Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: 10 Cov Kauj Ruam (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: John Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-30 09:26

Tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua rau kev kawm lossis tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li tsim cov hluav taws xob tiag. Lub khob cij yog qhov kev xaiv nrov tab sis nws feem ntau ua rau tsis nkag siab spaghetti uas tsis muaj qhov zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem qub thiab nyuaj rau kev debug.

Kuv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm lwm qhov qhia kom ua cov txheej txheem sib nqus uas tuaj yeem ua ke ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim yog txaus: cov kab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv vib nas this thiab lawv zoo ib yam li cov phiaj xwm! Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov thaiv tau ntseeg tau zoo vim tias cov tooj liab ntawm ob lub thaiv sib txawv raug thawb ib leeg los ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauv qab kab xev.

Cov thaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov duab los qhia rov qab nrog cov hlau nplaum me me ntawm ciam teb. Cov kab xev tooj liab npog cov hlau nplaum thiab txuas rau cov khoom siv. Los ntawm muab ob lub hlau nplaum me me rau ntawm txhua tus ciam teb, cov thaiv ib txwm nyiam. Tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab tus nqi yog kwv yees li 10 xees ib block.

Kauj Ruam 1: Khoom

100, 200 lossis 300 cylindrical neodymium hlau nplaum ntawm, 5mm txoj kab uas hla, 1mm tuab (5x1mm). Cov no tau npaj muaj online rau ~ 1.5 xees ib thooj (piv txwv li ntawm no)

10mm dav daim kab xev tooj liab, 10m yob yuav ntau dua li txaus (piv txwv li ntawm no)

Cov ntawv tawv tawv: 6mm 3-txheej version zoo. 50x50cm yog ntau txaus

Cheebtsam rau kev tsim qauv: ib lub roj teeb 4xAAA, LEDs, tus tiv thaiv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tus hais lus, LDR, khawm, lub hwj chim thiab lwm yam.

Cov cuab yeej: lub thawv txiav thiab cov hlau txuas. Liab thiab xiav cov cim ruaj khov. Tweezers yog qhov yooj yim rau khoov tus pin.

Kauj Ruam 2: Tsawg Yam Teeb Siv 100 Magnets

Nov yog cov lus qhia rau cov khoom siv los ua 23 ntu nrog 100 tus hlau nplaum:

4 ncaj txuas

4 daim daim

2 T-kev sib txuas

1 lub thawv roj teeb

2 LEDs (ntsuab thiab liab)

4 resistors (100 Ohm, 220 Ohm, 10 kOhm, 22 kOhm)

1 potentiometer (10kOhm)

1 LDR (lub teeb-nyob-resistor)

1 npn transistor (e.g. 2n3904)

1 electrolyte capacitor ntawm 100muF

1 khawm

1 kov-ncoo

Qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia no, muaj 11 txoj kab hluav taws xob yooj yim pom tias koj tuaj yeem ua nrog qhov teeb tsa me me no.

Kauj ruam 3: Kos tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium cylindrical tsis muaj cov cim ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, tab sis kev taug qab ntawm cov txheeb ze polarity yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua cov kab hluav taws xob thaiv ib txwm nyiam.

Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los nrhiav yog rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus: sab qaum teb yog tus ncej uas taw mus rau sab qaum teb thaum cov hlau nplaum sab laug tsis tig los: nyem ib txoj hlua nyias ib nrab ntawm cov hlau nplaum ib nrab thiab nqa nws: zoo li rab koob ntawm compass, nws yuav ua ke nrog lub ntiaj teb sib nqus. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm ob peb qhov chaw sib txawv, tom qab ntawd xim rau sab qaum teb liab, sab qab teb xiav.

Khawb tag nrho cov hlau nplaum nrog rau sab qaum teb ntawm daim ntawv hlau (piv txwv li lub thawv khoom qab zib). Xim txhua sab liab nrog tus cim ruaj khov. Cia nws qhuav kom zoo rau 10 feeb, tig lawv ib ncig thiab xim rau sab qab teb ncej xiav. Tam sim no txhua tus hlau nplaum tau cim raws li kev pom zoo (liab = sab qaum teb, xiav = sab qab teb ncej)

Kauj Ruam 4: Txiav daim Cardboard

Nrog tus xaum, kos kab sib chaws ntawm ~ 100 2.5x2.5 cm squares. Ntxiv ib qho "kab txaij" ntawm 5.2cm: ob chav tsev thaiv yuav tsum yog 2 hli dav dua li ob chav sib koom ua ke kom suav nrog ob lub hlau nplaum ntawm 1mm txhua qhov uas cais ob ntu. Peb 'chav nyob' dhau los ua 7.9cm. Txiav cov thaiv rau hauv 2.5x2.5 fab, tab sis tseem ua qee qhov 2.5x5.2cm duab plaub rau cov txuas ntev thiab 5.2x7.9cm rau cov khoom loj xws li lub roj teeb ntawm tus hais lus.

Kauj Ruam 5: Txuas Cov Hlau nplaum Nrog Tooj Tooj

Txiav ib co kab xev tooj liab ntawm qhov ntev kom raug rau txhua qhov thaiv:

Connector block: 4 hlau nplaum, 5cm daim kab xev Ntev txuas txuas: 4 hlau nplaum, 8cm daim kab xevAngle block: 4 hlau nplaum, 2 daim ntawm 3cm kab xev T-txuas: 6 hlau nplaum, 1 daim ntawm 3cm kab xev, 1 daim ntawm 5cm kab xev hla: 8 cov hlau nplaum, 2 daim ntawm 1.5cm daim kab xev, 1 daim ntawm 5cm daim kab xev 2-davhlau ya nyob twg tivthaiv: 4 hlau nplaum, 2 daim ntawm 2cm daim kab xev 3-davhlau ya nyob twg tivthaiv: 6 hlau nplaum, 3 daim ntawm 2cm daim kab xev

Pawg cov hlau nplaum ua khub, qhov twg txhua khub muaj ib sab xiav thiab ib sab liab nce. Lawv yuav nyiam me ntsis hauv qhov kev teeb tsa no. Tshem daim ntawv los ntawm daim kab xev tooj liab thiab lo nws ntawm cov hlau nplaum tawm ~ 5mm dawb ntawm ib sab uas yuav mus rau hauv qab. Khaws daim kab xev ntawm daim duab duab plaub xws li cov hlau nplaum nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov thaiv. Ceev faj ntawm kev taw qhia: nyob rau sab saum toj, xiav yuav tsum sab laug thiab liab txoj cai. Ntawm sab xis, xiav yuav tsum tau nce, thiab liab liab, thiab ntxiv rau ntawm lub xwmfab tas: qhov no yuav lav tau tias thaum twg los xij ob qhov kev cuam tshuam los sib ntsib, sab qaum teb tus ncej los ntawm ib lub ntsej muag ntsib sab qab teb ntawm lwm qhov thaiv thiab lawv ib txwm nyiam, txawm tias thaum cov blocks tau tig.

Txog rau 3-ntu ntu, daim kab xev tooj liab tuaj yeem sib tshooj, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau txiav: txiav lawv kom zoo nrog lub thawv txiav thiab nrog ntse tweezers daim kab xev ntau dhau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Cov kab xev ntau dhau rau lwm cov thaiv kuj raug tshem tawm li no.

Kauj Ruam 6: Siv Lub Vev Xaib Lub Pob Zeb thiab T-kev sib tshuam

Ob daim kab xev tooj liab tsau rau saum ib leeg yuav zoo li kev sib txuas zoo, tab sis nco ntsoov muaj txheej txheej kua nplaum nyob nruab nrab, thiab feem ntau lawv tsis txuas hluav taws xob! Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov, muab cov raj tso rau uas txuas rau ob daim kab xev ntawm lub kaum sab xis thiab T-txuas.

Kauj Ruam 7: Mount Cheebtsam

Nrog rab koob, xuas qhov me me qhov uas cov coj ntawm cov khoom yuav mus. Txiav cov coj mus rau qhov ntev. Cia cov khoom tiv thaiv tawm 1 lossis 2 cm, txoj kev ntawd nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tso thiab hloov cov thaiv. Khaws cov khoom tiv thaiv txawm tias lub qhov thiab ua kom cov hlau lead. Rau cov resistors thiab capacitors, sau tus nqi ntawm qhov thaiv. Qhia nrog cov cim thiab xim lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom lossis kev sib txuas, xws li polarity ntawm elco thiab LED.

Kauj Ruam 8: Sim Tawm Qee Qhov Kev Yooj Yim Yooj Yim

Hauv cov duab muaj 11 lub tswv yim hluav taws xob rau qhov teeb tsa me me M100, sim lawv!

Kauj Ruam 9: Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij

Siv tus lej loj dua ntawm cov thaiv, tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua. Cov yeeb yaj kiab qhia:

• 2-transistor multivibrator (ob lub teeb nyem)
• 2-transistor bistable multivibrator (flip-flop, lossis 1-ntsis hluav taws xob nco)
• Ib qho RC oscillator

Kauj Ruam 10: Joule Thief

Ib qho kev nthuav dav: ib leeg 1.5V roj teeb teeb 3 LEDs hauv koob! Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm no yog qhov hloov pauv tus kheej: 80 cm ntawm 0.2 hli xaim xaim xaim ob npaug thiab ua rau lub qhov txhab 20x los ntawm lub nplhaib ferrite (10 hli sab nraud, 5 hli qhov siab). Nco tseg cov dots ntawm qhov hloov pauv: nws qhia tau hais tias sab laug windings khiav hauv qhov rov qab ntawm txoj cai windings. Joule tub sab yog tus kheej oscillating voltage booster thiab nws tuaj yeem nyem ob peb Joules kawg ntawm lub roj teeb uas ib txwm pom tias tuag: nws yuav ua haujlwm rau ~ 0.5V. Muaj ntau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau lub voj voog no, piv txwv. los ntawm electronicGURU, 1up, ASCAS, Jason B, thiab lwm yam