DIY Perimeter Wire Generator thiab Sensor: 8 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Cov lus qhia siv tshuab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb, hauv cov chaw khaws khoom uas tswj tau siv lub tshuab. Cov neeg hlau ua raws txoj hlua hlau faus rau hauv av. Qhov hloov pauv tam sim no ntawm kev siv qis thiab zaus ntawm 5Kz thiab 40KHz ntws hauv cov hlau no. Tus neeg hlau tau nruab nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog ua raws lub tank hluav taws xob (nrog lub suab sib xws sib npaug lossis ze rau qhov zaus ntawm cov nthwv dej tsim) uas ntsuas qhov siv hluav taws xob sib nqus ze rau hauv av. Cov saw hlau ua haujlwm (ua kom nrov nrov, lim, sib piv) ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg hlau tsis pub dhau mus rau xaim. Hnub no, ib puag ncig/kab xaim kuj tseem siv los tsim "laj kab uas pom tsis tau" kom cov tsiaj nyob hauv vaj hauv tsev, thiab cov neeg hlau txiav nyom nyob hauv thaj chaw. LEGO kuj tseem siv tib txoj cai los qhia cov tsheb raws txoj kev yam tsis muaj cov neeg tuaj saib pom kab.

Phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia hauv txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab nkag siab los pab koj nkag siab txoj kev xav, tsim qauv, thiab siv los ua koj tus kheej lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub ntsuas cua rau ib puag ncig xaim. Cov ntaub ntawv (Schematics, Eagle Files, Gerbers, 3D Files thiab Arduino Sample Code) kuj tseem muaj rau rub tawm. Txoj hauv kev no, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov kab xaim ib puag ncig txhawm rau ua rau koj nyiam tus neeg hlau thiab khaws nws hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm "thaj chaw".

Kauj ruam 1: GENERATOR

Txoj kev xav

Ib puag ncig xaim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yuav ua raws lub sijhawm NE555 nto moo. NE555 lossis ntau dua hu ua 555 yog kev sib xyaw ua ke siv rau timer lossis hom multibibrator. Cov khoom siv no tseem siv niaj hnub no vim nws yooj yim siv, tus nqi qis, thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Ib txhiab units tau tsim tawm hauv ib xyoos. Rau peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob, peb yuav siv NE555 hauv kev teeb tsa Astable. Kev teeb tsa ruaj khov tso cai siv NE555 ua qhov oscillator. Ob tus tiv thaiv thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov kho qhov oscillation zaus nrog rau lub luag haujlwm hloov pauv. Kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv yog raws li qhia hauv schematic hauv qab no. NE555 Tsim kom muaj (ntxhib) square yoj uas tuaj yeem ua qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab xaim ib puag ncig. Xa mus rau NE555 cov ntaub ntawv rau lub sijhawm, muaj cov qauv siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau txoj kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm (8.3.2 A-ruaj khov ua haujlwm). Texas Instruments tsis yog lub chaw tsim khoom nkaus xwb ntawm NE555 ICs, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv lwm lub nti, nco ntsoov xyuas nws phau ntawv. Peb muab qhov zoo no 555 Timer Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob uas yuav muab sijhawm rau koj los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhua yam khoom siv sab hauv ntawm 555 lub sijhawm nyob hauv qhov dhau los pob kom tso cai rau koj nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit no kom ntxaws.

Schematic thiab Prototyping

Cov txheej txheem muab hauv NE555 phau ntawv qhia (8.3.2 A-ntu kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov) yog qhov ua tiav. Ob peb yam ntxiv tau ntxiv thiab tham hauv qab no. (thawj daim duab)

Cov mis siv los laij cov zaus ntawm cov zauv tso zis yoj yog

f = 1.44 / ((Ra+2*Rb)*C)

Qhov ntau zaus ntawm cov xwm txheej tsim tawm yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 32Khz thiab 44KHz uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb zaus uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom siv ze. Rau qhov no, peb tau xaiv Ra = 3.3KOhms, Rb = 12KOhms + 4.7KOhms Potentiometer thiab C = 1.2nF. Lub hwj chim ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav pab peb hloov pauv zaus ntawm cov xwm txheej yoj tawm kom haum rau qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm LC Tank Circuit uas yuav tham tom qab. Qhov theoretical qis tshaj thiab tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm qhov tso zis ntau zaus yuav raws li hauv qab no xam los ntawm tus lej (1): Tus nqi qis tshaj: fL = 1.44 / ((3.3+2*(12+4.7))*1.2*10^(-9) ≈32 698Hz

Tus nqi siab tshaj: fH = 1.44 / ((3.3+2*(12+0))*1.2*10^(-9)) ≈ 43 956Hz

Vim tias 4.7KOhms potentiometer yeej tsis tau txais 0 lossis 4.7, qhov ntau zaus tso tawm yuav txawv ntawm ib puag ncig 33.5Khz txog 39Khz. Nov yog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob Circuit Court. (duab thib ob)

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov txheej txheem, ob peb yam ntxiv tau ntxiv thiab yuav tham txog hauv qab no. Nov yog qhov ua tiav BOM:

• R1: 3.3 KOhm
• R2: 12 kwm
• R3 (Tam sim no txwv tus tiv thaiv): 47 Ohms (xav tau kom haum loj kom yaj cua sov nrog 2W lub zog ntsuas yuav tsum txaus)
• R4: 4.7 KOhm potentiometer
• C2, C4: 100nF
• C3: 1.2nF (1000pF tseem yuav ua txoj haujlwm)
• C5: 1 ua
• J1: 2.5mm qhov chaw nruab nrab zoo txuas (5-15V DC)
• J2: Ntsia hlau dav hlau (ob txoj haujlwm)
• IC1: NE555 Precision Timer

Cov khoom ntxiv ntxiv rau cov phiaj xwm suav nrog Lub thoob jack (J1) kom yooj yim txuas rau phab ntsa txuas (12V) thiab lub dav hlau ntsia hlau (12) kom yooj yim txuas mus rau ib puag ncig xaim. Ib puag ncig Hlau: Nco ntsoov tias qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau ib puag ncig, ntau lub teeb liab poob qis. Peb tau sim teeb tsa nrog kwv yees li 100 'ntawm 22 gauge ntau cov xov hlau (pegged rau hauv av raws li qhov tsis xav faus). Lub Hwj Huam Siv Hluav Taws Xob: 12V qhov txuas hluav taws xob yog ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no siab dua 500mA yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem xaiv 12V cov kua qaub lossis 11.1V LiPo kom nws nyob hauv rooj plaub, tab sis nco ntsoov tiv thaiv huab cua thiab tua nws thaum tsis siv. Nov yog qee qhov peb muab uas koj yuav xav tau thaum tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob:

• 2.1mm Barrel Jack rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg lossis 2.1mm Barrel Jack Adapter - Breadboard Compatible
• 400 Tie Point Interlocking Transparent Solderless Breadboard
• 65 x 22 Ntsuas Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
• DFRobot Resistor Kit
• SparkFun Capacitor Khoom
• 12VDC 3A Phab Ntsa Hloov Lub Hwj Huam Fais Fab

Nov yog qhov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yuav tsum zoo li ntawm lub khob cij (daim duab thib peb)

Kauj Ruam 2: Cov txiaj ntsig

Raws li tau qhia hauv qab no oscilloscope screenshot ntawm qhov tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob (nqa nrog Micsig 200 MHz 1 GS/s 4 Channels Tablet Oscilloscope), peb tuaj yeem pom (ntxhib) xwm txheej yoj nrog zaus ntawm 36.41KHz thiab qhov dav ntawm 11.8V (siv lub hwj chim 12V). Qhov zaus tuaj yeem hloov pauv me ntsis los ntawm kev kho R4 potentiometer.

Lub lauj kaub tais diav uas tsis txhuam tsis tshua muaj ib qho kev daws mus sij hawm ntev thiab zoo tshaj plaws los tsim cov ntawv ceev. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lees paub tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li nws yuav tsum tau, tsim cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig nrog ntau zaus 33.5Khz thiab 40KHz (sib txawv los ntawm R4 lauj kaub), peb tau tsim PCB (24mmx34mm) nkaus xwb nrog PTH (Plated-through Hole)) cov khoom siv los ua kom nws zoo me me square wave generator board. Txij li cov khoom siv dhau los tau siv rau kev tsim qauv nrog lub khob cij, PCB kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv dhau los ntawm cov khoom ib yam ib yam (tsis txhob siv sab saum toj), thiab tso cai rau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm txhais tes. Qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tsis yog qhov tseeb, thiab koj tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm pom chav rau kev txhim kho. Peb tau ua Eagle thiab Gerber cov ntaub ntawv muaj rau rub tawm kom koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej PCB. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom hauv ntu "Cov Ntaub Ntawv" ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus no. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia thaum tsim koj tus kheej lub rooj tsavxwm: Muaj lub tog raj txuas thiab cov ntsia hlau dav hlau nyob rau tib sab ntawm lub rooj tsav khoom Muab cov khoom sib piv sib ze thiab txo qis ib qho/qhov ntev Kom muaj lub qhov sib dhos ua ib txoj kab uas hla, thiab nyob hauv qhov yooj yim rov tsim cov duab plaub.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kev Teeb Hlau

Yog li yuav teeb lub xaim li cas? Ntau dua li faus nws, nws yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv pegs kom nws nyob hauv qhov chaw. Koj tau siv dawb txhua yam koj xav khaws cov xaim nyob hauv qhov chaw, tab sis yas ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Ib pob ntawm 50 pegs siv rau cov neeg hlau tshuab txiav nyom zoo li pheej yig. Thaum tso cov hlau, nco ntsoov kom muaj ob qho kawg ua ke nyob rau tib qhov chaw txhawm rau txuas rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov ntsia hlau dav hlau.

Kauj Ruam 4: Huab Cua Kuj

Txij li cov txheej txheem feem ntau yuav tawm sab nraud kom siv sab nraum zoov. Ib puag ncig xaim xav tau txheej txheej tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nws tus kheej nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj dej. Koj tuaj yeem siv Qhov Txias Txias no los tiv thaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los nag. Tsis yog txhua lub xaim raug tsim sib npaug. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tawm lub xaim tawm, nco ntsoov nqis peev hauv cov hlau raug, piv txwv li, qhov Robomow 300 'Perimeter Wire Shielding uas tsis yog UV / dej tiv taus yuav ua kom qhuav sai sai thiab ua rau nkig.

Kauj ruam 5: Sensor

Txoj kev xav

Tam sim no peb tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias nws tau ua haujlwm raws li nws xav tau, nws yog lub sijhawm pib xav txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub teeb liab mus los ntawm xaim. Txog qhov no, peb caw koj los nyeem txog LC Circuit, tseem hu ua Tank Circuit lossis Tuned Circuit. LC Circuit yog hluav taws xob Circuit Court raws li Inductor/Coil (L) thiab lub capacitor (C) txuas nrog ua ke. Lub voj voog no tau siv hauv cov ntxaij lim dej, tuners, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw zaus. Thiaj li, nws feem ntau siv hauv kev tshaj tawm xov tooj cua wireless rau ob qho kev tshaj tawm thiab txais tos. Peb yuav tsis nkag mus rau theoretical cov ntsiab lus hais txog LC circuits, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov kom nkag siab txog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siv hauv kab lus no, yuav yog tus lej rau xam cov zaus sib nqus ntawm LC Circuit, uas zoo li:

f0 = 1/(2*π*√ (L*C))

Qhov twg L yog qhov inductance tus nqi ntawm cov kauj hauv H (Henry) thiab C yog tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub capacitor hauv F (Farads). Rau lub ntsuas hluav taws xob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas 34kHz-40Khz teeb liab uas nkag mus rau hauv xaim, lub tank tso hluav taws xob peb siv yuav tsum muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau zaus hauv qhov no. Peb xaiv L = 1mH thiab C = 22nF kom tau txais qhov sib npaug ntawm 33 932Hz suav nrog siv cov qauv (2). Qhov dav ntawm lub teeb liab pom los ntawm peb lub tank hluav taws xob yuav me me (qhov siab tshaj ntawm 80mV thaum peb kuaj peb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob) thaum lub ntsuas hluav taws xob nyob ntawm kwv yees li 10cm los ntawm xaim, yog li ntawd, nws yuav xav tau qee qhov kev nthuav dav. Txhawm rau ua li ntawd, peb tau siv qhov nrov LM324 Op-Amp lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov lub teeb liab nrog qhov nce ntawm 100 hauv qhov tsis hloov pauv teeb tsa 2 theem ua kom pom tseeb kom tau txais qhov zoo nyeem tau zoo teeb liab ntawm qhov deb ntau dua 10cm hauv qhov tso tawm ntawm lub sensor. Kab lus no muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig txog Op-Amps feem ntau. Tsis tas li, koj tuaj yeem saib ntawm LM324 cov ntawv teev npe. Nov yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj ntawm LM324 lub tshuab hluav taws xob: Op-Amp hauv qhov tsis hloov pauv teeb tsa (duab tawm)

Siv cov kab zauv rau kev teeb tsa tsis hloov pauv, Av = 1+R2/R1. Kev teeb tsa R1 txog 10KOhms thiab R2 rau 1MOhms yuav muab qhov nce ntawm 100, uas yog nyob hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau kom tus neeg hlau tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas kab xaim ib puag ncig hauv kev qhia sib txawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj ntau dua ib lub cim teeb tsa ntawm nws. Qhov ntau dua qhov ntsuas ntawm tus neeg hlau, qhov zoo dua nws yuav txheeb xyuas cov xaim ciam. Rau qhov kev qhia no, thiab txij li LM324 yog plaub-op amplifier (qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib LM324 nti muaj 4 cais lub suab sib txuas), peb yuav siv ob lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Qhov no txhais tau tias siv ob lub LC txuas thiab txhua tus yuav muaj 2 theem ntawm kev nthuav dav. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog ib qho LM324 nti xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 6: Schematic thiab Prototyping

Raws li peb tau tham txog saum toj no, cov txheej txheem rau lub rooj tsav xwm sensor yog ncaj ncaj-rau pem hauv ntej. Nws yog tsim los ntawm 2 LC kev sib txuas, ib qho LM324 nti thiab ob peb 10KOhms thiab 1MOhms resistors los teeb tsa cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov suab nrov.

Nov yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv uas koj tuaj yeem siv:

• R1, R3, R5, R7: 10KOhm Resistors
• R2, R4, R6, R8: 1MOhm Resistors
• C1, C2: 22nF Capacitors
• IC: LM324N amplifier
• JP3 / JP4: 2.54mm 3-pin M / M headers
• Inductors 1, 2: 1mH*

* 1mH Inductors nrog qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm 420mA thiab Q factor ntawm 40 252kHz yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo. Peb tau ntxiv cov ntsia hlau txuas raws li inductor coj mus rau cov txheej txheem txhawm rau txhawm rau inductors (nrog cov hlau txuas rau cov xov hlau) kom muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm tus neeg hlau. Tom qab ntawd, cov xov hlau (ntawm cov inductors) yuav txuas nrog cov ntsia hlau txuas. Out1 thiab Out2 pins tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau lub microcontroller's analog input pins. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv Arduino UNO Board lossis, zoo dua, BotBoarduino Controller rau kev sib txuas tau yooj yim dua vim nws muaj cov pins sib txuas tawg tawm ua kab 3 pins (Teeb liab, VCC, GND) thiab nws kuj yog Arduino sib xws. LM324 nti yuav siv los ntawm microcontroller tus 5V, yog li ntawd, cov teeb liab sib piv (pom nthwv dej) los ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm sensor yuav sib txawv ntawm 0V thiab 5V nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm tus inductor thiab ib puag ncig xaim. Qhov ze tus inductor yog mus rau ib puag ncig xaim, siab dua qhov dav ntawm lub sensor Circuit Court tso tawm nthwv dej. Nov yog qhov ntsuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum zoo li ntawm lub khob cij.

Kauj Ruam 7: Cov txiaj ntsig

Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom hauv oscilloscope lub vijtsam hauv qab no, cov nthwv dej pom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv LC tau nthuav dav thiab saturates ntawm 5V thaum lub inductor nyob ntawm 15cm mus rau ib puag ncig xaim.

Ib yam li peb tau ua nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, peb tau tsim cov PCB zoo me me nrog cov khoom sib dhos rau lub rooj tsav xwm nrog ob lub voj voos tank, lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov, thiab 2 cov txiaj ntsig sib piv. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom hauv ntu "Cov Ntaub Ntawv" kawg ntawm kab lus no.

Kauj Ruam 8: Arduino Code

Tus lej Arduino uas koj tuaj yeem siv rau koj lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib puag ncig thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tau yooj yim heev. Raws li qhov tso tawm ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm sensor yog ob lub cim sib txawv sib txawv ntawm 0V txog 5V (ib qho rau txhua lub sensor/inductor), piv txwv AnalogRead Arduino tuaj yeem siv tau. Tsuas yog txuas ob lub pins tso tawm ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm sensor mus rau ob lub pins analog input thiab nyeem tus pin tsim nyog los ntawm kev hloov kho Arduino AnalogRead Piv txwv. Siv Arduino tus lej saib xyuas, koj yuav tsum pom tus nqi RAW ntawm tus lej sib piv uas koj siv sib txawv ntawm 0 txog 1024 thaum koj mus txog qhov inductor mus rau ib puag ncig xaim.

Txoj cai nyeem qhov hluav taws xob ntawm analogPin thiab qhia nws.

int analogPin = A3; // potentiometer wiper (nruab nrab lub dav hlau) txuas nrog analog pin 3 // sab nraud ua rau hauv av thiab +5V

int tau = 0; // sib txawv los khaws tus nqi nyeem

void teeb tsa () {

Serial.begin (9600); // teeb tsa serial

}

void voj () {

val = analogRead (analogPin); // nyeem tus lej nkag Serial.println (val); // debug tus nqi