High-Precision Controller Kub: 6 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv ntiaj teb kom taug qab qhov ntsuas kub aka (txav ntawm cov atoms hauv thermodynamics) yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev ib qho yuav tsum xav txog yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, pib los ntawm cell biology mus rau lub zog roj foob pob hluav taws thiab lub zog. Hauv cov khoos phis tawj thiab txhua qhov chaw uas kuv tsis nco qab hais txog. Lub tswv yim tom qab qhov ntsuas no yooj yim zoo nkauj. Thaum tsim kho firmware Kuv xav tau kev teeb tsa teeb tsa qhov twg kuv tuaj yeem kuaj lub firmware rau cov yoov hloov pauv ntawm peb cov khoom, uas yog xuas tes ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kom tsis txhob ua txhua yam tsis ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog cov lus hais los saum no. Cov cuab yeej no yuav tsum tau kub thiab yog li yuav tsum tau ntsuas thiab ntsuas kub kom raug txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom txhua qhov ntawm cov cuab yeej nce thiab khiav, thiab uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tsawg ua tau zoo. Siv NTC cov thermistors los daws txoj haujlwm muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig. NTCs (qhov kub tsis zoo coefficient) yog cov thermistors tshwj xeeb uas hloov qhov tsis kam nyob ntawm qhov kub. Cov NTCs ua ke nrog nrog kev ntsuas ntsuas pom los ntawm Stanely Hart thiab John Steinhart raws li tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Kev Tshawb Fawb Dej Hiav Txwv 1968 vol.15, pp 497-503 Pergamon Xovxwm" yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv kuv rooj plaub. Daim ntawv tham txog cov txheej txheem ntsuas kub ntau (ntau pua Kelvins…) nrog cov khoom siv ntawd. Hauv kuv qhov kev nkag siab, los ntawm keeb kwm kev tsim vaj tsev, yooj yim dua qhov system/sensor zoo dua. Tsis muaj leej twg xav kom muaj qee yam nyuaj nyob hauv dej, ntawm qhov tob tob uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum ntsuas qhov kub tsuas yog vim lawv qhov nyuaj. Kuv tsis ntseeg lub neej ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kom ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, tej zaum thermocouple yuav, tab sis nws xav tau qee qhov kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob thiab nws yog rau qhov xwm txheej tsis tseeb. Yog li cia peb siv ob qhov ntawd, rau kev tsim lub tshuab txias uas muaj ntau yam kev cov nyom. Qee tus ntawm lawv yog: qib suab nrov, qhov ua piv txwv muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab muaj peev xwm, txhua qhov saum toj no tau hais hauv pob yooj yim thiab siv tau rau kev yooj yim kho thiab saib xyuas ib yam nkaus, tus nqi ib chav. Lub sijhawm no sau cov firmware, teeb tsa tau txais ntau dua thiab hloov kho thiab txhim kho. Qee lub sijhawm, Kuv pom tau tias nws yuav zoo li dhau los ua cov cuab yeej siv ib leeg vim nws nyuaj.

Kauj Ruam 1: Kev Ntsuas Kub los ntawm Steinhart-Hart

Muaj cov ntawv zoo hauv Wikipedia uas yuav pab xam cov thermistor coefficients nyob ntawm qhov xav tau kub thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntau. Feem ntau qhov coefficients yog qhov me me thiab tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv kev ua zauv hauv nws daim ntawv yooj yim.

Steinhart -Hart equation yog tus qauv ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kub sib txawv. Qhov sib npaug yog:

1 T = A + B ln R (R) + C [ln ⁡ (R)] 3 { displaystyle {1 / over T} = A + B / ln (R) + C [ln (R)]^{ 3}}

qhov twg:

T { displaystyle T} yog qhov kub (hauv Kelvin) R { displaystyle R} yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm T (hauv ohms) A { displaystyle A}, B { displaystyle B}, thiab C { displaystyle C} yog Steinhart -Hart coefficients uas sib txawv raws li hom thiab qauv ntawm thermistor thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam. (Feem ntau daim ntawv ntawm kev ua zauv uas siv muaj [ln ⁡ (R)] 2 { displaystyle [ln (R)]^{2}}

lub sij hawm, tab sis qhov no feem ntau tsis quav ntsej vim tias nws feem ntau me dua li lwm qhov kev sib koom ua ke, thiab yog li ntawd tsis pom saum toj no.)

Cov tsim tawm ntawm qhov kev ua zauv:

Cov kab zauv muaj npe tom qab John S. Steinhart thiab Stanley R. Hart uas xub luam tawm txoj kev sib raug zoo xyoo 1968. [1] Xibfwb Steinhart (1929-2003), koom nrog American Geophysical Union thiab ntawm American Association for Advancement of Science, tau koom nrog cov kws qhia ntawv hauv University of Wisconsin -Madison txij xyoo 1969 txog 1991. [2] Dr. Hart, Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij ntawm Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution txij xyoo 1989 thiab koom nrog ntawm Geological Society of America, Asmeskas Geophysical Union, Geochemical Society thiab European Association of Geochemistry, [3] tau cuam tshuam nrog xibfwb Steinhart ntawm Carnegie Institution ntawm Washington thaum qhov sib npaug raug tsim.

Cov ntaub ntawv:

John S. Steinhart, Stanley R. Hart, Calibration curves for thermistors, Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, Volume 15, Issue 4, August 1968, Pages 497-503, ISSN 0011-7471, doi: 10.1016/0011-7471 (68) 90057-0.

"Kev daws teeb meem kev nco ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv hauv University of Wisconsin-Madison txog kev tuag ntawm tus xibfwb uas yog John S. Steinhart" (PDF). University of Wisconsin. 5 Plaub Hlis 2004. Tau txais los ntawm thawj (PDF) ntawm 10 Lub Rau Hli 2010. Rov qab los 2 Lub Xya Hli 2015.

"Dr. Stan Hart,". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Tau txais los ntawm 2 Lub Xya Hli 2015.

Kauj Ruam 2: Sib dhos: Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Qauv

Txhawm rau pib tsim tsev, peb yuav tsum sab laj nrog BOM aka (Bill on Materials) thiab saib seb peb npaj yuav siv qhov twg. Dhau li ntawm BOM, yuav tsum tau siv cov hlau, ob peb lub qhov ntswj, ntswj ntsia hlau thiab rab phom kub kub. Kuv yuav pom zoo cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hauv chaw kuaj ntshav muaj nyob ze koj kom yooj yim.

1. Pawg thawj coj saib-1
2. Hitachi LCD Zaub-1
3. Txhais Tau Zoo 240V >> 5Volt fais fab mov-1
4. Liab LED-3
5. Xiav LED-3
6. Ntsuab LED-1
7. Daj LED-1
8. OMRON Relay (DPDT lossis zoo ib yam 5 Volt) -3
9. Potentiometer 5KOhm-1
10. Resistors (470Ohm)-ntau
11. BC58 Transistor-3
12. Diode-3
13. Tsawg qhov tso tawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob-3
14. SMD LEDs (ntsuab, liab) -6
15. MSP-430 microprocessor (Ti 2553 lossis 2452) -2
16. Neeg kho tshuab hloov Nres-Ua-Ua (240V 60Hz) -1
17. Teb-Encoder-1
18. Ritchco yas yas tuav -2
19. DIP qhov rau MSP -430 Microprocessor -4
20. Hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob rau phab ntsa ntsawb-1
21. Jumper xov hlau (ntau yam xim) - ntau heev
22. NTC sojntsuam aka thermistor 4k7 tus nqi, EPCOS B57045-5
23. 430BOOST-SENSE1- Capacitive Touch BoosterPack (Texas Instruments) -1 (yeem)
24. Cua Txias (tsis teb los tau) yog tias qee yam yuav tsum tau txias txias- (1-3) (xaiv tau)
25. Ntshiab Aluminium Radiator nrog 5 qhov drilled hauv nws rau NTC Probes-1
26. Cov yas yas nrog qhov drilled qhov - 2
27. Ceev, ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab qee qhov ntsia hlau los sib sau ua tus nqa khoom -20 (ib thooj)
28. Hlau mus rau PCB preff_board mounting socket 2-wire version nrog cov ntsia hlau sab hauv-1
29. Sharp® LCD BoosterPack (430BOOST-SHARP96) (xaiv tau), ua haujlwm thib ob pem hauv ntej-1

Kuv paub nws daim nqi loj heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab yuav raug nqi qee qhov nyiaj tsim nyog. Hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej, kuv tau txais txhua yam los ntawm kuv tus tswv ntiav haujlwm. Tab sis yog tias koj hais mav xav kom nws pheej yig, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab qhov khoom siv. Txhua yam ntxiv tau yooj yim kom tau txais los ntawm Farnell14, DigiKey thiab/lossis qee lub khw tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob hauv zos.

Kuv tau txiav txim siab hla txoj kab MSP-430 microprocessor vim kuv muaj lawv tso ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias ib tus tuaj yeem xaiv "AVRs" RISC MCU yooj yim. Ib yam zoo li ATmega168, lossis ATmega644 nrog Pico-Power Technology. Lwm yam AVR microprocessor yuav ua txoj haujlwm. Kuv yog tus "fanboy" loj ntawm Atmel AVR tiag tiag. Thiab muaj nqis los hais yog tias koj los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab txaus siab ua qee qhov kev sib dhos zoo, tsis txhob siv Arduino pawg thawj coj, yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib leeg nyob ib leeg AVRs, uas yuav zoo dua, yog tias tsis yog, sim ua qhov program CPU thiab kos rau hauv lub cuab yeej.

Kauj Ruam 3: Los Ua Ke: Soldering thiab Tsim Hauv Cov Kauj Ruam…

Pib sib dhos aka soldering los ntawm cov khoom me tshaj plaws yog qhov pib zoo. Pib nrog cov cheeb tsam smd thiab thaiv. Solder Power-Bus ua ntej, ib qho zoo li kuv tau ua ntawm kuv preffboard, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom ntev dua hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas txhua qhov ntawm preffboard tau yooj yim nkag mus rau Power-Bus yam tsis muaj kev rov qab los lossis teeb meem. Kuv siv cov xov hlau thoob plaws hauv preffboard, thiab qhov ntawd zoo li vwm, tab sis ib tus tuaj yeem tsim tom qab tsim PCB kom raug, thaum cov qauv ua haujlwm.

• solder SMD qhov chaw (rau lub zog qhia ntawm MSP-430 MCU's, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Vcc thiab GND)
• solder fais fab-tsheb npav thiab txuas (txoj hauv kev uas nws muab lub zog rau MSP-430)
• solder txhua hom DIL qhov (txhawm rau ntsaws MSP-430 x 2 IC's
• solder qis-tso tawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog nws qhov kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog (lub peev xwm, rau lub zog 5 >> 3.3 Volts poob)
• solder transistors, thiab resistors thiab diodes rau kev xa tawm thiab cuam tshuam nrog MCU.
• solder 10k Ohm Potentiometer rau LCD Zaub ci ci tswj.
• solder cov LEDs tom ntej ntawm kev xa tawm, ob lub xeev qhia liab/xiav (xiav = rau, liab = tawm).
• solder Mean Well 240Volts >> 5 Volts fais fab mov nrog nws cov txuas.
• Solder lub tshuab hluav taws xob xiav hloov (so-ua ntej-ua) ib sab ntawm lub zog siv.

Solder txhua yam ntxiv dab tsi ntxiv. Kuv tsis tau tsim cov phiaj xwm tsim nyog los ntawm lub cuab yeej tsuas yog vim tsis muaj sijhawm, tab sis nws yooj yim heev nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob keeb kwm yav dhau los. Thaum ua tiav qhov ua tiav tiav, txhua yam yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas, rau kev sib txuas kom raug kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ua kom luv luv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob.

Tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los teeb tsa cov neeg nqa khoom siv. Raws li hauv cov duab, Kuv tau siv 2 x daim yas yas nrog M3 qhov loj qhov qhov drilled (4 x rau ib phaj) kom muaj cov ntsia hlau ntev thiab cov txiv ntseej thiab tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws khiav los, cov ntsia hlau nyob deb thiab cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo tshaj rau cov kev sib txuas zoo li no. Thery yuav tsum tau nruj ntawm ob sab kom muaj peev xwm tuav tau rau cov phaj ntsuab ua ke.

Lub preffboard yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws pem hauv ntej, uas tau hais tias, cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws pem hauv ntej yuav tsum muaj lub taub loj (txog 5 hli) kom ib tus tuaj yeem ntxig lub preffboard nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab tom qab ntawd zawm lawv. Yog ua kom raug lub rooj tsavxwm yuav sawv ntawm 90 ° khov kho. Lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv los tuav nws hauv qhov chaw, yuav siv Ritcho yas PCB tuav rau ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj deb ntawm 90 ° lub kaum sab xis uas tom qab ntawd yuav pab koj ntswj cov yas yas kom nrug deb. Txij ntawm no mus, koj yuav tsum tuaj yeem ntsaws/txuas lub preffboard.

Tom qab kev teeb tsa preffboard, LCD (16x2) Zaub tuaj raws li tom ntej thiab yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Kuv siv kuv li 4-ntsis kom txuag GPIO ^_ ^)))))))))). Thov siv hom 4-ntsis thov, txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsis muaj GPIO txaus los ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm. Lub teeb nraub qaum, Vcc thiab Gnd raug muag los ntawm Potentiometer rau lub zog-tsheb npav. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia-tsheb npav yuav tsum tau muab ncaj qha rau MSP-430 micrcocontroller. Thov siv tsuas yog digital GPIO. GPIO analog peb xav tau rau NTCs. Muaj 5 x NTC cov cuab yeej, yog li nws nruj heev.

Kauj Ruam 4: Ua tiav qhov kev sib dhos thiab ua kom muaj zog

Txhawm rau txhawm rau teeb tsa qhov kev soj ntsuam/NTCs 5 x daim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, yuav tsum ua qhov drilling. Tham nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm NTC, uas kuv tau ntxiv raws li daim duab rau qhov taub thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov qhov drilled. Tom qab ntawd Lub qhov drilled yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov cuab yeej los lees txais M3 lub taub hau loj ntawm NTCs. Siv 5 x NTC yog yam kho vajtse nruab nrab thiab ua kom du. MSP-430 muaj ADC ntawm 8-ntsis kev daws teeb meem yog li muaj 5 x sensors yuav yooj yim rau nruab nrab cov txiaj ntsig. Peb tsis muab pov tseg Ghz CPUs ntawm no, yog li hauv peb lub ntiaj teb kos txhua txhua CPU moos yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov nruab nrab theem nrab yuav ua tiav hauv Firmware. Txhua NTC yuav tsum muaj ob txhais ceg, thiab kom muaj peev xwm nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm on-board ADC, yuav tsum faib cov hluav taws xob, suav nrog R (NTC)+R (def). Qhov chaw nres nkoj ADC yuav tsum txuas nrog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob qho no. R (def) yog tus tiv thaiv thib ob uas yuav tsum tau kho tus nqi 0.1 % lossis zoo dua, feem ntau nyob hauv ntau nrog R (NTC). Xaiv tau koj tuaj yeem ntxiv OP-Amp los ua kom nrov nrov. Thov xa mus rau daim duab hauv ntu no txhawm rau txuas NTC prpbes.

Thaum cov laug tau ua tiav thiab tau txheeb xyuas, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog teeb tsa lub MSP-430 microcontroller rau hauv lawv cov DIL qhov (socket). Tab sis ua ntej lawv yuav tsum tau programmed. Hauv theem no, nws muaj peev xwm qhib lub cuab yeej (tsis muaj lub microcontroller) rau kev sim ua ntej. Yog tias txhua yam tau sib sau ua ke kom raug lub cuab yeej yuav tsum qhib hluav taws xob thiab kev xa tawm yuav tsum tsis nyob hauv lub xeev, qhia los ntawm LEDs liab, thiab cov kiv cua yuav tsum khiav thiab tso saib yuav tsum nyob ntawm tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws, tsuas yog lub teeb rov qab xiav..

Kauj Ruam 5: Tus neeg siv tswv yim, Rotary-Encoder thiab Capacitive-Touch Booster-Pack

Nws yog ib txwm zoo kom muaj lub cuab yeej siv, uas tuaj yeem siv los nkag cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv lub cuab yeej. Lub Pob Ntseg Sib Nqus nrog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm no. Nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau nkag mus rau qhov ntsuas kub rau cov kiv cua ntsia ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws cia tus neeg siv nkag mus rau qhov pib tshiab rau qhov kub ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog tig sab laug lossis sab xis, tuaj yeem ntxiv lossis rho tawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv thaj tsam ntawm (20-100 ° C). Tus nqi qis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm chav sov ib puag ncig.

Lub pob qhov rooj no muaj cov khoom siv me me uas xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub microcontroller. Cov laj thawj siab/qis yog tom qab ntawd txhais los ntawm GPIO rau kev tawm tswv yim.

Qhov khoom siv thib ob yog Ti's capacitive touch booster-pack. Nws muaj peev xwm siv Booster-pack ib yam nkaus, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si, tsuas yog vim tsis muaj GPIO ntawm lub hom phiaj MCU. Pob Booster coj mus rau ntau GPIO.

Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, Pob qhov rooj zoo dua li Booster-Pack. Tab sis nws zoo kom muaj kev xaiv. Yog tias xav tau pob Booster ces muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv npaj los ntawm Ti siv nws. Kuv tsis mus ntawm no kom paub meej txog nws.

Kauj Ruam 6: Cov Ntsiab Lus: Kev Ntsuas Ib puag ncig Kub thiab Cov Tswv Yim Ntxiv ……

Tom qab MCU Kev teeb tsa thaum lub zog nce, nws yuav zoo siab tos txais koj thiab tom qab ntawv ntsuas. Lub firmware thawj zaug ua rau cov kiv cua nyob hauv lub xeev. Pib ua ntu zus ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm 5 x NTC qhov kev soj ntsuam, uas tom qab ntawd sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho txiaj ntsig. Tom qab ntawd tus nqi no thiab kev sib piv (cov ntaub ntawv siv) pib, nws tig kiv cua (lossis cov cuab yeej xav tau, txhua yam ntxiv) txuas rau DPDT xa tawm lossis tawm. Xav txog tias koj tuaj yeem txuas rau cov 3 x Relays txhua yam uas xav tau kom tig lossis tua. Kev xa tawm muaj peev xwm hla dhau 16 Ampers tam sim no, tab sis kuv tsis xav tias nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los pib siv cov haujlwm hnyav xws li ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawd.

Kuv vam tias qhov "khoom" (^_^) …….. hehe yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm tus. Kuv txoj kev koom tes rau lub ntiaj teb hive siab ^^).

Kuv xav tias ib tus neeg yuav sim tsim nws. Tab sis yog tias lawv ua, Kuv yuav zoo siab pab txhua yam. Kuv muaj cov firmware hauv CCS thiab hauv Energia. Thov qhia rau kuv paub cov hais mav yog tias koj xav tau. Kuj zoo siab los sau ntawv rau kuv txog cov lus nug thiab cov lus qhia. Txais tos los ntawm "Tshav Ntuj" Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.