Arduino Zener Diode Tester: 6 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:28

Zener Diode Tester yog tswj los ntawm Arduino Nano. Tester ntsuas qhov tawg Zener voltage rau diodes los ntawm 1.8V txog 48V. Lub zog tso tawm ntawm cov ntsuas diodes tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 250mW rau ob peb Watts. Kev ntsuas yog qhov yooj yim, tsuas yog txuas lub diode thiab nias lub pob pib.

Arduino Nano maj mam txuas ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm qis dua mus rau siab dua, hauv plaub theem. Rau txhua kauj ruam, tam sim no raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev ntsuas Zener diode. Yog tias tam sim no dhau tus nqi xoom (tsis yog xoom), nws txhais tau tias: Zener Voltage tau kuaj pom. Hauv qhov no qhov hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim rau qee lub sijhawm (kho los ntawm software rau 10 vib nas this) thiab ntsuas tau nres. Tam sim no hauv txhua kauj ruam yog tas li los ntawm txhua qhov hluav taws xob hauv qhov ntawd thiab tau nce zuj zus los ntawm kev nce qib tus lej - qhov ntau qhov hluav taws xob.

Txhawm rau tswj lub zog tawm mus rau qhov siab dua, tam sim no hauv qhov no yuav tsum raug txo. Tester yog tsim los ntsuas diodes los ntawm 250mW thiab 500mW. Zener diodes nrog lub zog siab dua, tuaj yeem ntsuas tib txoj hauv kev, tab sis ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis dua li 5%.

CEEB TOOM: Thov ceev faj heev. Hauv qhov haujlwm no siab siv hluav taws xob 110/220V. Yog tias koj tsis paub txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kov lub zog tseem ceeb, tsis txhob sim ua Cov Lus Qhia no!

Kauj ruam 1: Zener Diode

Zener diode yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm diode feem ntau siv hauv kev sib txuas zoo li siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Hauv ntej qhov taw qhia qhov hluav taws xob I-V cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov hom phiaj dav dav. Voltage poob yog li 0.6V. Kev ntxub ntxaug hauv kev rov qab, muaj qhov taw tes, qhov uas tam sim no nce nrawm dua - tawg qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov hluav taws xob no hu ua Zener voltage. Txij ntawm no mus, Zener diode txuas ncaj qha rau lub zog hluav taws xob nrog qhov hluav taws xob tas li, yuav hlawv tam sim. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj, vim li cas tam sim no dhau los ntawm Zener diode, yuav tsum tau txwv los ntawm tus tiv thaiv.

Cov yam ntxwv I-V tau tshwm ntawm daim duab. Txhua hom Zener diode piav qhia tus nqi tam sim no uas yog txoj cai Zener qhov hluav taws xob tau teev tseg. (Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem hloov me ntsis los ntawm kev nce tam sim no). Raug tam sim no rau diodes nrog lub zog xa tawm txog 250 txog 500mW, yog 3 txog 10mA thiab nyob ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob.

Kev tawg qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov ruaj khov rau ntau yam ntawm cov dej ntws thiab yog qhov raug thiab sib txawv rau txhua qhov diode. Nws tus nqi yuav yog los ntawm kwv yees li 2V txog rau 100V. Zener diodes, uas yog siv feem ntau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, tau teev tseg nrog qhov hluav taws xob tsawg dua 50V.

Kauj Ruam 2: Qhov Chaw

Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv:

• Cov ntaub ntawv kaw los ntawm OKW, Plhaub-hom OKW 9408331
• Hi-Link AC/DC adapter 220V/12V, 2pcs, eBay
• Hi-Link AC/DC adapter 220V/5V, 2pcs, eBay
• AC/DC adapter 220V/24V 150mA, eBay
• Arduino Nano, Banggood
• Capacitors M1 2pcs, M33 1pc, khw hauv zos
• Diodes 1N4148 5pcs, Banggood
• IC1, LM317T, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab, eBay
• IC2, 78L12, eBay
• Transistors 2N222 5pcs, Banggood
• Siv 351, 5V, 4pcs, eBay
• Reed relay, 5V, eBay
• Resistors 33R, 470R, 1k 4pcs, 4.7k, 10k, 15k 2pcs, khw hauv zos
• Trimm3296W 100R, 200R, 500R 2pcs, eBay
• Ntsia hlau dav hlau thaiv, Banggood
• Connector Molex 2pins, Banggood
• Connector Molex 3pins, Banggood
• Kev hloov pauv me me me me, eBay
• LED zaub 0-100V, 3 kab, eBay
• Lub hwj chim ntsaws nkag, eBay
• Lub davhlau ya nyob twg lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, eBay
• Microswitch thiab khawm, Banggood
• LED 3mm ntsuab thiab liab, 2pcs, Banggood
• Fuse 0.5A thiab tus tuav fuse 5x20mm, eBay
• Lub hwj huam loj rau cov twj paj nruag me me

Cov Cuab Yeej:

• Laum Fais Fab
• Soldering Hlau
• Phom Kub
• Kub Melt Glue Gun
• Hlau Stripper thiab Cutter
• Ntsia Hlau Teeb
• Pliers Teeb
• Multimeter

Daim ntawv teev cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws yog nyob ntawm no:

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev piav qhia Circuit

Cov lus piav qhia hauv Circuit xa mus rau daim duab txuas txuas:

Ntawm sab laug, muaj qhov hluav taws xob siab. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv rau 220V kev txuas thiab tag nrho tsib AC/DC adapters. Cov hloov pauv xa cov ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv plaub theem - ntau yam: 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V.

Cov Qauv 5VA thiab 5VB tau mob siab rau MCU Arduino Nano thiab Digital Led Voltmeter. Modules 12VA muab thawj ntau yam 12V thiab module 12VB ntxiv lwm 12V rau qhov txiaj ntsig thib ob 24V. Tom ntej module 24V ntxiv lwm 24V rau tag nrho cov plaub theem hluav taws xob 48V. Sab hauv 24V qhov kawg yog 12V tus tswj hwm Circuit, muab 12V ua tus nqi thib peb rau 36V. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias qhov loj ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tsis tso cai rau rau lub khoos phis tawj tau teeb rau ntawm nws.

Hauv ib nrab yog nyob IC1 LM317. IC1 yuav tsum yog hloov kho rau qhov siab dua (50V). Nws tau txuas nrog raws li kev tswj hwm tam sim no Circuit Court thiab muab qhov tam sim no tas mus li los ntawm txhua qhov ntawm txhua kauj ruam voltage. Qhov tam sim no ruaj khov hauv ib puag ncig, tab sis sib txawv hauv txhua kauj ruam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau kho tau thiab yog 20mA (12V), 10mA (24V), 7mA (36V), 5mA (48V). Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tau xaiv raws li kev txwv qis dua rau diode nrog 250mW lub zog thiab lawv zoo txaus rau cov diodes muaj zog dua.

Ntawm ob sab ntawm IC1 yog kev xa tawm, txuas nrog cov theem hluav taws xob raug rau nws cov tswv yim thiab txoj cai trimmer resistor rau nws cov zis. Trimmer resistor qhia tus nqi tam sim no ntawm cov zis thiab tam sim no tau pub rau ntsuas Zener diode ntawm resistor R14. Tam sim no tau tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus tiv thaiv no los ntawm Arduino. Qhov faib hluav taws xob R1, R2 coj tus qauv txo qis ntawm R2 thiab txuas nws mus rau tus lej analog A1.

Analog hauv av GND yog ib txwm muaj rau txhua qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob, digital voltmeter adapter thiab IC1. Ceev faj, muaj lwm qhov hauv av, digital rau Arduino thiab nws lub adapter. Digital hauv av yog qhov tsim nyog rau Arduino thiab nws cov lus tawm tswv yim raws li ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas.

Arduino digital outputs D4 rau D7 tswj kev xa mus rau txhua kauj ruam, D8 tswj Digital voltmeter thiab D9 tswj ERROR coj ua xim liab. ERROR coj yog nyob yog tias tsis pom tam sim no hauv ib qib twg. Hauv qhov no Zener diode tuaj yeem nrog Zener siab dua li 48V, lossis tuaj yeem puas (qhib). Yog tias muaj qhov hluav taws xob luv ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, ERROR coj tsis tau qhib thiab pom qhov hluav taws xob me me, qis dua 1V.

Tom qab kuv ua tiav txoj haujlwm kuv txiav txim siab ntxiv ib qho coj ntxiv - POWER, vim tias yog voltmeter tsaus ntuj (tawm), tsis muaj qhov meej heev yog tias lub cuab yeej nws tus kheej nyob rau lossis tawm. Led Power tau txuas nrog hauv kab nrog tus tiv thaiv 470 nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sab nraum PCB, los ntawm Pib X3-1 txog Zener X2-1. Resistor tau teeb tsa ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm me me nrog lub laub khawm.

Kauj Ruam 4: Kev tsim kho

Raws li lub thawv rau txoj haujlwm, Kuv tau siv cov thawv OKW, pom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub. Lub npov no tseem muaj nyob ntawm OKW raws li lub thawv ntim khoom. Lub thawv tsis haum vim tias me me rau lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis qee qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub thawv nws tus kheej thiab PCB tso cai tso txhua qhov hauv. PCB tau tsim hauv Eagle raws li qhov loj tshaj plaws dawb version 8x10cm. Hauv thawj lub sijhawm nws zoo li tsis yooj yim sua kom muab txhua yam khoom tso rau hauv nkoj, tab sis thaum kawg kuv tau ua tiav.

Kev hloov kho lub thawv xav tau tshem qee cov yas sab hauv thiab sawv ntsug rau cov ntsia hlau. Kev hloov kho qhov yuav tsum tau hloov kho lub thawv yas rau digital voltmeter, thiab txiav tawm ntawm ob lub ces kaum, ze ntawm qhov yuam kev thiab Lub hwj chim tseem ceeb txuas. Kev hloov kho tshiab tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov duab. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua lub qhov rais rau voltmeter kom ze rau ntawm lub thawv ntug li sai tau. Laub khawm START nyob ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm me thiab teeb nrog lub kaum ntse ntse hlau.

Qhov rai thiab qhov ntawm lub hau npog tau tsim rau Digital voltmeter, thawb khawm, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, LED yuam kev, LED fais fab thiab USB Arduino Nano txuas. Nyob rau sab qis muaj kev txiav tawm rau lub zog hloov pauv thiab lub hwj chim ntsaws nkag. Digital voltmeter thiab hloov hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov kua nplaum kub yaj. Tib txoj kev yog tsau ob qho tib si 3 hli Led diode ntsuas.

Ntsuas diode txuas nrog, tsis yog feem ntau, los ntawm lub suab txuas lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Kuv tab tom nrhiav qee qhov yooj yim thiab txuas nrawm. Cov tshuaj no zoo li yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Tom qab siv tag nrho cov khoom siv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, Kuv tau cais ob txoj kab 220V rau hauv qab ib sab, los ntawm cov kua nplaum kub yaj. Cov xov hlau uas coj los ntawm pawg thawj coj mus rau lub zog hloov pauv thiab rau lub hwj chim ntsaws nkag tau cais los ntawm cov cua sov uas tuaj yeem txo tau. Ua nws kom zoo, yuav tsum tsis txhob nthuav tawm 220V xaim lossis lub tshuab luam ntawv. PCB tau tsau rau ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov nplaum roj hmab spacers, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev txav mus los.

Ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej muaj daim ntawv lo sau rau ntawm daim ntawv nplaum daim duab. Daim ntawv lo ua tiav hauv Xim, uas yog cov cuab yeej hauv Windows 10 cov khoom siv ntxiv. Cov cuab yeej no haum rau ua cov ntawv ntsuas, vim tias daim ntawv lo tuaj yeem ua tiav raws qhov loj me.

PCB yog tsim los ntawm Eagle software dawb. Pawg thawj coj tau xaj ntawm JLCPCB lub tuam txhab rau tus nqi zoo. Tsis muaj laj thawj dab tsi los ua hauv tsev. Kuv pom zoo kom xaj lub rooj tsavxwm thiab vim li no tau txuas Gerber zip. ntaub ntawv.

Kauj ruam 5: Programming thiab Teeb

Arduino software - ino cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog. Kuv sim sau txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cai thiab vam tias nws nkag siab zoo dua li kuv li lus Askiv. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau piav qhia los ntawm txoj cai yog ua haujlwm "kev pabcuam". Nws yog hom kev pabcuam thiab tuaj yeem siv rau teeb tsa ntsuas yog tias koj hloov nws thawj zaug.

Muaj nuj nqi rau kev nyeem tam sim no "readCurrent" tau qhia rau cov cai txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev yuam kev nyeem tam sim no. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, nyeem tau ua tiav kaum zaug thiab tus nqi siab tshaj plaws tau xaiv los ntawm kaum qhov tseem ceeb. Tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm tam sim no yog coj los ua piv txwv rau cov tswv yim sib piv ntawm Arduino.

Hauv kev pabcuam hom koj hloov kho plaub tus neeg tawm tsam R4 rau R7. Txhua tus kws txiav plaub hau yog lub luag haujlwm rau tam sim no hauv ib qhov voltage. R4 rau 12V, R5 rau 24V, R6 rau 36V thiab R7 rau 48V. Hauv hom no hais txog qhov hluav taws xob tau maj mam nthuav tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tso cai hloov kho tus nqi xav tau ntawm tam sim no (20mA, 10mA, 7mA, 5mA).

Txhawm rau nkag mus rau hom kev pabcuam nias START tom qab hloov lub cuab yeej tsis pub dhau 2 vib nas this. Thawj kauj ruam (12V) tau qhib thiab ERROR coj yog ntsais ib zaug. Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los hloov kho tam sim no. Yog tias tam sim no raug kho, qhib cov kauj ruam tom ntej (24V) los ntawm nias START dua. ERROR coj yog ntsais muag ob zaug. Rov ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej ib yam nkaus, siv START khawm. Tawm hom kev pabcuam los ntawm khawm pib. Hauv txhua lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau nias START yog lub sijhawm yog coj ERROR tsaus ntuj tom qab kev ntsais muag.

Kev hloov kho tam sim no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txuas ib qho Zener diode nrog qhov hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig nruab nrab, rau 12V ntau nws yuav tsum yog 6 txog 7V diode. Qhov Zener diode no yuav tsum txuas nrog ua ke nrog ammeter lossis multimeter. Kev hloov kho tus nqi tam sim no yuav tsum tsis raug, rho tawm 15% rau ntxiv rau 5% yog lawm.

Kauj Ruam 6: Xaus

Kev daws teeb meem rau ntsuas Zener diodes los ntawm Arduino yog qhov tshiab kiag li. Tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, xws li lub zog hluav taws xob 220V, Led voltmeter thiab ntsuas qhov siab tshaj plaws 48V. Ntsuas tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Kuv xub npaj ua lub zog los ntawm roj teeb, tab sis ua kom muaj zog Arduino thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab nrog ib lossis ntau qib nce qhov hloov hluav taws xob xav tau roj teeb loj thiab ntsuas yuav loj dua.

Muaj ntau qhov ntsuas zoo tivthaiv ntawm lub khw. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsuas txhua hom transistors, diodes, lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntau yam khoom siv ua pa, tab sis ntsuas Zener qhov hluav taws xob muaj teeb meem, vim tias cov roj teeb me me. Kuv vam tias, koj txaus siab rau kuv qhov project thiab yuav muaj sijhawm zoo ua si nrog kev tsim kho.