom. Cov kev hloov pauv tshiab Ethernet siv cov khub sib tw thiab cov txuas hluav taws xob sib txuas ua ke nrog cov chaw nruab nrab lossis hloov pauv. Dhau ntawm nws keeb kwm, Ethernet cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tau nce los ntawm qhov qub 2.94 Mbps mus rau ntau pua Gbps.

Ethernet muab cov kev pabcuam suav nrog ob txheej qis tshaj ntawm OSI tus qauv (txheej txheej ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuas txheej). Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog xya-txheej OSI network qauv (koj ua), txheeb xyuas Wikipedia thiab/lossis cov vis dis aus no.

Kauj Ruam 3: Nexx WT3020F Ethernet Router thiab OpenWrt

Nexx WT3020 series ntawm Ethernet Routers yog ua raws MediaTek MT7620N (tshwj xeeb). Cov routers no suav nrog ob lub UTP Ethernet chaw nres nkoj thiab 802.11n 300Mbps wireless interface ua haujlwm ntawm 2.4 GHz.

OpenWrt yog qhov qhib qhov haujlwm rau teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm raws Linux, feem ntau yog siv ntawm cov routers uas tau teeb tsa. Txhua lub Cheebtsam tau ua kom zoo me me txaus kom haum rau qhov txwv cia thiab nco muaj nyob hauv routers hauv tsev. OpenWrt tej zaum yuav raug teeb tsa siv kab lus hais kom ua interface (tshauv plhaub), lossis lub web interface (LuCI).

Muaj ntau ntau txhiab pob muaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm opkg pob kev tswj hwm qhov system txhawm rau txuas ntxiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub cuab yeej. Cov pob no suav nrog firewalls, xov tooj, VPNs, cia, xa xov, xa mus, thiab email kev pabcuam ntawm ntau, ntau lwm yam.

Qhov OpenWrt Wiki nkag no npog txhim kho OpenWrt mus rau WT3020 router. Hauv qab "Kev teeb tsa" nqe lus muaj lub rooj ntawm binaries. Tsis txhob siv cov no. Hloov chaw, nyem rau kab ntawv txuas rau "LEDE firmware rub tawm" tsuas yog hauv qab lub rooj ntawd. Cov no yog cov hloov tshiab kawg. Nov yog cov lus qhia zoo ntawm flashing lub routers firmware. OpenWrt HOWTOs tuaj yeem pab tau ib yam nkaus.

Kauj Ruam 4: EtherTap Kit

EtherTap yog passive Ethernet kais. Nws yog "passive" nyob rau hauv uas EtherTap zoo ib yam li ib qho ntawm Ethernet cable rau lub network uas nws tau xa tawm. Cov chaw hla dhau tau txuas nrog hauv kab hauv Ethernet kev sib txuas kom raug saib xyuas. Ob txoj hauv kev hla dhau (ib qho mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia) yog lub cev "kais" hauv kev taug ntawm PCB. Cov cim teeb tsa tau txuas ua ke rau ob qhov chaw nres nkoj. Ob lub kais chaw nres nkoj tsuas yog muaj lawv cov channel tau txais txuas. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb no, ib qho ntawm cov kais chaw nres nkoj tsis tuaj yeem kis mus rau qhov hla dhau.

Cov Khoom Siv EtherTap suav nrog:

• Tshwj xeeb HackerBoxes EtherTap PCB
• Ob Dub RJ45 Jacks
• Ob lub daj RJ45 Jacks
• Ob qho 220pF Ceramic Capacitors

Kev sib dhos ntawm Cov Khoom Siv EtherTap yog qhov ncaj ncaj. Ob qhov sib txawv xim RJ45 nkaus yog qhov zoo ib yam thiab tuaj yeem tso rau qhov twg koj nyiam. Peb feem ntau tso cov dub RJ45 jacks ntawm cov chaw hla dhau thiab cov daj daj ntawm cov kais chaw nres nkoj. Ob lub capacitors tsis yog polarized thiab tuaj yeem tso rau ob qho tib si.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm EtherTap cuam tshuam nrog kev hla hla thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj kais (nyob ntawm seb qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tsheb uas koj tab tom saib xyuas) rau lub khoos phis tawj uas khiav cov pob khoom ntes/tshuaj xyuas zoo li Wireshark.

Shout Out: EtherTap tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm Michael Ossmann's Throwing Star LAN Tap, yog li muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam thiab keeb kwm dhau ntawm nws lub xaib Great Scott Gadgets. Michael ua lwm yam khoom ua si txias heev tsim nyog txheeb xyuas thaum koj nyob ntawd.

Kauj Ruam 5: Arduino Nano Microcontroller Platform

Qhov suav nrog Arduino Nano module los nrog lub taub hau pins, tab sis lawv tsis muab muag rau cov qauv. Tso cov pins tawm tam sim no. Ua cov kev sim no thawj zaug ntawm Arduino Nano module sib cais los ntawm BioSense Board thiab PRIOR txhawm rau siv lub taub hau pins Arduino Nano. Txhua yam uas xav tau rau ob peb kauj ruam tom ntej yog microUSB cable thiab Nano module ib yam li nws tawm ntawm lub hnab.

Arduino Nano yog qhov ua kom zoo nkauj, ua tau zoo rau lub rooj noj mov, ua haujlwm me me Arduino board nrog USB ua ke. Nws yog amazingly puv-featured thiab yooj yim rau hack.

Nta:

• Microcontroller: Atmel ATmega328P
• Qhov Voltage: 5V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 PWM)
• Analog Input Pins: 8
• DC Tam Sim No rau I/O Pin: 40 mA
• Flash nco: 32 KB (2KB rau bootloader)
• SIB: 2 KB
• EEPROM: 1 KB
• Moos Ceev: 16 MHz
• Medidas: 17 mm x 43 mm

Qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawm Arduino Nano yog xim dub Robotdyn tsim. Lub interface yog los ntawm lub nkoj MicroUSB chaw nres nkoj uas sib xws nrog tib lub MicroUSB cables siv nrog ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab ntsiav tshuaj.

Arduino Nanos muaj lub built-in USB/Serial choj nti. Ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb no, tus choj choj yog CH340G. Nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau yam lwm yam ntawm USB/Serial choj chips siv ntawm ntau hom Arduino cov laug cam. Cov chips no tso cai rau koj lub khoos phis tawj USB chaw nres nkoj sib txuas lus nrog cov lej txuas ntawm Arduino tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm.

Lub khoos phis tawj lub operating system xav tau Tus Tsav Tsheb Sib Txuas los sib tham nrog USB/Serial nti. Tus tsav tsheb tso cai rau IDE tham nrog Arduino board. Cov cuab yeej siv tshwj xeeb uas xav tau yog nyob ntawm ob qho OS version thiab tseem yog hom USB/Serial nti. Rau CH340 USB/Serial chips, muaj cov tsav tsheb muaj rau ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm (UNIX, Mac OS X, lossis Windows). Tus tsim khoom ntawm CH340 muab cov tsav tsheb ntawm no.

Thaum koj xub ntsaws Arduino Nano rau hauv USB chaw nres nkoj ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj, lub zog ntsuab yuav tsum tuaj thiab tsis ntev tom qab lub xiav LED yuav tsum pib ntsais muag qeeb. Qhov no tshwm sim vim tias Nano tau npaj ua ntej nrog BLINK qhov haujlwm, uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub npe tshiab Arduino Nano.

Kauj Ruam 6: Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau teeb tsa Arduino IDE, koj tuaj yeem rub nws los ntawm Arduino.cc

Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm hauv Arduino ecosystem, peb hais kom txheeb xyuas cov lus qhia rau HackerBoxes Starter Rhiav.

Txuas Nano mus rau hauv MicroUSB cable thiab lwm qhov kawg ntawm txoj hlua rau hauv USB chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, tso tawm Arduino IDE software, xaiv qhov tsim nyog USB chaw nres nkoj hauv IDE hauv cov cuab yeej> chaw nres nkoj (yuav muaj lub npe nrog "wchusb" hauv nws). Kuj tseem xaiv "Arduino Nano" hauv IDE hauv cov cuab yeej> pawg thawj coj.

Thaum kawg, thauj khoom ib qho piv txwv code:

Cov ntaub ntawv-> Piv txwv-> Pib-> Blink

Qhov no yog qhov chaws uas tau tso ua ntej mus rau Nano thiab yuav tsum tau khiav tam sim no kom maj mam ntsais qhov xiav LED. Raws li, yog tias peb thauj tus lej piv txwv no, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav hloov pauv. Hloov chaw, cia hloov kho txoj cai me ntsis.

Saib ze, koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov haujlwm qhib LED, tos 1000 milliseconds (ib pliag), tig LED tawm, tos lwm thib ob, thiab tom qab ntawd ua txhua yam ntxiv - mus ib txhis.

Hloov kho cov cai los ntawm kev hloov ob qho ntawm "ncua (1000)" nqe lus rau "ncua (100)". Qhov kev hloov kho no yuav ua rau LED ntsais kaum zaus sai dua, puas yog?

Cia peb thauj cov cai hloov pauv mus rau hauv Nano los ntawm nyem lub pob UPLOAD (lub cim xub) nyob saum koj li kev cai hloov kho. Saib hauv qab cov cai rau cov ntaub ntawv xwm txheej: "suav" thiab tom qab ntawd "xa tawm". Thaum kawg, IDE yuav tsum qhia "Uploading Complete" thiab koj cov LED yuav tsum ntsais muag sai dua.

Yog tias muaj, nrog koj zoo siab! Koj nyuam qhuav tau nyiag koj thawj daim ntawm cov lej kos.

Thaum koj cov ntawv ntsais ntsais tau rub thiab khiav, vim li cas ho tsis pom tias koj puas tuaj yeem hloov pauv txoj cai kom ua rau LED ntsais ntsais sai dua ob zaug thiab tom qab ntawd tos ob peb feeb ua ntej rov ua dua? Muab nws sim! Yuav ua li cas txog qee qhov qauv? Thaum koj ua tiav ntawm kev pom lub txiaj ntsig xav tau, coding nws, thiab saib xyuas nws kom ua haujlwm raws li tau npaj tseg, koj tau ua cov kauj ruam loj rau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm hacker.

Kauj Ruam 7: Arduino Nano Header Pins

Tam sim no koj lub khoos phis tawj txhim kho tau teeb tsa kom thauj cov lej mus rau Arduino Nano thiab Nano tau raug sim, tshem tawm USB cable los ntawm Nano thiab npaj tau los txhuam.

Yog tias koj tshiab rau soldering, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo thiab cov vis dis aus online hais txog kev siv tshuaj yaj yeeb. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv. Yog tias koj xav tias koj xav tau kev pab ntxiv, sim nrhiav cov pab pawg hauv cheeb tsam lossis chaw hacker hauv koj thaj chaw. Tsis tas li, cov koom haum nyiam mloog xov tooj cua ib txwm yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws.

Solder ob kab ib kab taub hau (kaum tsib tus pin) rau Arduino Nano module. Rau tus pin ICSP (hauv-Circuit ntu kev ua haujlwm txuas) yuav tsis siv rau hauv txoj haujlwm no, yog li cia li tso cov pins tawm.

Thaum cov txheej txheem ua tiav tiav, txheeb xyuas kom zoo rau cov choj txuas thiab/lossis cov khoom sib dhos txias. Thaum kawg, nqes Arduino Nano rov qab mus rau USB cable thiab txheeb xyuas tias txhua yam tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Kauj Ruam 8: ENC28J60 Ethernet Module

ENC28J60 (cov ntawv) yog Ethernet tus tswj hwm nti. Ua tsaug rau nws SPI interface, nws yog qhov yooj yim siv rau nrog txawm tias qhov yooj yim microcontrollers.

Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov qauv ntawm cov qauv no muaj LDO tus tswj hluav taws xob tso cai rau lawv kom tsav los ntawm 5V txawm tias ENC28J60 nti yog 3.3V. Cov qauv no tsis muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab yuav tsum tau muab nrog 3.3V sab nraud.

EtherCard Arduino Library ua haujlwm qis-cuam tshuam los ntawm koj tus lej Arduino mus rau lub network. Lub tsev qiv ntawv los nrog ob peb yam piv txwv. Ib qho zoo los pib nrog yog rov qabSoon.ino uas yuav cia koj nkag mus rau qhov kos duab ntawm Arduino Nano los ntawm ib lub vev xaib ntawm tib lub LAN.

Kauj Ruam 9: Crossover Adapter Plug

Ethernet crossover (Wikipedia) yog lub cable lossis adapter txuas siv los txuas cov cuab yeej suav ua ke ncaj qha. Nws feem ntau siv los txuas ob lub cuab yeej ntawm tib hom, piv txwv. ob lub khoos phis tawj (ntawm lawv cov tswj kev sib txuas hauv network) lossis ob txoj kev sib hloov. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov kab txuas txuas lossis ncaj qha los ntawm cov xov tooj tau siv los txuas cov cuab yeej ntawm ntau hom, xws li khoos phis tawj rau kev hloov pauv network lossis Ethernet hub.

Cov xov hluav taws xob nyob hauv qhov kev hla dhau yog txhob txwm hla mus txuas cov teeb liab xa mus rau ntawm ib qho kawg kom tau txais cov cim ntawm lwm qhov kawg thiab hloov pauv.

Kauj Ruam 10: HACK PLANET

Yog tias koj tau nyiam qhov Instrucable thiab xav kom muaj lub thawv khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis zoo li qhov no xa mus rau koj lub thawv ntawv txhua lub hlis, thov koom nrog HackerBox kev hloov pauv los ntawm SUBSCRIBING HERE.

Mus txog thiab qhia koj qhov ua tiav hauv cov lus hauv qab no lossis ntawm HackerBoxes Facebook Page. Muaj tseeb qhia rau peb paub yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis xav tau kev pab nrog dab tsi. Ua tsaug rau koj ua ib feem ntawm HackerBoxes. Thov khaws koj cov lus pom thiab tawm tswv yim tuaj. HackerBoxes yog koj lub thawv. Cia peb ua tej yam zoo!