Cov txheej txheem:
- Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Kev Xav ntawm H-Choj
- Kauj Ruam 2: H-Choj Siv Relays
- Kauj Ruam 3: H-Bride Siv Transistors
- Kauj Ruam 4: H-Choj Siv NE555
- Kauj Ruam 5: H-BRIDGE IC
Video: Tsis paub txog ntawm 'Mysterious' H-Choj: 5 Kauj Ruam
2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28
Nyob zoo ….
Rau cov neeg nyiam siv hluav taws xob tshiab H-Choj yog 'qhov txawv' ib qho (txiav txim siab H-Choj). Kuj rau kuv. Tab sis, qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tus neeg tsis muaj txim. Yog li, ntawm no kuv tau sim qhia qhov tsis muaj txim ntawm qhov 'paub tsis meej' H-Choj.
Tom qab:
Thaum kuv nyob rau qib 9, kuv txaus siab ua haujlwm ntawm DC rau AC hloov pauv (inverter). Tab sis kuv tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Kuv tau sim ntau heev thiab thaum kawg kuv pom txoj hauv kev, uas hloov DC rau AC tab sis, nws tsis yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, nws yog cov khoom siv tshuab. Ntawd yog, DC lub cev muaj zog txuas nrog AC dynamo. Thaum lub cav tig lub dynamo kuj tig thiab tsim AC. AC tau los ntawm DC tab sis, kuv tsis txaus siab vim tias kuv lub hom phiaj yog tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Tom qab ntawd kuv pom tias nws ua tiav los ntawm H-Choj. Tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd kuv tsis paub ntau txog transistors thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas. Yog li kuv ntsib ntau yam nyuaj thiab teeb meem yog li, H-Choj yog qhov 'tsis paub' rau kuv. Tab sis tom qab qee xyoo kuv tsim ntau hom H-Bridges. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kuv pom qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm qhov 'paub tsis meej' H-Choj.
Cov txiaj ntsig:
Tam sim no ib hnub sib txawv H-Choj ICs tam sim no tab sis, kuv tsis txaus siab rau nws. Vim tias, nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog li tsis xav tau debugging. Thaum ua tsis tiav tshwm sim peb kawm paub ntau ntxiv los ntawm nws. Kuv txaus siab rau tus qauv tsis sib xws (qauv qauv transistor). Yog li, ntawm no kuv tau sim tshem koj cov teeb meem mus rau H-Choj. Thiab kuv kuj ntseeg tias, txoj haujlwm no yuav tshem koj txoj kev ntshai mus rau theem kev hloov pauv hauv Circuit Court. Yog li, peb pib peb txoj kev taug….
Kauj Ruam 1: Txoj Kev Xav ntawm H-Choj
Yuav hloov AC rau DC li cas? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim, los ntawm kev siv lub rectifier (feem ntau yog tus choj txuas txuas tag nrho). Tab sis yuav ua li cas hloov DC rau AC? Nws nyuaj dua saum toj ib qho. AC txhais tau tias nws qhov ntau thiab qhov hloov pauv nrog lub sijhawm. Ua ntej peb tau sim hloov qhov polarity, vim nws tau ua AC los ua AC. Tom qab kev xav me ntsis, nws tau pom tias kev hloov pauv tau los ntawm kev hloov qhov sib txuas ntawm + thiab - ib txhij. Rau nws peb siv qhov hloov pauv rau nws (SPDT). Circuit yog muab rau hauv Daim Duab. Hloov S1 thiab S3, hloov S2 thiab S4 tsis ON ib txhij vim nws tsim hluav taws xob luv ('haus luam yeeb hluav taws xob').
- Thaum hloov S1 thiab S4 ON zoo (+) tau txais ntawm taw tes "a" thiab tsis zoo (-) tau txais ntawm taw tes "b" (S2 thiab S3 OFF) (Daim duab 1.1).
- Thaum S2 thiab S3 nyob hauv ON qhov zoo (+) tau txais ntawm taw tes "b" thiab tsis zoo (-) tau txais ntawm taw tes "a" (S1 thiab S4 OFF) (Daim duab 1.2).
Bingo !! peb tau nws, polarity hloov. Ntawm no cov hloov pauv tau ua haujlwm rau tus kheej rau daim ntawv thov hloov pauv tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv yog dab tsi? Cov khoom yooj yim uas tswj hwm qhov loj tam sim no los ntawm kev siv cov dej me me rau nws. Piv txwv:- relays, transistors, mosfets, IGBT, thiab lwm yam … Kev xa tawm yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, pib nrog qhov no. Vim nws yog qhov yooj yim.
Ib qho qauv ua haujlwm ntawm H-Choj siv kev hloov pauv tau muab rau hauv qab no (Daim duab 1.3), coj qhia qhov sib txawv. Cov neeg tiv thaiv tau siv los txwv qhov tam sim no los ntawm kev coj thiab dhau los uas muab kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog rau kev coj ua.
Cheebtsam:-
- Ib tus ncej Muab Ob npaug Pov (SPDT) hloov - 4
- 9V roj teeb thiab txuas - 1
- LED liab - 1
- LED ntsuab -1
- Resistor, 1k - 2
- Hlau
Kauj Ruam 2: H-Choj Siv Relays
Relay yog dab tsi?
Nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog cov kauj, thaum lub zog ua kom muaj zog, qhov sib nqus tau tsim thiab nws tau nyiam cov hlau sib txuas thiab nws kaw qhov Circuit Court. Relay muaj SPDT hloov, ib txhais ceg ib txwm qhib (TSIS MUAJ), nws raug kaw thaum lub zog txhawb zog, lwm qhov ib txwm raug kaw (NC), nws raug kaw thaum coil tsis muaj zog thiab ib tus lej nquag. Piav qhia hauv daim duab.
Ua hauj lwm
Ntawm no SPDT hloov pauv los ntawm kev xa tawm. Nws yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov Circuit Court saum toj no. Cov xa hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob siv txog 100 mA ntawm qhov tam sim no, muaj rau theem tsav tsheb xav tau los ua kom muaj zog tam sim no los ntawm kev txo qis kev cuam tshuam. Ntawm no kuv tab tom siv transistor ua tus tsav tsheb. Tus tiv thaiv R1 thiab R2 yog ua raws li rub cov neeg tawm tsam, nws rub lub qhov rooj hluav taws xob nqes mus rau hauv av thaum tsis muaj teeb liab teeb liab.
Daim duab qhia hluav taws xob tau muab rau ntawm no. Ib qho khoom ua si lub cev ua haujlwm raws li lub nra.
Cheebtsam
5V relay - 2
Qho khoom ua si cav (3v) - 1
Transistor, T1 & T2 - BC 547 -2
Resistor R1 & R2 - 56K - 2
9V roj teeb & txuas - 1
Hlau
Kauj Ruam 3: H-Bride Siv Transistors
QAUV - 1
Ntawm no tus kheej hloov pauv tau hloov los ntawm cov transistors tsis sib xws. Rau kev tswj tus nqi zoo PNP tau siv thiab Rau qhov tsis zoo tswj NPN tau siv. NPN ua raws li qhov hloov pauv thaum lub qhov rooj hluav taws xob yog 0.7V ntau dua li qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm. Ntawm no nws tseem yog 0.7V. Rau PNP, nws tau ua raws li qhov hloov pauv thaum lub qhov rooj hluav taws xob yog 0.7V tsawg dua li qhov tso tawm hluav taws xob. Ntawm no nws yog 8.3V, vim tias ntawm no PNP emitter voltage yog 9V. Ntawm no PNP transistors tau ON los ntawm NPN transistor, nws ua raws li 180 degree theem hloov pauv. Nws muab qhov tsim nyog 8.3V rau PNP transistor.
Ua hauj lwm
Thaum cov tswv yim 1 yog siab thiab cov tswv yim 2 yog qis, T1 yog ON los ntawm kev hloov ntawm qhov ua ntawm yog tus tsav tsheb transistor. Vim tias nws yog NPN thiab cov tswv yim kuj siab. Kuj T4 yog ON. Thaum cov tswv yim hloov pauv qhov tso tawm kuj tseem hloov pauv. Lub resistors R3, R4, R7, R8 ua raws li qhov txwv tam sim no resistor rau lub hauv paus tam sim no. R1, R2 ua raws li rub tawm resistors rau T1 thiab T2. R5, R6 yog ua raws li rub tawm resistors.
Cheebtsam
T1, T2 - SS8550 - 2
T3, T4 - SS8050 - 2
Lwm yam transistor - BC 547 - 2
R1, R2, R5, R6 - 100K - 4
R3, R4, R7, R8 - 39K - 4
9V roj teeb thiab txuas - 1
Hlau
QAUV-2
Ntawm no tus tsav tsheb transistors raug tshem tawm thiab siv cov laj thawj yooj yim. Uas txo qhov kho vajtse. Kev txo cov cuab yeej yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Hauv cov qauv saum toj no cov tsav tsheb tau siv los tsim lub peev xwm tsis zoo (nrog kev hwm rau VCC) los tsav PNP. Ntawm no qhov tsis zoo raug coj los ntawm qhov ib nrab ntawm tus choj. Qhov ntawd yog thawj zaug NPN tau hloov pauv, nws tsim qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tso tawm, nws yuav tsav PNP transistor. Txhua tus resistor siv ntawm no yog rau lub hom phiaj txwv tam sim no. Circuit Court muab rau hauv daim duab.
Cheebtsam
T1, T2 - SS8550 - 2T3, T4 - SS8050 - 2
R1, R2, R3, R4 - 47K - 49V roj teeb thiab txuas - 1 Cov xov hlau
Kauj Ruam 4: H-Choj Siv NE555
Kuv txaus siab heev rau hauv Circuit no vim tias ntawm no siv 555 IC. Kuv nyiam IC.
NPE 555
555 yog IC zoo heev rau cov pib tshiab. Yeej nws yog lub sijhawm tab sis nws tseem ua haujlwm li oscillator, hloov pauv, hloov pauv, tig-flop, thiab lwm yam, thiab tam sim no kuv hais tias nws kuj ua raws li H-Choj. Ntawm no 555 ua raws li kev hloov. Yog li tus pin 2 & 6 tau luv. Thaum qhov zoo (Vcc) siv rau nws tus pin 2 & 6 cov zis tawm mus rau qis thiab thaum cov tswv yim qis cov zis mus rau siab. 555 qhov tso tawm theem yog ib nrab H-Choj Circuit. Yog li siv ob 555 siv.
Ua hauj lwm
Circuit Court muab rau hauv daim duab. Thaum tawm tswv yim 1 yog siab thiab tawm tswv yim 2 qis, taw tes 'a' yuav qis thiab taw tes 'b' ntawm siab. thaum input alters output kuj alters. Lub nra yog khoom ua si cav. Yog li nws tau ua raws li tus tsav tsheb vim nws hloov txoj kev taw qhia lub cav. cov capacitors ruaj khov qhov sib piv voltage (sab hauv 555 ic). Resistors ua raws li rub tawm rau thaum tsis muaj kev thov nkag.
Cheebtsam
NE555-2
R1, R2 - -56K - 2
C1, C2 - 10nF - 2
Qho khoom ua si cav - 1
9V roj teeb thiab txuas - 1
Hlau
Kauj Ruam 5: H-BRIDGE IC
Kuv ntseeg tias txhua tus tau hnov txog H-Bridge IC lossis DC lub cev tswj IC. Vim tias nws muaj ntau nyob hauv txhua tus qauv tsav tsheb. Nws yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev tsim vim tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv sab nraud xav tau tsuas yog thaiv. Tsis muaj teeb meem rau nws.
Feem ntau muaj IC yog L293D. Lwm tus kuj muaj.
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