Me Me Hnav Xauv-hauv Amplifier (thiab Sonar System rau Wearables, Etc ..): 7 Cov Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Tsim kom muaj qhov me me tus nqi qis-hauv lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim iav tsom iav thiab txhawm rau tsim lub kaw lus pom kev rau cov neeg dig muag, lossis lub tshuab ultrasound yooj yim uas saib xyuas koj lub siab tas li thiab siv Human-Machine Kawm ceeb toom txog teeb meem ua ntej lawv tshwm sim

Lub xauv-hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem kaw-rau ntawm lub teeb liab tshwj xeeb (siv tswv yim) thaum tsis quav ntsej txhua yam ntxiv. Hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tu ncua nrog kev nrov nrov thiab cuam tshuam, muaj peev xwm tsis quav ntsej qee yam (piv txwv li tsis quav ntsej -ceeb) yog cov khoom muaj nqis.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws amplifier puas tau ua hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg haiv neeg yog PAR124A ua hauv xyoo 1961, thiab thaum ntau leej tau sim ua kom dhau lossis sib npaug nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tsis muaj ib tus neeg ua tiav [https://wearcam.org/BigDataBigLies.pdf].

Xauv-hauv lub tshuab ua suab nrov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau sonar, radar, lidar, thiab ntau lwm yam kev paub, thiab qhov zoo feem ntau raug nqi ib puag ncig $ 10, 000 txog $ 50, 000, nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.

S. Mann, Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2017.

Cite Mann, Lu, Werner, IEEE GEM2018 phab 63-70

Kauj Ruam 1: Tau Txais Cov Cheeb Tsam

WearTech wearable computing student club ntawm University of Toronto tau ua siab dawb pub cov khoom siv rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm cuv npe hauv ECE516.

Koj tuaj yeem koom nrog WearTech thiab tau txais cov khoom siv ib feem, lossis hloov pauv, yuav cov khoom los ntawm Digikey.

Cov Nqi Khoom:

• Lub tshuab hluav taws xob teeb liab (uas koj tseem yuav muaj los ntawm Lab 1 thiab thaum pib koj yuav tsis xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tag nrho nyuaj, piv txwv li rau thawj feem ntawm qhov chaw kuaj ntshav no, ib qho tsim nyog muaj txiaj ntsig txiaj ntsig teeb liab yuav ua)
• LM567 lossis NE567 lub suab txiav suab (8-pin nti);
• R_T = sab saum toj resistor ntawm kev siv tswv yim faib hluav taws xob: kwv yees. 5340 hli;
• R_B = hauv qab resistor ntawm kev siv tswv yim faib hluav taws xob: kwv yees. 4660 hli;
• R_L = load resistor rau cov zis (Pin 3): kwv yees. 9212 hli;
• Peb lub capacitors (txuas cov khoom siv sib txuas rau kev siv thiab teeb liab nkag, nrog rau cov lim dej lim qis ntawm cov zis);
• Yeem xaiv;
• Tso zis ntau ntxiv xws li TL974 (koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub suab nrov txaus kom txaus lossis lub mloog pob ntseg lub mloog pob ntseg uas muaj lub siab txaus tawm tswv yim kom tsis txhob ua kom dhau qhov tso zis lim capacitor);
• Lwm yam khoom siv sib txawv;
• Breadboard lossis lwm lub rooj sib tham rau kev sib dhos ntawm cov khoom siv.

Ib qho ntxiv, txhawm rau ua qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig nrog lub xauv-hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, koj yuav xav tau:

• Ultrasonic transducers (kom muaj nuj nqis ob);
• Lub mloog pob ntseg lossis hais lus kaw lus;
• Lub khoos phis tawj lossis lub khoos phis tawj lossis lub microcontroller (los ntawm Lab 1) rau kev kawm tshuab.

R_T, R_B, thiab R._L yog qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li qhov tseem ceeb uas peb tau ua tib zoo xaiv los ntawm kev sim.

Kauj Ruam 2: Txhim Kho Cov Cheebtsam

Txuas cov khoom siv raws li daim duab qhia.

Daim duab yog qhov sib xyaw zoo ntawm daim duab qhia chaw thiab daim duab thaiv kab, piv txwv li nws qhia txog kev teeb tsa hauv Circuit nrog rau qhov kev sib txuas hauv Circuit.

Txoj hauv kev uas 567 lub suab txiav suab tau siv tau raug suav los ntawm qee qhov yog kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm nws qhov kev siv ib txwm muaj. Feem ntau Pin 8 yog tus pin tso tawm, tab sis peb tsis siv qhov ntawd hlo li. Feem ntau lub cuab yeej ntsuas lub suab thiab tig lub teeb lossis lwm yam khoom thaum pom lub suab nrov.

Ntawm no peb tab tom siv nws hauv txoj kev uas sib txawv kiag li los ntawm txoj kev uas nws tau npaj yuav siv.

Hloov chaw, peb tab tom noj cov zis ntawm tus Pin 1 uas yog qhov tso tawm ntawm "Phase Detector". Peb siv qhov tseeb tias "Phase Detector" tsuas yog qhov sib ntxiv.

Tsis tas li, Tus Pin 6 ib txwm siv los ua lub sijhawm txuas hluav taws xob txuas.

Hloov chaw, muaj tswv yim zoo, peb siv Pin 6 ua cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev siv 567 nti ua lub xauv-hauv lub suab nrov. Qhov no tso cai rau peb nkag mus rau tus lej ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov tswv yim.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws rau kev siv tswv yim, peb pom tias yog peb ntxeev tus pin no mus rau 46.6% ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab muaj peev xwm ob peb rau hauv nws, peb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Koj tseem tuaj yeem sim pub zaub mov siv ncaj qha rau nws, raws li qhia los ntawm kev hloov (koj tuaj yeem siv lub jumper xaim ntawm koj lub khob cij es tsis txhob hloov).

Tsuas yog cov tswv yim/tawm tus pin uas peb siv ua ke (piv txwv li txoj hauv kev nws tau siv los siv) yog Pin 3 uas yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov tswv yim, uas peb tau ua tiag siv los ua tswv yim!

Kauj Ruam 3: Muab Lub Xauv-Hauv Amplifier los Siv Tau Zoo: Lub Zeem Muag Pab rau Cov Neeg dig muag

Peb xav siv lub xauv-hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim lub zeem muag pab (pom kev pab) rau cov neeg dig muag.

Lub tswv yim ntawm no yog tias peb siv nws rau sonar, los tsim Doppler sonar sensing system.

Txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem yuav lub sonar sensor raws li Arduino txuas, peb xaiv los tsim cov txheej txheem peb tus kheej los ntawm thawj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv Cov Lus Qhia rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:

1. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav kawm paub lub hauv paus thaum lawv tsim lawv tus kheej;
2. Qhov no muab koj nkag ncaj qha rau cov cim nyoos rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab txhim kho;
3. Lub kaw lus tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab nrawm dua, piv nrog cov txheej txheem npaj ua ntej uas tsuas yog tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke nrog qhov qeeb me ntsis (latency).

Mount ob lub transducers ultrasound ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg (lub mloog pob ntseg), tig mus rau pem hauv ntej. Peb nyiam muab lawv tso rau ntawm ob sab kom lub taub hau tiv thaiv tus xa tawm los ntawm cov teeb liab ncaj qha los ntawm tus txais.

Txuas lawv mus rau lub xauv-hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob raws li daim duab qhia.

Txuas qhov tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau lub mloog pob ntseg. Hom "Ntxiv Bass" ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, txij li cov lus teb tau nthuav tawm txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov zaus.

Tam sim no koj yuav tuaj yeem hnov cov khoom hauv chav thiab tsim daim duab qhia kev xav ntawm chav tsev cov khoom hauv kev txav.

Kauj Ruam 4: Kev Kawm Tib Neeg-Tshuab

"Leej Txiv ntawm AI", Marvin Minsky (nws tau tsim tag nrho kev kawm tshuab), ua ke nrog Ray Kurzweil (Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Engineering ntawm Google), thiab kuv tus kheej, tau sau ib daim ntawv hauv IEEE ISTAS 2013 (Minsky, Kurzweil, Mann, " Society of Intelligent Veillance ", 2013) ntawm yam tshiab ntawm kev kawm tshuab, hu ua Humanistic Intelligence.

Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev kawm tshuab ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, piv txwv li "HuMachine Kev Kawm", uas cov ntsuas tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb ntawm lub siab thiab lub cev.

Sim ua Doppler sonar rov qab thiab muab lawv rau lub khoos phis tawj lub tshuab siv analog, thiab khiav qee lub tshuab kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.

Qhov no yuav coj peb mus ib kauj ruam ze rau Simon Haykin lub zeem muag ntawm lub radar lossis sonar system muaj peev xwm ntawm kev paub.

Xav txog kev siv LEM (Logon Expectation Maximization) neural network.

Saib

Nov yog qee cov ntawv ntxiv ntawm kev kawm tshuab thiab chirplet hloov pauv:

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16830941

pdfs.semanticscholar.org/21d3/241e70186a9b…

arxiv.org/pdf/1611.08749.pdf

pdfs.semanticscholar.org/21d3/241e70186a9b…

www.researchgate.net/publication/22007368…

Kauj Ruam 5: Lwm Yam Kev Hloov pauv: Lub plawv Saib Xyuas

Tus naj npawb 1 ua rau tuag yog mob plawv, thiab peb tuaj yeem tsim cov kab ke hnav uas pab daws qhov no. Siv ob lub xov tooj cua lossis xov tooj cua geophones kom "pom" rau hauv koj lub siab. Tib lub thev naus laus zis uas pab cov dig muag "pom" tam sim no tuaj yeem tig sab hauv los saib hauv koj lub cev.

Xws li lub plawv saib xyuas, ua ke nrog ECG ib txwm nrog rau sab nrauv-saib yeeb yaj kiab rau cov ntsiab lus, muab rau koj lub ntsej muag hnav-paub lub plawv saib xyuas rau tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Kev kawm tshuab tuaj yeem pab kwv yees teeb meem ua ntej lawv tshwm sim.

Kauj Ruam 6: Lwm Yam Kev Hloov: Kev Nyab Xeeb Hauv Tsheb kauj vab

Lwm daim ntawv thov yog lub nraub qaum pom kev rau lub tsheb kauj vab.

Ntawm no peb xav kom tsis quav ntsej cov av hauv av thiab feem ntau txhua yam txav deb ntawm koj, tab sis tsuas yog "pom" yam tau txais ntawm koj.

Rau lub hom phiaj no koj yuav xav siv qhov nyuaj-muaj nuj nqis sonar system, raws li qhia hauv daim duab kab thaiv kab lus saum toj no.

Pub cov txiaj ntsig (tiag tiag thiab kev xav) mus rau 2-channel AtoD (Analog to Digital) hloov pauv thiab suav Fourier hloov pauv, tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab tsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo. Thaum muaj qhov ua tau zoo ua ntu zus ntu muaj qee yam nce rau koj. Qhov no tuaj yeem qhib kev nthuav dav ntawm koj lub koob yees duab tom qab noj, kom hu rau cov khoom qab koj uas tau txais rau koj.

Kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua, suav cov chirplet tranform. Txawm tias zoo dua: siv Adaptive Chirplet Transform (ACT) thiab siv LEM neural network.

Saib Tshooj 2 ntawm phau ntawv "Kev Txhim Kho Duab Kom Zoo", John Wiley and Sons, 2001.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv:

wearcam.org/all.pdf

wearcam.org/chirplet.pdf

wearcam.org/chirplet/adaptive_chirplet1991/

wearcam.org/chirplet/adaptive_chirplet1992/…

arxiv.org/pdf/1611.08749.pdf

www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1127523…

Kauj Ruam 7: Lwm Yam Kev Hloov: Binaural Pom Kev Pab rau Cov Neeg dig muag

Siv cov txheej txheem saum toj no-tus nqi xauv-hauv lub tshuab tso suab kom muab lub suab tso suab, nrog qhov tiag thiab kev xav tawm mus rau ob lub tso suab tso suab.

Hauv txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem hnov qhov xwm txheej nyuaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig koj, txij li tib neeg kev hnov lus tau mob siab rau qhov hloov pauv me ntsis, thiab qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm kom nkag siab qhov hloov pauv hloov ntawm ib-theem thiab plaub fab raws ntawm Doppler rov qab los.