Digital Theremin: Touchless Musical Instrument: 4 Kauj Ruam

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Hauv qhov kev sim no nrog Digital Electronics, Kuv yuav qhia koj li cas los tsim cov nkauj (ze rau nws: P) yam tsis kov lub suab paj nruas, siv Oscillators & Op-amp. Yeej qhov ntsuas no hu ua Theremin, xub tsim los siv cov khoom sib piv los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias Léon Theremin. Tab sis peb yuav tsim qhov no siv IC's uas tsim cov cim digital thiab tom qab ntawd peb yuav hloov lawv mus rau analog rau suab paj nruag. Kuv yuav sim piav qhia txhua theem ntawm kev sib tham hauv xov tooj. Kuv vam tias koj yuav nyiam qhov kev coj ua no ntawm yam koj tau kawm hauv koj lub tsev kawm qib siab.

Kuv kuj tau tsim lub voj voog no ntawm www.tinkercad.com & ua nws qhov simulation ntawm cov khoom. Koj tuaj yeem pom sim nws & tswj nws raws li koj nyiam, vim tias tsis muaj dab tsi los xoob rau ntawd, tsuas yog Kawm & Lom Zem!

Kauj Ruam 1: Cheeb Tsam

Nov yog daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb xav tau los tsim lub voj voog no:

1) MCP602 OpAmp (Qhov Sib Txawv Sib Txawv) x1

2) CD4093 IC (4 NAND Gates IC) x1

3) Resistors: 6x 10k, 1x 5.1k, 1x6.8k & 1x 1.5k

4) Potentiometer: 2x 10k lauj kaub

5) Capacitors: 2x 100pF, 1x 1nF & 1x 4.7µF Capacitor (Electrolytic)

6) Breadboard/PCB pawg thawj coj saib

7) Telescopic Antenna (Qhov Tsawg Yam Tsawg: 6mm txoj kab uas hla & 40cm+ ntev) LOS YOG nws zoo dua siv tooj liab raj nrog qhov ntev muab rau kom nkag siab zoo dua

8) Lub Hwj Chim DC Jack (5.5mmx2.1mm) & Suab Jack (3.5mm)

9) Lwm yam khoom siv xws li xaim thiab cov khoom sib txuas

Nco tseg: Koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov khoom siv yooj yim hauv Xov Tooj Cua lossis Online ntawm amazon/ebay. Tseem nco tseg tias hauv tinkercad Circuit, op-amp & Nand rooj vag txawv, tab sis lawv tseem yuav ua haujlwm thiab. Tseem Yog tias koj pom muaj teeb meem hauv kev tau txais ib qho twg, qhia rau kuv paub.

Kauj Ruam 2: Cia Nkag Siab Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm Circuit

Saum toj no koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab teeb tsa rau kev siv.

Ua haujlwm: Yeej yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas peb tsim ob oscillatory (sine wave in analog) cov cim los ntawm ob qhov sib txawv oscillators- 1) Ib qho yog tsau oscillator 2) Qhov thib ob yog qhov sib txawv oscillator. Thiab peb ib txwm coj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub cim qhia kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig tso tawm hauv Kev hnov ntau zaus (2Hz-20kHz).

* Peb ua li cas?

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv qab NAND lub rooj vag (U2B) Circuit yog Fixed oscillator thiab NAND rooj vag sab saud saum toj no (U1B) yog qhov hloov pauv oscillator Circuit, uas nws qhov sib txawv sib txawv me ntsis nrog txhais tes txav ib ncig Antenna txuas nrog nws! (Yuav ua li cas?)

* Kev txav tes nyob ib ncig ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov hloov pauv qhov oscillator li cas?

Kev piav qhia: Qhov tseeb, Kav hlau txais xov txuas nrog ua ke nrog C1 Capacitor ntawm no. Kav hlau txais xov ua raws li Ib qho ntawm Cov Capacitor phaj thiab peb txhais tes ua lwm sab ntawm lub phaj capacitor (uas yog hauv av los ntawm peb lub cev). Yog li pib peb ua tiav qhov txuas ntxiv (sib npaug) Capacitive Circuit thiab yog li ntxiv qhov peev txheej tag nrho rau hauv Circuit Court. (Vim tias Capacitors nyob rau hauv parallel tau ntxiv).

* Yuav ua li cas oscillations tau siv NAND Gate?

Kev piav qhia: Thaum pib, Ib qho ntawm qhov nkag mus ntawm NAND lub rooj vag (coj U2B piv txwv) yog nyob rau qib siab (1) thiab lwm cov tswv yim nkag los ntawm C2 (piv txwv li 0). Thiab rau (1 & 0) ua ke hauv NAND GATE, peb tau txais cov txiaj ntsig siab (1).

Tam sim no thaum cov zis tau txais HIGH, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim network los ntawm cov zis (los ntawm R3 & R10) peb tau txais HIGH tus nqi rau yav dhau los hauv av nkag qhov chaw nres nkoj. Yog li, ntawm no yog qhov tseeb. Tom qab cov lus tawm tswv yim, Capacitor C2 tau them los ntawm R3 thiab tom qab ntawd peb tau txais ob qho kev nkag mus ntawm NAND Gate ntawm HIGH LEVEL (1 & 1), thiab tso tawm rau ob qho HIGH logic input yog LOW (0). Yog li, Tam sim no Capacitor C2 tawm rov qab thiab ib zaug ntxiv ntawm ib qho ntawm NAND Gate tau txais qis. Yog li no lub voj voog no rov ua dua thiab peb tau txais qhov Oscillations. Peb tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov oscillator zaus los ntawm kev hloov tus nqi ntawm resistor thiab Capacitor (C2) vim tias lub sijhawm them nqi ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav sib txawv nrog cov peev txheej sib txawv thiab yog li qhov oscillation zaus yuav txawv. Nov yog qhov peb tau txais oscillator.

* Peb yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais suab paj nruag (Pom tau) ntau zaus los ntawm Cov cim qhia zaus?

Txhawm rau kom tau txais lub suab ntau zaus, peb rho tawm ob lub cim qhia los ntawm ib leeg kom tau txais qis dua cov cim qhia uas yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov hnov tau. Ntawm no peb tab tom siv Op-amp raws li theem sib txawv amplifier. Yeej hauv theem no, nws rho tawm ob qhov teeb meem nkag mus muab qhov sib txawv Amplified (f1 - f2). Nov yog qhov peb tau txais lub suab nrov. Tseem los lim cov cim tsis xav tau, peb tab tom siv LOW pass lim los lim lub suab nrov.

Nco tseg: Cov teeb liab tso tawm peb tau txais ntawm no tsis muaj zog, yog li peb xav tau Amplifier ntxiv los ua kom nrov nrov. Koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas lossis tsuas yog pub lub teeb liab ntawm lub Circuit Court no rau txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Vam tias, koj nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit no. Tseem muaj kev ua xyem xyav? Xav nug txhua lub sijhawm.

Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim Circuit Court

Thov ua ntej tsim tag nrho cov Circuit Court ntawm breadboard ua ntej thiab kos nws. Tom qab ntawd tsuas yog tsim nws ntawm PCB nrog kev siv tshuaj kom raug.

Nco tseg 1: Qhov no yog kev siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus, yog li nws tau pom zoo kom khaws cov khoom kom ze li sai tau.

Nco tseg 2: Thov siv tsuas yog +5V DC fais fab mov (Tsis siab dua), vim IC hloov kho qhov hluav taws xob.

Nco tseg 3: Kav hlau txais xov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv Circuit no, yog li thov ua raws txhua cov lus qhia muab nruj me ntsis.

Kauj Ruam 4: Kev Ua Haujlwm Circuit thiab Kev Simulation Software

Thov saib qhov simulation Circuit thiab nws Cov Video.

Kuv tau ntxiv Multisim Circuit Cov Ntaub Ntawv, koj tuaj yeem ncaj qha khiav lub Circuit Court siv qhov ntawd thiab tsim koj tus kheej thiab ua kev hloov pauv.

Hav, Kuv kuj tau ntxiv Tinkercad (www.tinkercad.com/) Circuit txuas txuas ntxiv, nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem tsim koj li Circuit Court lossis tswj hwm kuv lub Circuit ib yam thiab ua haujlwm simulation ib yam nkaus. Txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog kev kawm thiab ua si nrog nws.

Tinkercad Circuit Link:

Vam tias koj nyiam qhov no. Kuv yuav sim txhim kho nws ntxiv thiab ntxiv nws cov qauv sib piv & Microcontroller raws (siv VCO) sai sai uas yuav muaj cov lus teb zoo dua rau tes taw taw txav ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov. Txog thaum ntawd, Txaus siab rau ua si nrog qhov no.

Hloov tshiab: Cov neeg, Kuv kuj tau tsim qhov no ntxiv nyob ntawd siv LDR & 555