DIY Arduino-Tau tshaj Clone: 21 Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:27

Arduino yog qhov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws hauv Maker's arsenal. Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim koj tus kheej! Nyob rau thaum ntxov ntawm txoj haujlwm, ncig xyoo 2005, kev tsim qauv yog txhua qhov dhau los thiab qhov kev sib txuas lus tau dhau los ntawm RS232 cov xov hluav taws xob. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej, thiab kuv muaj, tab sis tsis muaj ntau lub khoos phis tawj muaj cov chaw nres nkoj ntau dua qub.

Arduino USB version ua raws sai, thiab tej zaum tau pab txhawb rau txoj haujlwm ua tiav vim tias nws tso cai rau kev sib txuas thiab sib txuas lus tau yooj yim. Nws tau ua, txawm li cas los xij tus nqi: FTDI kev sib txuas lus nti tsuas yog tuaj hauv pob ntim pob. Cov phiaj xwm tseem muaj rau nws ib yam nkaus, tab sis qhov saum npoo av sib txuas yog dhau ntawm cov pib tshiab.

Cov laug Arduino tshiab siv 32U4 chips nrog ua hauv USB (Leonardo), lossis cais Atmel chips rau USB (UNO), ob qho tib si uas tseem tso peb nyob rau saum npoo av. Nyob rau ntawm ib kis muaj "TAD" los ntawm Cov Khoom Phiaj Xwm uas tau siv los ntawm lub qhov PIC los ua USB, tab sis kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom dab tsi sab laug ntawm lawv lub vev xaib.

Yog li ntawm no peb nyob. Kuv ntseeg ntseeg tus pib, zoo li Jedi Knight, yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim lawv tus kheej Arduino (lub teeb saber). "Ib rab riam phom los ntawm hnub nyoog muaj kev vam meej ntau dua". Kuv qhov kev daws teeb meem: ua kom dhau-qhov FTDI nti siv pob ntim saum npoo! Qhov ntawd tso cai rau kuv ua rau saum npoo av, thiab muab qhov project ntxiv uas yog DIY hla qhov! Kuv kuj tsim nws hauv Qhib Qhov Chaw KiCad, yog li koj tuaj yeem kawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm, hloov kho lawv, thiab tig koj tus kheej version.

Yog tias koj xav tias qhov no yog lub tswv yim ruam, lossis nyiam qhov chaw saum npoo av, txheeb xyuas kuv li Leonardo Clone, txwv tsis pub, nyeem ntxiv…

Kauj Ruam 1: Cov Khoom thiab Cov Khoom Siv

Daim nqi tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm

Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov no yog cov laug cam, ib qho rau Arduino, thiab ib qho rau FTDI nti. Koj tuaj yeem muaj OSH Park ua rau lawv rau koj, lossis siv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nrog koj lub tsev pawg thawj coj saib nyiam.

Cov khoom siv rau txoj haujlwm no muaj nyob ntawm Tindie.com. Kev yuav cov khoom siv yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm thiab kev siv nyiaj ntawm kev xaj khoom los ntawm ntau tus neeg muag khoom sib txawv thiab zam qhov tsawg kawg PCB xaj kom them nyiaj. Nws tseem yuav muab koj qhov kev sim ntsuas saum npoo av FDTI los ntawm lub qhov nti ib yam ua ntej flashed Atmega.

Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Cov Khoom Siv: Rau kuv cov kev cob qhia, Kuv siv SparkFun Tus Pib ToolKit uas muaj ntau yam uas koj xav tau:

• Soldering hlau.
• Solder
• Hlau txiv mis
• Desoldering braid (vam tias tsis xav tau, tab sis koj yeej tsis paub).

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov Poj Niam thiab Txiv Neej, Pib Koj Cov Irons

Kuv tsis mus sim thiab qhia koj li soldering. Nov yog ob peb ntawm kuv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas kuv nyiam tshaj plaws uas kuv ua tau:

• Carrie Ann los ntawm Geek Girl Diaries.
• Colin los ntawm Adafruit

Feem ntau:

• Nrhiav qhov chaw ntawm PCB siv cov cim lo lo ntxhuav.
• Khoov qhov tivthaiv ua kom haum rau taw taw.
• Siv cov hlau lead.
• Txiav cov ua

Kauj ruam 3: Resistors

Cia peb pib nrog cov neeg tawm tsam vim tias lawv yog cov coob tshaj plaws, zaum qis tshaj, thiab yooj yim rau yaj. Lawv tiv taus cua sov ntau dua thiab yuav muab sijhawm rau koj txhuam ntawm koj cov txheej txheem. Lawv kuj tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, yog li koj tuaj yeem tso lawv rau hauv ob qho tib si.

• Pib nrog peb 10K ohm (xim av - dub - txiv kab ntxwv -gold), uas nyob hauv ob peb qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm (saib daim duab). Cov no yog "rub tawm" cov neeg tawm tsam uas ua kom lub teeb liab ntawm 5V tshwj tsis yog tias lawv nquag rub qis.
• Pair ntawm 22 ohm (liab - liab - dub - kub) yog nyob rau sab laug sab saud. Cov no yog ib feem ntawm USB kev sib txuas lus sib tham.
• Pair ntawm 470 ohm (Daj, Violet, Xim av, Kub) yog qhov txuas ntxiv mus. Cov no yog cov txwv tam sim no rau RX/TX LEDs.
• Ib leeg 4.7K ohm (Daj, Violet, Liab, Kub). Ib qho khib-pob rau FTDI VCC teeb liab.
• Thiab thaum kawg, ib khub ntawm 1K ohm (Xim av, Dub, Liab, Kub). Cov no yog cov txwv tam sim no rau lub zog thiab D13 LEDs (330 ohm yuav ua haujlwm, tab sis kuv tsis nyiam lawv ci heev).

Kauj ruam 4: Diode

Tom ntej no peb muaj cov diode uas tiv thaiv lub Circuit Court los ntawm rov qab tam sim no los ntawm lub zog jack. Feem ntau, tab sis tsis yog txhua lub Cheebtsam yuav ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau kev thim rov qab.

Nws muaj qhov polarity uas tau cim los ntawm cov qhab nyiaj ntawm ib kawg.

Sib phim nws nrog cov kab lo lo ntxhuav lo rau ntawm lub vijtsam thiab cov laug hauv qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 5: Tus Tswj Hluav Taws Xob (5V)

Muaj ob txoj cai tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog 7805 uas yuav tswj hwm kaum ob qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub jack mus rau 5 volts uas Atmega 328 xav tau. Muaj cov yam ntxwv tooj liab loj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm kom pab ua kom sov sov. Khoov cov coj kom lub nraub qaum kov lub rooj tsavxwm nrog lub qhov sib dhos ua ke nrog lub qhov nyob hauv ib feem thiab cov laug hauv qhov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 6: Qhov (socket)

Cov qhov tso cai rau IC cov ntxig ntxig ntxig rau thiab tshem tawm yam tsis muaj qhov txuas. Kuv xav txog lawv li kev pov hwm vim tias lawv pheej yig thiab tso cai rau koj hloov lub tshuab cua tshuab lossis rov ua rau IC yog tias muab tso rov qab. Lawv muaj qhov sib faib nyob rau hauv ib qho kawg los qhia qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub nti, yog li sib phim nws mus rau lo lo ntxhuav npo. Solder ob tus pin thiab tom qab ntawv txheeb xyuas nws tau zaum kom raug ua ntej soldering tus pin ntxiv.

Kauj ruam 7: Khawm

Arduino feem ntau muaj khawm rov pib dua lub nti yog tias nws dai lossis xav tau rov pib dua. Koj yog nyob rau ntawm kaum sab saud. Nias nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab cov laug.

Kauj Ruam 8: LEDs

Muaj ntau tus lej LED los qhia qhov xwm txheej. LEDs muaj polarity. Cov ceg ntev yog anode, lossis zoo, thiab mus rau hauv lub ncoo puag ncig nrog "+" ib sab ntawm nws. Cov ceg luv yog cathode, lossis tsis zoo, thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub ncoo square.

Cov xim yog qhov xav tau, tab sis kuv ib txwm siv:

• Daj rau RX/TX uas ntsais thaum lub nti sib txuas lus lossis raug programmed.
• Ntsuab rau D13 LED uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm txoj haujlwm los qhia cov xwm txheej.
• Liab los qhia 5 lub zog hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm USB lossis lub hwj chim nkaus.

Kauj Ruam 9: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Tej hub capacitors tsis muaj polarity.

Lub zog ua kom lub zog sib nqus feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm qhov hloov pauv los ntawm lub zog xa mus rau cov chips. Cov txiaj ntsig feem ntau tau teev tseg hauv cov khoom siv cov ntaub ntawv.

Txhua IC nti hauv peb tus qauv tsim muaj 0.1uF lub zog rau lub zog ua kom du.

Muaj ob lub 1uF capacitors rau ua kom lub zog nyob ib puag ncig 3.3 volt tus tswj hwm.

Ib qho ntxiv, muaj 1uF capacitor uas pab nrog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm software rov ua haujlwm.

Kauj Ruam 10: Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob

Electrolytic Capacitors muaj qhov sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau ua raws. Lawv feem ntau tuaj rau hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis qhov no peb muaj 0.33 uF capacitor rau lub zog sib zog ib puag ncig 7805 tus tswj hwm.

Cov ceg ntev ntawm lub cuab yeej yog qhov zoo thiab mus rau hauv lub xwmfab ncoo cim "+". Cov no zoo li mus "pop" yog muab tso rov qab, yog li ua kom raug lossis koj yuav xav tau hloov chaw.

Kauj Ruam 11: 3.3 Tus Tswj Hluav Taws Xob

Thaum Atmega nti khiav ntawm 5 volts, FTDI USB nti xav tau 3.3 volts kom ua haujlwm tau raug. Txhawm rau muab qhov no, peb siv MCP1700 thiab vim nws xav tau me me tam sim no, nws nyob hauv pob me TO-92-3 zoo li transistors hloov qhov loj TO-220 pob zoo li 7805.

Lub cuab yeej muaj lub ntsej muag tiaj tus. Muab nws tso rau ntawm lub vijtsam lo lo ntxhuav thiab kho qhov siab tivthaiv txog li peb lub hlis nti saum lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov laug nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Kauj ruam 12: Headers

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Arduino yog tus qauv hneev taw thiab pinout. Lub taub hau tso cai ntsaws rau hauv "ntaub thaiv npog" uas tso cai hloov pauv sai rau kev teeb tsa nyuaj raws li xav tau.

Kuv ib txwm siv ib tus pin ntawm txhua lub taub hau hauv thiab tom qab ntawv txheeb xyuas qhov ua kom pom tseeb ua ntej siv cov koob ntxiv.

Kauj Ruam 13: Resonator

Atmega chips muaj lub resonator sab hauv uas tuaj yeem khiav ntawm ntau zaus txog li 8 Mhz. Ib lub sijhawm sab nraud tso cai rau lub nti khiav mus txog 20 Mhz, tab sis, tus qauv Arduino siv 16 Mhz uas yog qhov nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm Atmega8 chips siv hauv qhov tsim thawj.

Feem ntau Arduino siv cov muaju, uas yog qhov tseeb, tab sis lawv xav tau cov peev txheej ntxiv. Kuv txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab resonator, uas yog qhov tseeb txaus rau feem ntau ua haujlwm. Nws tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, tab sis kuv feem ntau ntsib lub cim sab nrauv yog li cov neeg tsim khoom xav paub tuaj yeem qhia koj ua haujlwm teeb tsa tus qauv.

Kauj Ruam 14: Fuse

Feem ntau Arduino tsis muaj fuses, tab sis ib qho Maker uas tau kawm yuav nquag heev (tsawg kawg hauv kuv qhov teeb meem) sib txuas yam tsis raug. Ib qho fuse rov teeb tau yooj yim yuav pab kom tsis txhob tso tawm "cov pa luam yeeb" xav tau hloov pauv hloov. Lub fuse no yuav qhib yog tias rub ntau dhau tam sim no, thiab yuav rov pib dua nws tus kheej thaum nws txias. Nws tsis muaj polarity, thiab kinks hauv ob txhais ceg tuav nws saum lub rooj tsavxwm.

Kauj ruam 15: Headers

Ob lub taub hau ntxiv, cov no nrog tus txiv neej tus pin. Nyob ze ntawm USB txuas yog peb tus pin uas tso cai hloov pauv ntawm USB lub zog thiab lub jack siv lub jumper. UNO muaj kev sib tw los ua qhov no tau, tab sis kuv tsis tuaj yeem rov ua qhov ntawd hauv daim ntawv hla qhov.

Lub taub hau thib ob yog rau-tus lej "hauv kab ke ua haujlwm" lub taub hau. Qhov no tso cai txuas tus programmer sab nraud los rov tsim dua Atmega ncaj qha yog tias xav tau. Yog tias koj yuav kuv cov khoom siv, lub nti twb muaj cov khoom siv thauj khoom, lossis Atmega tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab tso ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov (socket), yog li cov ntawv no tsis tshua siv thiab yog li xaiv tau.

Kauj Ruam 16: Lub Hwj Chim Jack

Hloov chaw ntawm USB, tus qauv 5.5 x 2.1 mm nkaus tuaj yeem siv los nqa lub zog sab nraud. Cov khoom siv tus lej cim "Vin" thiab tso cai rau 7805 tus tswj hluav taws xob uas ua rau 5 volts. Lub hauv paus tus pin yog qhov zoo thiab cov tswv yim tuaj yeem nce txog 35V, txawm hais tias 12V yog qhov raug ntau.

Kauj ruam 17: USB

Cov Arduinos tshiab zoo li Leonardo siv USB micro txuas, tab sis thawj USB B kev sib txuas yog muaj zog thiab pheej yig thiab koj yuav muaj ntau txoj hlua txuas ib puag ncig. Ob lub tab loj tsis txuas nrog hluav taws xob, tab sis tau muab muag rau cov khoom siv dag zog.

Kauj Ruam 18: Chips

Lub sij hawm rau nruab cov chips. Txheeb xyuas qhov kev taw qhia. Yog tias lub qhov (socket) nyob sab nraub qaum, tsuas yog xyuas kom lub nti sib phim cov cim lo lo ntxhuav. Hauv kev taw qhia peb tau ua haujlwm nrog, hauv qab ob daim tawv muag tau ntxeev.

Ntxig lub nti kom ob txhais ceg sib haum nrog cov tuav. ICs los ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog ob txhais ceg me ntsis, yog li yuav tsum tau khoov rau ntsug. Qhov no feem ntau twb tau ua tiav rau koj hauv kuv cov khoom siv. Thaum koj paub tseeb ntawm kev taw qhia, maj mam nias ob sab ntawm lub nti. Txheeb xyuas kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj ob txhais ceg tau sib tsoo.

Kauj ruam 19: Teeb nyem Bootloader

Lub bootloader yog tus lej me me ntawm tus lej uas tso cai thauj cov lej yooj yim ntawm USB. Nws khiav rau thawj ob peb feeb ntawm lub zog nrhiav kev hloov tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd tshaj tawm cov cai uas twb muaj lawm.

Arduino IDE ua rau lub ntsej muag ntsais muag yooj yim, tab sis nws xav tau ib tus programmer sab nraud. Kuv siv kuv tus kheej AVR Programmer, thiab yuav kawg, muag koj cov khoom rau qhov ntawd. Yog tias koj muaj tus programmer, koj tsis tas yuav xav tau Arduino txij li koj tuaj yeem tsim kho lub nti ncaj qha. Ib yam zoo li qaib thiab qe.

Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog yuav Atmega nrog lub bootloader twb tau nyob ntawm nws:

Kuv yuav taw tes rau koj cov lus qhia ua haujlwm Arduino txij li nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tig mus rau nws tus kheej Cov Lus Qhia yog tias peb tsis ceev faj:

Kauj Ruam 20: Nruab Lub Hwj Huam Jumper thiab Txuas

Lub hwj chim jumper yog phau ntawv qhia txoj hauv kev xaiv lub hauv paus ntawm 5 volts los ntawm USB lossis lub hwj chim txuas. Tus Qauv Arduinos muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau, tab sis kuv tsis tuaj yeem siv nws yooj yim nrog los ntawm qhov chaw.

Yog tias lub jumper tsis tau teeb tsa, tsis muaj lub zog. Yog tias koj xaiv lub jack, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntsaws rau hauv, tsis muaj lub zog. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj muaj lub teeb liab liab los qhia koj yog tias koj muaj hwj chim.

Thaum xub thawj, koj xav pom yog tias Arduino sib tham ntawm USB, yog li tso lub jumper rau qhov chaw ntawd. Txuas koj Arduino rau hauv koj lub computer ntawm saib kom zoo. Yog tias koj tau txais "lub cuab yeej USB tsis paub", tshem tawm thiab pib teeb meem tua.

Txwv tsis pub, siv koj li Arduino IDE txhawm rau rub tawm qhov pib ntsais muag. Siv "Arduino UNO" ua lub rooj tsavxwm. Ua raws cov lus qhia ntawm no:

Kauj ruam 21: Teeb meem

Thaum pib lub zog nce, koj ib txwm tab tom nrhiav qhov taw qhia ntawm kev ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav, thiab npaj rau tshem tawm lub rooj tsav xwm sai yog tias txhua yam tsis mus raws li qhov xav tau. Tsis txhob plam lub plawv yog tias tsis ua tiav tam sim. Hauv kuv qhov kev cob qhia, kuv sim txhawb kom:

• Ua siab ntev, qhov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis feem ntau tsim nyog nws.
• Ua siab ntev, koj yuav tsis daws qhov teeb meem yog tias koj tso tseg.
• Tus Cwj Pwm Zoo, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no, txawm tias koj xav tau kev pab los ua li ntawd.

Thaum twg kuv tab tom muaj teeb meem, Kuv ib txwm qhia kuv tus kheej tias nws nyuaj rau daws, qhov nqi zog loj dua lossis kev kawm yuav yog rau kev daws nws.

Nrog qhov xav hauv siab, pib nrog cov khoom yooj yim:

• Txheeb xyuas cov pob qij txha txuas rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, rov kho dua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas zoo li tsis ntseeg.
• Txheeb xyuas tias IC chips nyob rau hauv qhov kev qhia raug thiab tsis muaj ib tus coj tau txais folding thaum tso.
• Puas yog LED liab thaum ntsaws? Yog tias tsis yog, txheeb xyuas koj lub hwj chim jumper thiab USB txuas txuas.
• Txheeb xyuas tias lwm yam khoom uas muaj polarity raug qhov tseeb.
• Nrhiav lwm qhov kev qhia xws li cov lus yuam kev lossis cov khoom ua kom sov.

Yog koj tseem muaj teeb meem, thov kev pab. Kuv sau Instructables vim kuv xav qhia thiab pab cov uas xav kawm. Muab cov lus piav qhia zoo ntawm cov tsos mob yog dab tsi thiab cov kauj ruam uas koj tau ua los txhawm rau pom qhov tsis raug. Cov duab daws teeb meem siab ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab ntawm pawg thawj coj kuj yuav pab tau ib yam. Tsis txhob tso tseg. Txhua qhov kev tawm tsam yog kev kawm.