Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Hma, Goose, Grain Puzzle: 6 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Thaum kuv yog menyuam yaus, kuv khaws phau ntawv uas yog kuv txiv, hu ua The Scientific American Book Of Projects For The Amateur Scientist. Kuv tseem muaj phau ntawv, thiab kuv nkag siab yog tias nws yog phau ntawv nyuaj los txog niaj hnub no. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem nyeem nws online tam sim no. Phau ntawv no tau pab qhia kuv txog ntau yam tab sis tshooj uas ua rau kuv txaus siab yog ib qho ntawm Cov Tshuab Lej. Nws yuav zoo heev yog qhov uas ua rau kuv tawm ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm kawg ntawm kev txhim kho software.

Hauv tshooj no yog cov lus piav qhia txog kev daws teeb meem siv tshuab siv lub voj voog ntawm lub sijhawm … Tab sis qee qhov ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus tau nyob ntawd, cov cuab yeej logic uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam uas cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub tseem siv niaj hnub no.

Hnub no, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab pheej yig tau txais tag nrho lub khoos phis tawj rau ob peb daus las, thiab tsuas yog tsim koj li duab dhos ua si lossis game. Tab sis koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ntau yam ntawm qib qis dua, siv lub qhov rooj logic uas cov khoos phis tawj tau tsim los ntawm, los tsim kho vajtse tshwj xeeb rau koj cov duab dhos ua si. Thaum qhov no yuav tsis siv tau lossis zoo tagnrho, nws tso cai rau koj kawm paub computer li cas tiag tiag. Nws kuj yog yam lom zem.

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yuav Tsum Tau

Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov no tag nrho hauv Tinkercad Circuits, thiab simulate qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm kev sib dhos.

Yog tias koj xav tsim nws lub cev, ntawm no yog yam koj yuav xav tau:

4 toggle lossis swb keyboards.

1 laub khawm (ib ntus)

2 daim ntawv me me.

9lid ua.

91K cov neeg tiv thaiv.

1 7475 plaub lub latch nti

27408 quad THIAB rooj vag

1 7432 quad lossis rooj vag

1 lub roj teeb ntim tuav 3 AA lossis AAA cell.

teeb ntawm jumper xov hlau.

Rau 74xx series chips, koj tuaj yeem siv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov no. IE, 74xx cov ntawv yog thawj TTL, tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem siv 74LSxx cov lej (qis zog siv), lossis 74HCxx (txawm tias qis dua cmos versions) thiab lwm yam. tag nrho lwm qhov kev hloov pauv yog hluav taws xob zoo li qub.

Kauj ruam 2: Boolean Logic

Boolean cov laj thawj yuav zoo li txaus ntshai tab sis nws ua tau yooj yim zoo nkauj. Boolean tsuas yog txhais tau tias koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog tsuas yog 1s thiab 0s, lossis Tseeb thiab Tsis raug. Los yog hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, + thiab -. Ib feem ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm nws tsuas yog ntog mus rau ntau qhov "yog tias qhov no yog qhov ntawd". Kev ua haujlwm logic yooj yim tshaj plaws tsuas yog peb yam no: THIAB, LOS YOG thiab TSIS YOG. Cov no hu ua rooj vag, vim tias lawv ua haujlwm zoo li lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau qhov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm lub voj voog.

Lub rooj vag AND ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no. Nws muaj ob lub tswv yim, thiab ib qho tawm. Ob qhov kev nkag tau tuaj yeem yog 1 lossis 0, thiab cov zis yog 1 lossis 0. Rau lub rooj vag THIAB, yog tias ob qho tib si nkag yog 1, ces cov zis yog 1. Txwv tsis pub, nws tso tawm 0.

Rau lub rooj OR, nws kuj muaj ob lub tswv yim thiab ib qho tso tawm. Yog tias ib lossis lwm qhov kev tawm tswv yim yog 1, ces cov zis yog 1.

Lub qhov rooj zaum kawg yog TSIS lub qhov rooj, thiab nws tsuas muaj ib lub tswv yim thiab ib qho tso tawm. Yog tias cov tswv yim yog 1, tom qab ntawv tso tawm yog 0. Yog tias cov tswv yim yog 0, nws tso tawm 1.

LOSSIS thiab THIAB rooj vag tseem tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 2 qhov kev nkag mus. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, lawv tuaj yeem pom nrog 2 lossis ntau kab nkag mus rau hauv ib lub qhov rooj, tab sis tiag tiag, 3 lub qhov rooj nkag tsuas yog ob 2 lub qhov rooj nkag nrog ib qho pub rau lwm qhov.

Tam sim no koj paub txhua yam koj xav paub los tsim lub khoos phis tawj. Txawm tias lub khoos phis tawj tshiab tshaj plaws tsuas yog siv peb yam no, txawm hais tias lawv yuav siv ntau lab ntawm lawv.

Yog li cia peb tsim lub puzzle.

Kauj Ruam 3: Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Hma, Goose thiab Grain Puzzle

Thawj qhov hauv phau ntawv yog lub logic Circuit los tsim cov lus sib dhos yooj yim ntawm Tus Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Hma, Goose thiab Grain. Qhov kev sib dhos no tau nyob ib puag ncig tau ntau pua xyoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sib txawv. Nws yog qhov pib yooj yim ntawm kev xav nrog tsuas yog qee txoj cai. Lub puzzle yog raws li hauv qab no.

Ib tus neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj hma, aub, thiab qee yam qoob loo. Nws los rau ntawm tus dej nws yuav tsum hla, thiab muaj lub nkoj, tab sis nws tsuas tuaj yeem tuav nws thiab lwm yam ntxiv ib zaug.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tso hma liab nrog tus Goose, vim tias hma liab yuav noj cov Goose. Ntawd yog dab tsi hma liab ua, nws tsuas yog lawv qhov.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tso cov Goose nrog cov nplej, vim tias Goose yuav noj nws.

Yuav ua li cas nws tuaj yeem tau txais peb ntawm lawv hla mus rau lwm sab ntawm tus dej yam nyab xeeb?

Txhawm rau tsim qhov puzzle peb xav tau ob peb yam. Ua ntej, nrog pib nrog plaub qhov hloov pauv, ib qho rau txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb, hma, goose thiab nplej. Nov yog qhov peb yuav teeb tsa uas mus rau lub nkoj.

Qhov thib ob, peb xav tau cov lus sib dhos kom nco ntsoov txhua yam nyob qhov twg los ntawm ib qib mus rau ib qib.

Tom qab ntawd peb xav tau lub pob kom qhia nws thaum txav lub nkoj.

Thaum kawg, peb xav tau qee qhov laj thawj los tswj cov cai.

Kauj Ruam 4: Nco

Txhawm rau nco txog thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov kev sib dhos no, peb yuav siv qee yam uas tau zoo tshaj li qhov siv nyob rau hauv qhov qub. Rov qab thaum phau ntawv no tau sau, tsis muaj transistors, tab sis lawv muaj kev xa rov qab. Cov kev xa xov no tau txuas nrog xws li thaum koj thawb lub pob, lawv yuav kaw thiab tom qab kaw kom txog thaum koj thawb lub pob ntawm lwm sab.

Hnub no peb yuav siv qhov ib txwm muaj thiab pheej yig hu ua 4 lub latch. Ib qho 'me ntsis' hauv computer logic tsuas yog hais txog tus lej 1 lossis 0. Nws zoo ib yam li tus lej. Qhov Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke (lossis "IC" lossis "Chip") muaj 4 lub logic Cheebtsam hu ua flip flops. Flip flop tsuas yog ob peb lub qhov rooj teeb tsa kom thaum koj muab nws 1 lossis 0 raws li kev nkag, nws yuav tso tawm 1 lossis 0 thiab tom qab ntawd nyob twj ywm. Yog li lub npe flip / flop. Nws yuav tig los ntawm 1 txog 0 lossis ntog los ntawm 0 mus rau 1 (lossis nws puas yog lwm txoj hauv kev?) Thiab tom qab ntawd nyob ntawd. Qhov no yeej ua tib yam nkaus li plaub qhov kev xa tawm hauv qhov qub.

Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov flip flop yooj yim nrog tsuas yog ob lub rooj vag, tab sis cov uas nyob hauv lub latch no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxiv (xav tau ob peb lub rooj vag ntxiv). Hloov chaw tam sim ntawd muaj qhov hloov pauv nrog cov hloov pauv, nws muaj lwm cov tswv yim uas ua rau lossis lov tes taw cov tswv yim. Feem ntau, nws nyob tsis taus. Qhov no tso cai rau koj teeb tsa ob qhov hloov pauv (tus neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm tus) ua ntej nws sim 'xa' lub nkoj mus rau lwm sab. Peb lub voj voog twb ntse dua qub.

Tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm teeb tsa thiab nco txog thaj chaw ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev hauv peb cov puzzle.

Nov yog peb lub voj voog kom deb li deb: 4 ntsis latch

Kauj Ruam 5: Cov Cai Logic

Txhawm rau tswj hwm cov cai thiab qhia thaum muaj teeb meem, peb yuav siv qee lub rooj log log log los siv cov kev txwv uas peb xav tau.

Peb yuav xav tau plaub qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txhawm rau txiav txim siab yog tias muaj teeb meem - yog tias ib qho ntawm qhov no muaj tseeb, tom qab ntawd teeb lub teeb liab ceeb toom.

1. Yog tias cov nplej thiab goose nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm tus dej thiab tsis yog tus neeg ua liaj ua teb.

2. Yog hma thiab hma nyob ntawm lwm sab ntawm tus dej thiab tsis yog neeg ua teb.

3. Yog tus neeg ua liaj ua teb hla tus dej thiab tsis muaj hma thiab tsis muaj goose nyob nrog nws.

4. Yog tus neeg ua liaj ua teb hla tus dej thiab tsis muaj qoob loo thiab tsis muaj goose nyob nrog nws.

Nco tseg txoj hauv kev uas kuv tau hais cov lus no kom raug raws lub logic peb yuav siv, uas yog THIAB rooj vag nrog qhov ib txwm muaj los yog qhov hloov pauv los ntawm lub latch, cov thim rov qab ua zoo li "tsis" lossis "TSIS".

Txij li ib qho ntawm lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb, ua rau muaj teeb meem, lawv txhua tus pub rau hauv OR rooj vag.

Cov laj thawj ua tiav, suav nrog 4 lub latch, tau qhia hauv qhov screen txhaj tshuaj. Qhov no yog los ntawm qhov program hu ua logicaly. Qhov kev pabcuam no zoo heev rau kev qhia qhov kev xav ntawm lub logic thaum koj siv cov hloov pauv, hais txog xiav kev sib txuas nrog tus nqi '1'. Kuv tau txuas cov ntaub ntawv koj tuaj yeem thauj mus rau qhov laj thawj.

Kauj Ruam 6: Tsab Ntawv Tiag Tiag Circuit

Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tsim txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Siv Tinkercad circuits, peb tuaj yeem ua qhov no nrog kev sim ntawm qhov zoo tiag tiag thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kho vajtse.

Tinkercad tau ua hauv 7475 4 ntsis latch, yog li qhov ntawd yooj yim. Rau lub rooj vag, Kuv tau xaiv los siv ob daim npav nrog 4 THIAB txhua lub rooj (7408). Txhawm rau tsim plaub, 3 lub tswv yim THIAB rooj vag peb siv ob THIAB rooj vag nrog cov zis ntawm ib qho mus rau 1 nkag mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov no tawm 1 cov tswv yim ntawm qhov thib ob, thiab 2 cov tswv yim ntawm thawj, tsim 3 cov tswv yim THIAB rooj vag. Txog qhov rooj OR, kuv ua tib yam. Plaub lossis LOS NTAWM lub qhov rooj nti siv ob lub LOSSIS lub rooj vag nrog cov lus tso tawm mus rau hauv peb lub rooj vag OR. Ib lub qhov rooj tsis siv lawm.

Khiav qhov simulation ntawm Tinkercad circuits