Txhua Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Txog Beginner Electronics: 12 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Nyob zoo dua. Hauv Cov Lus Qhia no peb yuav npog lub ncauj lus dav heev: txhua yam. Kuv paub tias tej zaum yuav zoo li tsis yooj yim sua, tab sis yog koj xav txog nws, peb lub ntiaj teb tag nrho raug tswj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, los ntawm kev tswj dej mus rau kev tsim cov kas fes mus rau kev mus ua haujlwm/ tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov khoom sib xws zoo sib xws (resistors, transistors, potentiometers, capacitors, keyboards, thiab ntau yam, ntau ntxiv, ntau ntxiv). Cov khoom no txhua tus ua tiav ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no- kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, ua cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, nas (uas yog ua ke ntawm ntau daim me me) ntsuas txoj haujlwm, lub khoos phis tawj xav txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawd, thiab lub computer saib xyuas txav tus cursor raws li koj tus nas. Cia peb pib Qhia Cov Lus no los ntawm kev hla qee yam ntawm cov khoom tau hais los saum no.

Kauj ruam 1: Hloov

Ahh, qhov hloov zoo qub. Muaj ib qho ntawm cov no hauv yuav luag txhua qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tau ua. Yog tias koj muaj cov phiaj xwm zoo uas tsis muaj ib qho, thov tawm tswv yim hauv qab no (cov roj teeb ntawm tes + LEDs tsis suav ntawm no). Xijpeem, qhov hloov pauv muaj ib txoj haujlwm- tso hluav taws xob hla, lossis tsis yog. Tsis muaj qhov seem ntau los hais txog tus hero uas tsis tau hais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Kauj ruam 2: Resistors

Cov resistors yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov Circuit Court. Kuv yuav nyuaj-nias kom pom ib qho PCB (uas tau luam tawm Circuit Board, rau tus neeg tso) uas tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txo qis. Cov neeg tiv taus tau siv coj ib qho hluav taws xob thiab txo nws mus rau qis dua. Tsis muaj ntau yam ntxiv yuav tsum tau hais txog cov khoom tseem ceeb me me no.

Kauj ruam 3: Trasnistors

Transistors tuaj yeem ua rau tsis meej pem, tshwj xeeb nrog txhua yam sib txawv. Qhov tseem ceeb, transistor yog qhov hloov pauv ib nrab los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Cov me me, tab sis cov hloov pauv muaj zog tuaj hauv ntau yam qauv sib txawv, txhua tus nrog lub hom phiaj sib txawv me ntsis. Txhua lub voj voog niaj hnub muaj peev xwm ua cov ntaub ntawv muaj ib ntawm cov hais mav no.

Kauj ruam 4: Capicitor

Capacitors yog ib txoj hauv kev khaws cov hluav taws xob me me. Nov yog qhov lawv ua haujlwm li cas: Muaj ob daim hlau faib los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog cov khoom siv. Hom khoom siv tsis zoo, lossis dielectric, txiav txim siab hom capacitor, thiab nws yuav siv rau dab tsi.

Kauj Ruam 5: Potentiometers/Rheostats

Lub Potentiometer yog qhov txaus nyiam, thiab tseem ceeb, hom kev sib txawv resistor. Muaj 3 tus pin- 2 cov tswv yim thiab ib qho tso tawm. Siv tag nrho peb tus pin ua rau nws ntau dua ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob rau kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, thaum siv ob tus pin ua rau nws yog txoj kev qub qub ntawm kev zawv zawg hluav taws xob. Yog tias koj yog ib yam zoo li kuv, koj xav paub tias nws ua haujlwm li cas. Yeej, muaj tus tiv thaiv uas swb lossis wiper txav mus los, ua qhov nrug hluav taws xob hloov pauv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub wiper/ swb. Qhov no nce, lossis txo qis, qhov tsis kam. Potentiometers feem ntau zoo li daim duab saum toj no, tab sis lawv cov duab thiab qhov loj yuav txawv.

Kauj Ruam 6: Txhuam DC Tsav

Qhov no zoo nkauj heev. Kuv siv los qhia menyuam yaus (lawv tau siv kuv lub hnub nyoog- Kuv nyob qib tsib) DC lub cav los ntawm kev txuas lub davhlau ya nyob twg rau lub roj teeb 9V thiab voila- nws tig! Txhua tus menyuam yaus tau khib (lossis yog li kuv xav tsis thoob). Koj tuaj yeem tuav lub zog ntawm lub cav ib yam nkaus. Nws yog cov cuab yeej yooj yim heev- muaj ob lossis ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib nqus uas hloov pauv qhov sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov hlau nplaum ib txwm uas tig los vim yog kev quab yuam los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob (saib daim duab saum toj no).

Kauj ruam 7: Relay

Relay yog qhov hloov pauv los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Kuv kos nws rau ntawm kuv lub whiteboard hauv daim duab saum toj no. Qhov tseem ceeb, Ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, ua rau nws kov lwm cov hluav taws xob, yog li cia tam sim no hla lub Circuit Court.

Kauj Ruam 8: Piezo Buzzer

Piezo Buzzer yog ib qho uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kuv txhais tau tias, leej twg xav hnov "BEEP, BEEP, BEEP!" thaum twg peb tab tom ntxuav lub tub yees? Los yog thaum lub microwave txav mus, tab sis koj tsis xav tso tseg saib Sherlock, thiab koj raug yuam kom ua siab ntev "Beep beep, Beep Beep, Beep beep." Txawm li cas los xij, cov hais lus me me sudo yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob. Yog tias koj xav kom koj lub vev xaib muab cov lus tawm suab, tab sis tsis xav tau tus hais lus tsis tu ncua, cov no yog koj cov khoom mus. Lawv ua suab nrov nrog cov phaj me me hu ua piezo. Hluav taws xob khiav hla lub piezo, ua rau nws deeg tau nrawm heev. Qhov kev tawm suab no ua rau huab cua ntxais, lwm yam hu ua suab. Lub suab ntawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev nrawm ntawm kev co, thiab qhov nrawm ntawm kev co yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 9: LED Qij

Cov teeb pom kev me me no muaj ntau heev hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nws tsis tshua pom muaj tsawg kawg 20 ntawm cov no hauv koj lub tsev. Lawv yog cov me me, pheej yig, txuag hluav taws xob, ci ntsa iab, thiab lawv tsis kub. Dab tsi tsis nyiam? Yeej, lub teeb nyob rau hauv LED, lossis Lub Teeb Emitting Diode, yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob txav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yog kwv yees li sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv qhov kev ua kom txaus siab tshaj plaws, Kuv txaus siab tso me me ntsuab lossis dawb LEDs kom muaj sia nyob.

*Lus ceeb toom: Nco ntsoov txhuam tam sim no mus rau hauv LED nrog qee yam tiv thaiv. Lawv feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis, ib puag ncig 3.3 volts.

Kauj Ruam 10: Microcontrollers

Cov kauj ruam no txawv ntawm lwm tus, vim nws tsis yog hais txog ib feem, tab sis yog lub ncauj lus. Microcontrollers yog cov khoos phis tawj yooj yim uas siv los nqus, txhais, nthuav tawm, thiab teb rau cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau microcontrollers siv tag nrho lossis feem ntau ntawm cov khoom peb tau tham. Txij li muaj ntau hom microcontrollers, kuv yuav muab rau peb ntawm qhov tau pom zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pib tshiab- Arduino, Raspberry Pi, thiab BeagleBone. Peb lub rooj tsavxwm no yog txhua lub programmable thiab tuaj yeem siv rau txhua qhov haujlwm.

*Kev tsis lees paub: Kuv tsuas yog tus tswv Arduino thiab Raspberry Pi, yog li kuv tsis tuaj yeem cog lus rau BeagleBone.

Kauj ruam 11: Programming

Programming yog txaus. Kuv tau txais qhov kev sov siab thaum twg kuv tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho program, ib yam ntawm adrenaline maj, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib ntaus/lus teb. Kuv xav piav qhia txhua yam kuv paub txog kev ua haujlwm, tab sis qhov ntawd yuav siv sijhawm ib ntus. Yog li ntawm no yog cov ntawv tso ua ke: Muaj ntau ntau hom lus khoos phis tawj nkag siab (C, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, C ++, Java, thiab lwm yam), thiab kawm hais lus (lossis hom) cov lus no yog ib yam zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau rau koj tus kheej. Thaum koj kawm cov lus, tsuas yog qhia lub khoos phis tawj (lossis microcontroller) yam koj xav kom nws ua, thiab nws yuav ua raws, tom qab qee qhov kev debug. Tsis muaj txawm tias qhov kev paub yooj yim ntawm cov phiaj xwm, koj yuav poob ua ntej koj nce ntawm lub nkoj piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Kauj Ruam 12: Nov Yog Txhua Tus, Cov Neeg

Qhov no xaus qhov Kev Qhia Paub. Ua tsaug rau kev nyeem ntawv, thiab thov siv sijhawm los pov npav rau kuv hauv Kev Sib Tw Pib Hluav Taws Xob yog tias koj nyiam phau ntawv qhia no. Kuv vam thiab cia siab tias koj tau txais kev tshoov siab kom siv hluav taws xob tsim tam sim no.