DIY Tsis Siv Neeg Hmo Hmo Teeb: 15 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Ua lub teeb hmo ntuj yooj yim uas tig rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tawm hauv qhov pom kev!

Kauj ruam 1: KEV NYUAJ SIAB !

Lus ceeb toom: txoj haujlwm no siv lub Circuit Court hu ua "capacitve dropper" lossis "transformerless power supply" txhawm rau nce 120vac los ntawm phab ntsa qhov hluav taws xob mus rau 12.8vdc xav tau rau LEDs. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no TSIS YOG ISOLATED los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob! Qhov no txhais tau tias yog koj kov ib feem ntawm lub voj voog no thiab qee yam uas tau ua hauv av koj tuaj yeem poob siab !!! Lub voj voog no nyab xeeb siv yog thiab tsuas yog tias nws tau tsim rau hauv lub thawv yas yam tsis muaj cov xov hlau nthuav tawm.

Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob cais tawm yog tias koj tab tom tshawb nrhiav ib puag ncig hauv lub voj voog no nrog oscilloscope. Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv cais koj sawv ib lub sijhawm zoo ntawm toasting txog koj cov haujlwm.

Lub voj voog no tsuas yog muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo li koj, thov ceev faj.

Kauj Ruam 2: Nws Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?

Ua ntej peb tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb hmo ntuj no peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias nws ua nws zoo li cas.

Lub tswv yim dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: thawj feem ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no yog ib nrab nthwv dej kho qhov muaj peev xwm tso tawm qhov nruab nrab 7.5ma. Qhov no yog siv los pub plaub plaub 3.2v sov dawb LEDs. Thaum lub teeb txaus tsoo lub teeb pom kev tso tawm rau LEDs tau luv thiab 7.5ma ntws los ntawm lub transistor es tsis txhob teeb lub LEDs.

Yog tias koj xav paub yuav ua li cas txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog saib hauv qab no:

Cov tswv yim yog ob daim ntaub xaim ntawm sab laug ntawm cov phiaj xwm sau npe AC1 thiab AC2. Cov ntaub qhwv no lees txais 120vac los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob phab ntsa. Peb xav tau ib txoj hauv kev los txwv cov dej ntws tam sim no los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob no mus rau qee yam uas LEDs tuaj yeem ua tau.

Qhov kev txwv tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm tus tiv thaiv tab sis tus tiv thaiv yuav nkim ntau lub zog raws li cua sov. Qhov no tsuas yog pov tseg yog li peb yuav siv lub capacitor los txwv qhov tam sim no xwb. Qhov no yog qhov Circuit Court tau txais lub npe "capacitve dropper". Tus capacitor txwv qhov tam sim no li cas?

C1 txwv qhov tam sim no rau kwv yees li 15ma. Txoj kev C1 ua qhov no yog los ntawm qhov hu ua impedance. Piav qhia qhov impedance yog dab tsi thiab qhov twg nws los ntawm dhau qhov uas tau qhia tseg no tab sis tsuas yog xav txog qhov cuam tshuam raws li kev tawm tsam uas hloov pauv nrog zaus. Impedance rau lub capacitor tau muab los ntawm qhov sib npaug: Xc = 1 / (2 pi F C) qhov twg Xc yog qhov cuam tshuam hauv ohms, pi yog 3.14, F yog AC zaus 60Hz hauv Asmeskas, C yog lub peev xwm yog Farads. Peb xav tau 15ma max yog li tom qab qee qib qib lej C1 xaus ua 0.33uF chav X capacitor. Tam sim no txwv cov capacitors yuav tsum yog chav kawm X cov khoom siv vim lawv tau ua kom qhib tsis tau thiab tsis hlawv qhov chaw.

R1 nyob ntawd kom tso C1 thaum hmo ntuj lub teeb tsis tau ntsaws li ntawd tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob li. Nws tau xaiv los ua 470k ohm 1/4 watt resistor tab sis txhua yam los ntawm 470k txog 1meg yuav ua haujlwm.

R2 yog 470 ohm resistor txhawm rau txwv qhov kev nce siab tam sim no uas tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm Circuit Court thaum hmo ntuj pom thawj zaug.

D2 yog ib nrab yoj rectifier uas tsub C2 nrog 15ma mem tes txhua zaus AC1 mus zoo. Txij li AC1 yog qhov zoo tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab tam sim no dhau D2 yog 7.5ma. 7.5ma tau pom los ua kom pom cov LED ci txaus rau lub teeb pom kev hmo ntuj thaum khaws lub zog siv kom tsawg.

D1 xav tau kom C1 them tus nqi rov qab txhua zaus AC1 mus tsis zoo. Yog tias D1 tsis nyob ntawm no C1 tsuas yog xa ib qho 15ma mem tes hla D2 tab sis nrog D1 lub voj voog ntawm cov noob tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus tas li.

C2 yog 470uF electrolytic capacitor uas ua kom cov pa tawm tam sim no los ntawm D2 kom cov LEDs tsis flicker ntawm 60Hz.

Pads CDS1 thiab CDS2 yog qhov uas CDS cell txuas rau lub pcb. CDS ntawm tes yog tus tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas tiv taus poob qis vim pom ntau thiab ntau lub teeb pom ntawm nws. CDS ntawm tes no ua haujlwm hloov pauv transistor Q1 thiab luv C2. Vim tias cov kua dej muaj peev xwm tam sim no txwv cov khoom siv lawv cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem luv ua ke yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

R3 nyob ntawd txhawm rau txhawm rau nce lub teeb xav tau los qhib Q1 thiab yog li yog tias koj nce R3 chav yuav xav tau tsaus dua rau lub teeb kom qhib. Tus nqi ntawm 4.7k ohm zoo li yog qhov yog.

Thaum kawg LED+ thiab LED- yog cov ntaub qhwv los txuas cov hlua ntawm 4 LEDs.

Kauj Ruam 3: PCB

Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem tsim tau ntawm perf-board nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Circuit tiag rau qhov no raws li cov xov tooj tsis raug qhov kawg tiag tiag, phem heev thaum ntsaws cov khoom rau hauv phab ntsa.

Kuv tsim ib tus PCB ib sab uas yog kwv yees li 1in X 2in yog li nws yuav haum rau feem ntau ntawm rooj plaub ntawm phab ntsa.

Ib yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tso ntau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov pawm thiab cov cim thaum ua haujlwm nrog 120v lossis ntau dua. Kev sib tw ntawm kev taug qab yog kev lom zem raws li koj xav tias nws yuav yog.

Kauj Ruam 4: Qhov Chaw

1x pheej yig phab ntsa wart hloov hom fais fab mov (tuaj yeem yog qhov hluav taws xob peb tsuas yog xav tau cov ntaub ntawv yas nrog prongs)

1x pcb ib

1x 0.33uF chav kawm x capacitor

2x 1 N4007 diodes

1 x 470k ohm resistor

1 x 470 ohm resistor

1x 4.7k ohm resistor

1 x 2N3904 NPN transistor

1x 470uF 16v electrolytic capacitor

1 x CDS cell

4x 5mm sov dawb LEDs

NCO TSEG: txhua tus tiv thaiv yog 1/4 watt

Kauj Ruam 5: Qhib Rooj plaub

Pry qhib rooj plaub ntawm phab ntsa uas siv lub taub hau ntswj taub hau. Feem ntau pheej yig hloov hom ib qho tawm ntawm ebay pop sib nrug tau yooj yim yog lub hau ntswj tau pib qhov twg qhov qaum tawm los.

Kauj Ruam 6: Tshem PCB

Tshem tawm ob lub xov hlau uas txuas qhov hloov pauv pcb mus rau qhov ncaj. Cov no feem ntau yog cov hlau uas pheej yig tshaj nyob ib puag ncig yog li peb yuav hloov lawv nrog cov xov hlau zoo dua tom qab. Pov lub pcb hauv lub thawv tsis zoo rau cov phiaj xwm yav tom ntej.

Kauj Ruam 7: Laum Qhov

Thawj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hauv qhov seem ntawm cov yas kom ntseeg tau tias cov LEDs yuav haum. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov haum zoo. Thaum pom qhov me ntsis tau tshawb pom 4 qhov nyob rau sab ib nrab ntawm rooj plaub rau LEDs ib ntawm ob sab, sab saum toj thiab pem hauv ntej zoo li pom lub chav zoo nkauj heev.

Laum ib lub qhov rau pem hauv ntej rau CDS ntawm tes. Lub qhov no yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm LEDs yog li lub teeb los ntawm LEDs tsis cuam tshuam nrog nws.

Kauj Ruam 8: Cov nplaum hauv cov LEDs

Tshaj tawm me me hlaws ntawm super kua nplaum nyob ib puag ncig txhua LED thiab nias nws mus rau hauv lub qhov. Gel super kua nplaum zoo li ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no. Ua ib qho taw qhia kom muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ib qho LED taw tes rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov LED ze ze tom ntej.

Kauj Ruam 9: Hlau LEDs hauv Series

Siv cov xaim me me thiab rab rab qhov ntswg txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau LEDs hauv kab kom qhov zoo ntawm ib qho txuas rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lwm qhov. Taug txoj hauv kev ncig ib puag ncig ntawm rooj plaub kom tiv thaiv kev luv. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los thov qee cov kua nplaum kub kom cov xov hlau tsis txhob co.

Thaum kawg lo rau hauv CDS ntawm tes.

Kauj Ruam 10: Txuas Cov Hluav Taws Xob

Siv lub xaim hlau txuas rau cov LED uas seem. Ib qho liab rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm thawj LED thiab ib qho dub rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov LED kawg hauv koob. Ntsws tubing yuav tsum tau siv hla cov kev sib txuas los tiv thaiv kom luv.

CDS cov xov tooj ntawm tes ua tau ntev txaus uas lawv tsis xav tau cov xov hlau txuas ntxiv tab sis muaj teeb meem. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov coj tsis raug rho tawm yog li lawv tuaj yeem luv rau qee yam thaum rooj plaub raug muab tso ua ke. txhawm rau kho qhov txiav ob daim ntawm spaghetti tubing (nyias insulating tubing rau tsuas yog qee lub sijhawm) thiab xaub nws hla cov hlau lead raws li pom hauv daim duab.

Kauj Ruam 11: Sib dhos PCB

Siv koj lub sijhawm thiab saib cov xim xim thaum tso cov resistors hauv Circuit. Tag nrho peb qhov sib txawv los ntawm ib pab pawg nkaus xwb tab sis cov txiaj ntsig yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj yog tias ib qho raug muab tso rau qhov tsis raug. Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los tshuaj xyuas koj cov haujlwm ntawm no ob zaug vim tias hauv cov kab hluav taws xob khiav ntawm 120v thaum qee yam tsis raug nws mus tsis raug!

Kauj Ruam 12: Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Hluav Taws Xob rau ntawm Prongs

Solder ob 1inin cov tub ntxhais ntev ntev txuas cov xov hlau rau cov kab hauv qab ntawm rooj plaub.

Kauj Ruam 13: Txheeb Ob Zaug Txhua Qhov

Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum muaj:

Ob txoj hlua xaim xaim txuas rau sab nraub qaum ntawm phab ntsa wart rooj plaub

Ib qho ua tiav PCB

Plaub LEDs tau txuas thiab txuas mus rau ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm rooj plaub ntawm phab ntsa nrog ob lub insulated CDS xov tooj ntawm tes ua tawm thiab muaj qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo xaim tawm ntawm cov hlua LED.

Kauj Ruam 14: Muab Nws Ua Ke

Nws yog lub sijhawm rau lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg…

Txhua lub xov hlau tau muab los ntawm lub pcb qhov los ntawm sab saum toj thiab muab tshuaj txhuam rau hauv qab. Kev quab yuam ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib zog sib txuas cov xov hlau yog txaus los tuav PCB hauv qhov chaw hauv qab ntawm rooj plaub raws li qhia. Txawm li cas los xij yog tias muab nws tso rau ntawd nrog cov kua nplaum kub ntau ua rau koj zoo dua mus rau nws.

Kauj ruam 15: TEST IT !!!!!!

OK, lub paj racking ib feem Kuv pom zoo kom nrhiav lub hwj huam hluav taws xob los ntsaws rau hauv thiab tom qab ntawd ntsaws lub hwj huam hluav taws xob rau hauv phab ntsa. Txoj hauv kev no yog tias muaj qee yam tsis raug hauv kev sib dhos nws tsis nce hauv nplaim taws hauv koj txhais tes!

Yog tias txhua yam mus zoo nws yuav tsum tau zaum ntawm no. Tua lub teeb lossis npog CDS ntawm tes nrog ib daim kab xev dub thiab cov LEDs yuav tsum ci.

Nrog koj zoo siab ua hmo ntuj!